本文選題：縊江蘺 + 環(huán)境因子��； 參考：《廣東海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：縊江蘺(Gracilaria salicornia)是一種能適應(yīng)高溫生長的大型經(jīng)濟(jì)紅藻,具用食用、藥用、藻膠工業(yè)用和飼用等經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值�？O江蘺形成的藻場具有固定底質(zhì)、改善水質(zhì)、為許多動物提供棲息地等多種功能。近年來,由于人類活動的干擾、破壞以及養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展,近海海區(qū)的環(huán)境受到了嚴(yán)重的污染,導(dǎo)致一些天然藻場逐漸退化甚至消失,造成了生態(tài)失衡。由于目前我國的瓊膠制造工業(yè)的發(fā)展快速,對瓊膠原料的需求量也日漸激增,因此規(guī)�；_發(fā)利用縊江蘺具有非常重要的意義,不僅能為我國瓊膠工業(yè)供應(yīng)充足的原料,也能凈化近海海域水質(zhì),改善海洋環(huán)境,修復(fù)與保護(hù)海洋生態(tài)資源。但目前對縊江蘺的研究報(bào)道極少。為了研究環(huán)境因子對縊江蘺生長等方面的影響以及縊江蘺的人工育苗和底播栽培技術(shù),本文于2015年4月至2016年9月期間,通過野外進(jìn)行調(diào)查、海區(qū)試驗(yàn)以及室內(nèi)的共同研究,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室分別設(shè)置不同溫度、光照強(qiáng)度、鹽度及不同的營養(yǎng)鹽對縊江蘺生長、生理生化組分的特性的影響進(jìn)行了研究。同時(shí),在自然海區(qū)開展野外調(diào)查,并在近海海區(qū)進(jìn)行縊江蘺人工底播栽培和半人工采苗構(gòu)建人工藻場試驗(yàn),記錄了縊江蘺周年生長變化情況,獲得了可行的縊江蘺人工育苗和底播栽培方法,構(gòu)建了220畝的縊江蘺人工藻場。主要結(jié)果如下:1、在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下,通過研究不同的溫度、光照強(qiáng)度及鹽度對縊江蘺相對生長率(RGR)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)以及葉綠素a(Chla)和類胡蘿卜素(Car)、藻紅蛋白(R-PE)和藻藍(lán)蛋白(R-PC)的影響,分析得到:縊江蘺適宜生長的溫度條件為24-32℃,最佳適宜生長的溫度條件為28℃;縊江蘺適宜生長的光照強(qiáng)度條件是3000-9000lx,6000lx為其生長的最適光照強(qiáng)度;縊江蘺適宜生長的鹽度條件為20-35,最佳適宜生長的鹽度條件是30�？O江蘺在適宜的環(huán)境條件下具有較高的RGR,其藻膽蛋白(R-PE和R-PC)和可溶性蛋白(SP)的含量較高,MDA質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)較低,受環(huán)境的脅迫較小。從生長狀態(tài)的性質(zhì)、抗氧化的程度以及光合色素合成含量等方面進(jìn)行分析,縊江蘺一系列的特性,如適應(yīng)高溫、低光照強(qiáng)度和中、高鹽度的環(huán)境,也適于南方海域夏季的氣候和自然條件栽培生產(chǎn)。2、實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下,研究了不同氮濃度、氮磷比及化合態(tài)氮對縊江蘺生長、可溶性蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛以及光合色素的影響,研究結(jié)果得出:適合縊江蘺生長的總無機(jī)氮濃度條件范圍為156-260μmol/L,在該條件下,藻體表現(xiàn)較高的生長速率,最適宜縊江蘺生長的總無機(jī)氮濃度條件為208μmol/L。適宜縊江蘺生長的氮磷比值范圍是5-10,其最適生長條件的比為10:1,在低氮磷比培養(yǎng)條件下,縊江蘺的生長狀態(tài)特性、生理生化特性等方面會高于氮磷比過高的狀態(tài)�？O江蘺生長的三種無機(jī)氮適宜比是NO3--N:NH4+-N:NO2--N為1:8:4或4:8:1�？O江蘺較適宜生存在含有較高的NH4+-N的海水環(huán)境中,其在生理生化等方面的特性也強(qiáng)于NO3--N和NO2--N比例較高的海水環(huán)境。2、在自然海區(qū)進(jìn)行周年調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)縊江蘺在3月至9月期間生長比較快,其中5月、6月、7月三個(gè)月生長最快,生物量最大�？O江蘺孢子繁殖在5月開始出現(xiàn)繁殖現(xiàn)象直至10月,7-8月為繁殖盛期。在10月之后,隨著海水溫度降低,生長明顯緩慢甚至停止,繁殖過后的藻體潰爛消失。12月、1月、2月,在自然海區(qū)僅見少量縊江蘺小苗越冬。3、于2015年4月在廣東省流沙灣近海區(qū),通過移植自然海區(qū)生長的縊江蘺進(jìn)行人工底播栽培,采用尼龍繩夾苗掛樁底播、網(wǎng)簾半人工采孢子附苗和網(wǎng)袋掛苗等方法構(gòu)建人工藻場220畝,三種不同方式的縊江蘺栽培方法其藻體幼苗成活率分別為76%、81%、68%,并于2015年10月發(fā)現(xiàn)底播栽培繩、網(wǎng)簾及竹樁上布滿了較高密度的處于不同生長階段的縊江蘺幼苗,種群繁衍茂密,能構(gòu)建比較理想的人工藻場�？O江蘺在南方高溫海區(qū)適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),繁殖力強(qiáng)、生長快,有一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)利用價(jià)值,是構(gòu)建人工藻場的理想物種,能保護(hù)與修復(fù)近海生態(tài)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:Gracilaria (Gracilaria Salicornia) is a large economic red algae, which can adapt to high temperature growth. It has the economic value of edible, medicinal, alginate industrial use and feeding. The algal field formed by Gracilaria has fixed base, improved water quality, and provided many functions for many animals. In recent years, the disturbance, destruction and breeding of human activities have been caused by human activities. The development of colonization, the environment of coastal sea area has been seriously polluted, resulting in the gradual degradation and even disappearance of some natural algae fields, resulting in ecological imbalance. Due to the rapid development of the agar manufacturing industry in China, the demand for agar materials is increasing. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop and utilize constriction of Gracilaria by large-scale development. In order to study the effects of environmental factors on the growth of Gracilaria, as well as the effects of environmental factors on the growth of Gracilaria, as well as the artificial seedling raising and Cultivation Techniques of Gracilaria constrictions, 20 During the period from April to September 2016 15, the effects of different temperatures, light intensity, salinity and different nutrients on the growth of Gracilaria, and the characteristics of physiological and biochemical components were studied in the laboratory, through field investigations, sea area tests and laboratory studies. Artificial cultivation of Gracilaria Gracilaria and semi artificial production of artificial algae field were carried out in the area, and the annual growth of Gracilaria was