本文選題：松材線蟲 + 反式-2-己烯醛　； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：松材線蟲(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)是一種世界范圍內(nèi)的檢疫性害蟲,是松樹枯萎病(Pine Wilt Disease)的病原,它給木材以及木制品輸出國造成巨大的經(jīng)濟損失。目前,該病的防治和控制工作進展緩慢,關(guān)鍵技術(shù)層面難以取得實質(zhì)性的突破,且一些傳統(tǒng)的殺線劑對人類的健康和環(huán)境造成嚴重的威脅,所以一種低毒、高效殺線劑的研發(fā)迫在眉睫。反式-2-己烯醛又稱青葉醛,是一種6碳(C6)揮發(fā)性化合物,在自然界中廣泛存在,它天然存在于許多蔬菜、水果中。此外,反式-2-己烯醛具有極強的香氣,因此通常被用作人造香料和食品添加劑。據(jù)報道,反式-2-己烯醛對南方根結(jié)線蟲(Meloidogyne incognita)和小麥孢囊線蟲(Heterodera avenae)具有較強的抑制活性,但其殺線活性的作用機理尚不清楚。本研究主要針對反式-2-己烯醛對松材線蟲生長發(fā)育、繁殖能力、運動行為及呼吸作用的影響及對其防治效果做了初步的研究,為反式-2-己烯醛的殺線機理探究奠定一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。研究結(jié)果具體如下:1.反式-2-己烯醛熏蒸黑松原木對松材線蟲的防治效果試驗結(jié)果表明,在實驗室25℃條件下,用反式-2-己烯醛(99%純品)對黑松原木進行熏蒸處理,熏蒸目標劑量濃度分別為:139.8 g m-3,349.5 g m-3和699 g m-3,松材線蟲的死亡率從63.6%達到100%。2.反式-2-己烯醛對不同齡期松材線蟲的致死效應(yīng)反式-2-己烯醛對松材線蟲的L2s,L3s和L4s/成蟲具有顯著的殺線活性,其中L2s最為敏感,其LC50值為11.2μg m L-1。3.反式-2-己烯醛對松材線蟲胚胎發(fā)育的影響試驗證明,反式-2-己烯醛嚴重影響松材線蟲的胚胎發(fā)育,它明顯抑制線蟲卵的孵化。劑量為200μg m L-1的反式-2-己烯處理線蟲卵12 h時,松材線蟲的卵孵化率僅為20.0%。4.反式-2-己烯醛對松材線蟲繁殖能力的影響反式-2-己烯醛抑制松材線蟲的繁殖,主要體現(xiàn)在減少線蟲的種群數(shù)量,抑制其繁殖速率,減少其產(chǎn)卵量:反式-2-己烯醛處理組(即36和55μg m L-1)的種群數(shù)量分別為11×104和8.3×104條,明顯低于溶劑對照組和空白對照組的種群數(shù)量;反式-2-己烯醛對松材線蟲繁殖速率影響的結(jié)果顯示,空白對照組和溶劑對照組具有較高的繁殖速率,分別為7.6×103和7.25×103,反式-2-己烯醛在劑量為36μg m L-1時繁殖速率(5.5×103)為中等,而劑量為55μg m L-1時表現(xiàn)出最慢的繁殖速率(4.15×103)。在36和55μg m L-1兩個濃度下處理線蟲24 h,84 h后,松材線蟲單條雌蟲的平均產(chǎn)卵量分別為15±0.5657和15.5±0.0707個,與溶劑對照(19.4±0.2828個卵)和空白對照的產(chǎn)卵量(21.3±0.2357個卵)具有顯著性差異。5.反式-2-己烯醛對連續(xù)2代松材線蟲體長和雌雄性別比例的影響子一代(F1)的松材線蟲,36μg m L-1的反式-2-己烯醛處理組的雌蟲體長為992.4±0.605μm,55μg m L-1劑量下雌蟲體長為966.0±10.61μm,明顯短于溶劑對照組雌蟲(1048.7±0.257μm)和空白對照組雌蟲(1085.7±3.779μm)的體長。另外,在55μg m L-1劑量下雄蟲體長為849.1±9.878μm,明顯短于溶劑對照組(983.3±0.7464μm)和空白對照組(1024.1±2.0916μm)中雄蟲體長。進一步試驗表明,子二代(F2)中線蟲的體長在處理組和對照組之間沒有顯著差異,在本試驗測定的兩代線蟲中,雌性線蟲的體長明顯長于雄性線蟲。本試驗還測定了后代雌雄線蟲的性別比例,結(jié)果表明,松材線蟲用反式-2-己烯醛處理后后,其第2代(F1)和第3代(F2)的雌雄線蟲性別比例均無顯著差異。6.反式-2-己烯醛對松材線蟲運動行為的影響經(jīng)反式-2-己烯醛處理后,松材線蟲的身體擺動頻率降低,線蟲蟲體表現(xiàn)出異常扭曲情況,主要表現(xiàn)為螺旋卷曲或多重卷曲。結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)高濃度的反式-2-己烯醛(100和80μg m L-1)處理后的線蟲在前30 min表現(xiàn)為100%異常,與對照組存在顯著差異;30 min后,一部分存活的線蟲運動行為逐漸恢復正常。7.反式-2-己烯醛對松材線蟲呼吸作用的影響反式-2-己烯醛對松材線蟲的呼吸速率影響呈現(xiàn)出先升高后降低的趨勢。試驗結(jié)果表明,前5 h,處理組中線蟲的呼吸速率高于對照中線蟲的呼吸速率;5 h后呼吸速率逐漸下降;第8 h時,處理組的呼吸速率與溶劑對照組基本相同;第10 h,處理組線蟲的呼吸速率明顯低于溶劑對照組。綜上所述,反式-2-己烯醛對松材線蟲具有較強的殺線活性,且本研究為確認反式-2-己烯醛對植物寄生線蟲的作用方式以及致病機理的研究提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wood nematode) is a worldwide quarantine pest, the pathogen of pine wilt (Pine Wilt Disease), which causes huge economic losses to timber and timber exporting countries. At present, the prevention and control of the disease is slow, and the key technical level is difficult to achieve substantial breakthrough. Some traditional killing agents pose a serious threat to human health and environment, so the development of a low toxic and efficient line killing agent is imminent. Trans -2- hexenal, also known as green aldehyde, is a 6 carbon (C6) volatile compound, widely existed in nature, which naturally exists in many vegetables and fruits. In addition, trans -2- hexenal has a very high degree. Strong aroma is usually used as artificial spice and food