發(fā)布時間：2018-05-11 05:16

  本文選題：氮肥減施 + 玉米產(chǎn)量��； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：氮肥減施是現(xiàn)今農(nóng)業(yè)工作者研究的重點問題,因此探究吉林省西部化肥氮減施相關技術(shù)具有重要意義。本文從減施氮肥和農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物替代化肥氮兩種方式探討減施氮肥對吉林省西部半干旱區(qū)玉米產(chǎn)量、干物質(zhì)積累、氮素吸收積累以及氮肥利用率的影響。開展玉米減氮施肥的新型模式,為吉林省西部黑土區(qū)減氮施肥技術(shù)打下堅實基礎。1.通過研究玉米膜下滴灌氮肥施用方式與玉米產(chǎn)量間的關系,得出在施氮量為240kg/hm2時,玉米產(chǎn)量最高達15701.9kg/hm2,通過直線加平臺分析得出當?shù)?施肥量為187.243 kg/hm2時可以得到最佳產(chǎn)量,已達到肥料與玉米產(chǎn)量的最佳效益值;施肥時期以基肥+拔節(jié)+抽雄的施用方式玉米產(chǎn)量達到最高,達16530.5kg/hm2;各處理各項生理指標均呈現(xiàn)該趨勢,可以說明合理的氮肥施入量和施肥時期及比例會明顯增加玉米產(chǎn)量、氮素吸收積累以及氮肥利用率,對玉米增產(chǎn)起到促進作用。建議當?shù)厥┑糠秶３衷?80-200kg/hm2,產(chǎn)量可達15000 kg/hm2以上,當?shù)厥┓史绞娇刹捎没?30%)+拔節(jié)(25%)+抽雄(45)方式。2.通過玉米減氮施肥試驗發(fā)現(xiàn),當降低20%施氮量時,玉米產(chǎn)量及干物質(zhì)量并沒有降低,反而有少量增加,說明適當降低氮肥投入量不會明顯影響玉米產(chǎn)量及干物質(zhì)。氮素的積累速率最高值出現(xiàn)在T1(N240)處理,較T0(N300)處理高出0.005 g/plant/d,兩者差異不顯著,說明適當減少氮肥的施入有利于提高玉米對氮素的吸收積累,適當?shù)慕档头柿系氖┤脒�會增加肥料利用率其中T1(N240)處理較T0(N300)處理高出近14%。綜上,說明適當?shù)膶⑹┑士梢怨?jié)約成本,降低環(huán)境風險,提高肥料利用率,從而增加產(chǎn)量。3.通過玉米膜下滴管農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物替代化肥氮試驗得出,產(chǎn)量最高處理為S3處理,達12350.0kg/hm2,較農(nóng)民習慣施肥高出29.7%,各個糞肥還田處理產(chǎn)量也較弄民習慣施肥增加明顯,說明糞肥對農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量有著顯著的提高,各處理干物質(zhì)量也呈現(xiàn)該趨勢。各個糞肥還田處理中雞糞還田各項生理指標明顯高于其他處理,所以雞糞還田為有機物還田首選,而25%雞糞還田較50%雞糞還田處理產(chǎn)量增加8.6%,干物質(zhì)量增加5.1%,肥料利用率提高了4%。綜上得出糞肥還田有助于玉米的高產(chǎn),25%雞糞還田+75%化肥氮處理各項生理指標均為各處理中最高,為最優(yōu)處理,推薦當?shù)貤l件下以25%雞糞還田+75%化肥氮最佳,其化肥氮采用基肥(30%)+拔節(jié)(25%)+抽雄(45%)方式,農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物及磷、鉀肥均以基肥一次性施入。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen fertilizer reduction is a key issue for agricultural workers, so it is of great significance to explore the related techniques of fertilizer nitrogen reduction in western Jilin Province. In this paper, the effects of reducing application of nitrogen fertilizer on corn yield, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen absorption accumulation and nitrogen utilization efficiency in semi-arid region of western Jilin Province were discussed by means of reducing application of nitrogen fertilizer and replacing fertilizer nitrogen with agricultural waste. To develop a new model of nitrogen reduction and fertilization in maize, lay a solid foundation for nitrogen reduction and fertilization technology in the black soil region of west Jilin Province. By studying the relationship between nitrogen fertilizer application mode and maize yield under film drip irrigation, it was concluded that the highest yield of maize was 15701.9 kg 路hm ~ 2 when nitrogen rate was 240kg/hm2, and the best yield could be obtained when the amount of fertilizer was 187.243 kg/hm2 by linear and platform analysis. It has reached the best benefit value of fertilizer and maize yield, and the yield of maize reached the highest with 16530.5 kg / hm ~ (2) in the application of jointing and androgen in the fertilization period. All physiological indexes of the treatments showed this trend. It can be concluded that the reasonable amount of nitrogen application and the period and proportion of fertilizer application can obviously increase maize yield, nitrogen absorption and accumulation, and nitrogen use efficiency, which can promote maize yield increase. It is suggested that the local nitrogen application should be kept in the range of 180 ~ 200 kg / hm ~ (2), and the yield should be more than 15000 kg/hm2, and the local fertilization method could be used as base fertilizer 30) jointing 25 (45). It was found that the yield and dry matter of maize did not decrease, but increased slightly when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 20%, which indicated that the proper reduction of nitrogen input would not significantly affect the yield and dry matter of maize. The highest rate of nitrogen accumulation appeared in T1N 240) treatment, which was 0.005 g / t / d higher than that in T0 N 300) treatment, the difference was not significant, which indicated that proper reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application was beneficial to increase N uptake and accumulation in maize. The appropriate reduction of fertilizer application also increased the fertilizer utilization efficiency. The T1N 240) treatment was nearly 14% higher than that of T0 N 300) treatment. To sum up, the proper application of nitrogen fertilizer can save the cost, reduce the environmental risk, improve the fertilizer use efficiency, thereby increasing the yield. 3. Through the experiment of replacing fertilizer nitrogen with agricultural waste under corn film, it was found that the highest yield was treated with S3, which reached 12350.0kg / hm ~ 2, 29.7kg / hm ~ 2 higher than that of farmers, and the yield of every manure returning to the field was increased obviously than that of common fertilizer. The results showed that manure had a significant increase in crop yield, and the dry matter quality of each treatment showed the same trend. The physiological indexes of chicken manure returning to the field were significantly higher than those of other treatments, so chicken manure returning to the field was the first choice for organic matter. The yield of 25% chicken manure returned to the field was increased by 8.6%, the dry weight increased 5.1%, and the fertilizer utilization rate increased by 4% compared with 50% chicken manure return treatment. It was concluded that the physiological indexes of 75% fertilizer nitrogen treatment were the highest among the treatments, and it was recommended that 25% chicken manure was the best fertilizer nitrogen in the field under the local conditions. The fertilizer nitrogen was applied in the form of base fertilizer (30%) and jointing (25%). The agricultural waste, phosphorus and potash were all applied in one-time with base fertilizer.
【學位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S513

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