recorded. A feasible method of artificial cultivation and cultivation of Gracilaria with 220 Mu artificial algae field was established. The main results were as follows: 1, under laboratory conditions, different temperatures, light were studied. The effects of intensity and salinity on the relative growth rate (RGR), soluble protein (SP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll a (Chla) and carotenoid (Car), phycoerythrocyte (R-PE) and phycocyanin (R-PC) were studied. The optimum temperature conditions for the growth of Gracilaria were 24-32, and the optimum temperature strip suitable for growth was obtained. The optimum light intensity conditions for the growth of Gracilaria of Gracilaria were 3000-9000lx, 6000lx was the optimum light intensity for its growth, and the optimum salinity conditions for the growth of Gracilaria were 20-35. The optimum salinity conditions for the growth of Gracilaria were higher RGR under the suitable environment conditions, and its algin protein (R-PE and R-PC) and soluble protein (SP) were the best suitable conditions for the growth of Gracilaria. High content, low MDA mass fraction and low environmental stress. The characteristics of the growth state, the degree of oxidation resistance and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments are analyzed. A series of characteristics of Gracilaria, such as adaptation to high temperature, low light intensity and high salinity, are also suitable for summer climate and natural conditions in southern waters. The effects of nitrogen concentration, nitrogen, phosphorus ratio and photosynthetic nitrogen on the growth, soluble protein, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and photosynthetic pigment of Gracilaria were studied under the conditions of.2. The results showed that the total inorganic nitrogen concentration suitable for the growth of Gracilaria was 156-260 mu mol/L. Under this condition, the algal body showed higher performance. The growth rate of the total inorganic nitrogen is best suitable for the growth of Gracilaria. The ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus to the growth of Gracilaria constricte is 5-10, the ratio of the optimum growth condition is 10:1. Under the condition of low nitrogen and phosphorus culture, the growth state characteristics and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Gracilaria are higher than the state of high nitrogen and phosphorus ratio. The three inorganic nitrogen suitable ratio is NO3--N:NH4+-N:NO2--N 1:8:4 or 4:8:1. constricted Gracilaria, which is more suitable for survival in the seawater environment with higher NH4+-N, and its physiological and biochemical characteristics are also stronger than that of NO3--N and NO2--N in the seawater environment.2. In the natural sea area, the annual survey found that Gracilaria Constricti was from March to September. Growth is faster, of which in May, June, three months in July, the fastest growth, the largest biomass. The spore of Gracilaria Constricti breeding in May began to reproduce until October, and 7-8 months was a reproductive period. After October, the growth slowed down and even stopped, after the sea water temperature decreased, the algae fester disappeared after.12 months, January, in the natural sea only A small amount of Gracilaria seedlings overwintered.3 in the coastal waters of Guangdong Province in April 2015. In the coastal area of the stream Sha Wan in April 2015, artificial bottom sowing was carried out by transplantation of Gracilaria Gracilaria from the natural sea area. Nylon rope clip seedlings were planted by the bottom sowing, 220 mu of artificial algae field and three different ways of Gracilaria cultivated in different ways were constructed. The survival rates of the algae were 76%, 81% and 68% respectively. In October 2015, the cultivation ropes were found, and the net curtain and bamboo pile were covered with high density of Gracilaria seedlings in different stages of growth. The population was dense, and the ideal artificial algae field could be constructed. Certain economic value is an ideal species for constructing artificial algal field, which can protect and repair offshore ecological environment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.3

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1 王艷平;縊江蘺實(shí)驗(yàn)生態(tài)學(xué)的初步研究[D];廣東海洋大學(xué);2017年

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本文編號：1879090