本文選題：紅小豆 + 栽培方式��； 參考：《黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了探討黑龍江西部半干旱地區(qū)紅小豆高產(chǎn)高效栽培技術(shù)措施,采用裂區(qū)設(shè)計(jì),在平播、65 cm壟作、110 cm壟作方式下,研究了9、13、17、21、25萬(wàn)株·hm~(-2)的保苗密度對(duì)紅小豆的株高、莖粗、葉面積指數(shù)、葉綠素含量、光合參數(shù)、干物質(zhì)積累動(dòng)態(tài)、子粒產(chǎn)量及子粒品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明:1.紅小豆的株高在結(jié)莢期前株高顯著增加,后期株高趨于穩(wěn)定,不同處理變化差異較小;紅小豆的莖粗隨著生育期推進(jìn),各處理均在鼓粒期到達(dá)峰值。在不同栽培方式下,種植密度的增加,明顯降低了紅小豆的株高和莖粗。2.不同栽培方式下,葉綠素a/b值以及類胡蘿卜素含量隨著生育期總體呈下降的趨勢(shì),而葉綠素含量呈先上升后下降的趨勢(shì)。在結(jié)莢期和鼓粒期時(shí),110 cm壟作下葉綠素含量提高0.51%~6.62%,類胡蘿卜素含量提高5.51%~24.39%。3.紅小豆的葉面積指數(shù)在生育期內(nèi)基本呈先上升后下降的趨向,在結(jié)莢期到達(dá)峰值,65 cm壟作以及110 cm壟作均高于平播模式,尤其CM4(110 cm壟作下密度為21萬(wàn)株·hm~(-2))處理持續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng),利于干物質(zhì)積累以及子粒產(chǎn)量的形成。4.紅小豆的葉片凈光合速率(Pn)、氣孔導(dǎo)度(Gs)、胞間CO~2濃度(Ci)和蒸騰速率(Tr)均隨著生育期基本呈先上升后下降的趨向,凈光合速率(Pn)、氣孔導(dǎo)度(Gs)、蒸騰速率(Tr)均在結(jié)莢期達(dá)到峰值,而胞間CO~2濃度(Ci)的峰值出現(xiàn)在花期并且在平播模式下有明顯升高,65 cm模式下可提高葉片蒸騰速率(Tr),凈光合速率(Pn)、氣孔導(dǎo)度(Gs)在110 cm壟作下影響較大。5.在生育期內(nèi),莖、葉干物質(zhì)積累呈先上升后下降的趨向,110 cm壟作降低高密度處理的莖干物質(zhì)積累量,尤其CM4處理莖干物質(zhì)向莢、子粒分配提高;紅小豆莢、子粒的干物質(zhì)積累呈增加的趨勢(shì),適當(dāng)增加密度,利于莢干物質(zhì)積累,110 cm壟作利于子粒干物質(zhì)積累。6.種植密度為9萬(wàn)株·hm~(-2)時(shí),利于增加紅小豆的單株莢數(shù)和單株粒數(shù),在110 cm和65 cm壟作下,增加種植密度,紅小豆的主莖莢數(shù)和單株粒重呈降低變化;紅小豆的百粒重受到密度變化影響較小;平播和65 cm壟作在17萬(wàn)株·hm~(-2)時(shí)紅小豆產(chǎn)量最高,分別為1387.67 kg·hm~(-2)和1723.53 kg·hm~(-2);110 cm壟作下,21萬(wàn)株·hm~(-2)時(shí)紅小豆產(chǎn)量最高,為1901.07 kg·hm~(-2)。7.種植密度過(guò)大降低子�？扇苄缘鞍缀�,65 cm壟作、110 cm壟作利于子�？扇苄缘鞍缀康姆e累;65 cm壟作、110 cm壟作下,密度過(guò)高或過(guò)低均降低子粒淀粉含量,因此110 cm壟作下密度為21萬(wàn)株·hm~(-2),可提高淀粉含量;對(duì)紅小豆子粒粗脂肪含量影響較小。
[Abstract]:In order to study the high yield and high efficiency cultivation technique of red bean in semi-arid area of western Heilongjiang, the height and stem diameter of seedling density of 9Y13131721, 250000 plants were studied by using split zone design under the pattern of plant-sowing 65 cm ridge cultivation with 110cm ridge. Leaf area index, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter accumulation dynamics, grain yield and grain quality. The result shows that 1: 1. The plant height of red bean increased significantly before pod setting stage, but the plant height tended to be stable at the later stage, and the variation of different treatments was small; the stem diameter of red bean increased with the growth stage, and all treatments reached the peak value at the grain filling stage. With the increase of planting density, the plant height and stem diameter of red bean decreased obviously under different cultivation methods. Under different cultivation methods, chlorophyll a / b value and carotenoid content decreased with the growth period, while chlorophyll content increased first and then decreased. The chlorophyll content and carotenoid content in 110cm ridge were increased by 0.51cm and 6.62, and the carotenoid content was increased by 5.51and 24.39.3. The leaf area index of red bean increased first and then decreased during the growth period, and reached the peak value of 65 cm ridge and 110cm ridge at pod setting stage, which was higher than that of flat seeding pattern, especially the density of 210000 plants under CM4(110 cm ridge was 210000 plants. It is beneficial to dry matter accumulation and grain yield formation. The net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (GsN), intercellular CO~2 concentration (CO~2) and transpiration rate (Tr) of red bean increased first and then decreased with the growth stage, and the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and transpiration rate reached the peak at pod-setting stage. The peak value of intercellular CO~2 concentration (CO~2) appeared at flowering stage and could increase leaf transpiration rate (TRP), net photosynthetic rate (PN) and stomatal conductance (Gs) under 110cm ridge cultivation. During the growth period, the dry matter accumulation of stem and leaf increased first and then decreased at 110cm ridge. The accumulation of stem dry matter decreased in high density treatment, especially the dry matter of stem increased to pods in CM4 treatment, and the seed distribution increased in pods of red bean, while in pods of red bean, the accumulation of dry matter in stem and leaf increased at first and then decreased. The dry matter accumulation of seeds showed an increasing trend, and a proper increase in density was beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter of pods by 110 cm ridge cultivation and to the accumulation of dry matter in grains by .6. When planting density was 90000 plants, pods per plant and grain number per plant were increased. Under 110cm and 65cm ridge cultivation, the number of pods in main stem and seed weight per plant decreased. The 100 seed weight of red bean was less affected by the density change, and the highest yield of red bean was 1387.67 kg hmmc-2) and 1723.53 kg hmmmc-2) and (1723.53 kg hmmmc-2), the highest yield of red bean was 1901.07 kg hmmin-2zhuan.7 at 65 cm ridge cropping and 170000 hmmmmc-2), respectively, under 110 cm ridge cultivation of red bean, 210000 plants were planted with 10cm of HMHMHMHM ~ (-2), and the yield of red pea was the highest at 65 cm ridge cropping, with the yield of 1901.07 kg HMHM ~ (-2). High or low density of seed could reduce starch content of seeds under 65 cm ridge cultivation and 110 cm ridge cropping with 65 cm ridge and 110 cm ridge cropping, which was beneficial to the accumulation of soluble protein content in seed grains under 110cm ridge cropping with 65 cm ridge and 110 cm ridge cropping, but the density was too high or too low, and the grain starch content was decreased when the planting density was too high or too low. Therefore, the density of 210000 plants under 110cm ridge could increase the starch content, but had little effect on the crude fat content of red bean grains.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S521

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