additive. It is reported that trans -2- hexenal has strong inhibitory activity to Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera avenae (Heterodera avenae), but the mechanism of its action is not clear. This study mainly aimed at pine wood with trans -2- hexenal. The effect of nematode growth, reproductive capacity, movement behavior and respiration and its effect on its control were preliminarily studied, which laid a theoretical foundation for the investigation of the mechanism of trans -2- hexenal killing line. The results are as follows: 1. experimental results of the control effect of trans -2- hexenal fumigation black pine wood on pine wood nematode showed that it was real The laboratory room was fumigated with -2- hexenal (99% pure) and fumigation, the target dose concentration was 139.8 g m-3349.5 g M-3 and 699 g M-3, the mortality of pine wood nematode from 63.6% to 100%.2. trans -2- hexenal to different ages of pine wood nematode to pine wood nematode 2s, L3s and L4s/ adults have significant line activity, of which L2s is the most sensitive, and its LC50 value is 11.2 mu g m L-1.3. trans -2- hexenal on the embryo development of pine wood nematode. It is proved that trans -2- hexenal seriously affects the embryo development of pine wood nematode, and it obviously inhibits the hatching of nematode eggs. The dose is 200 mu g m. The egg hatching rate of the line worm eggs 12 h, the egg hatching rate of the pine wood nematode is only the effect of 20.0%.4. trans -2- hexenal on the reproductive capacity of pine wood nematode, which is mainly reflected in reducing the population of the nematode, inhibiting the propagation rate and reducing the amount of its spawning: the trans -2- hexenal treatment group (36 and 55 mu g m L-1). The populations of the group were 11 * 104 and 8.3 x 104, respectively, which were significantly lower than the population of the solvent control group and the blank control group. The effects of the trans -2- hexenal on the propagation rate of pine wood nematode showed that the blank control group and the solvent control group had a higher propagation rate, 7.6 * 103 and 7.25 * 103 respectively, and the trans -2- hexenal in the dose of 36 u g m L- The propagation rate (5.5 x 103) was medium at 1 and the slowest propagation rate (4.15 x 103) when the dose was 55 g m L-1. The average egg production of the single female worm of the pine wood nematode was respectively 15 + 0.5657 and 15.5 103 after 36 and 55 g m L-1 concentration and 24 h and 84 H. The amount of eggs (21.3 + 0.2357 eggs) had significant differences in the effect of.5. trans -2- hexenal on the proportion of the body length and sex of the 2 generation pine wood nematode (F1). The female body length of the trans -2- hexenal treatment group of 36 mu g m L-1 was 992.4 + 0.605 mu, and 55 u g m L-1 dosage was 966 + 10.61 mu m, obviously shorter than dissolving. In the control group, the female (1048.7 + 0.257 m) and the blank control group were (1085.7 + 3.779 m) body length. In addition, the male body length of the male was 849.1 + 9.878 mu m at the dose of 55 mu g m L-1, obviously shorter than that in the solvent control group (983.3 + 0.7464 m) and the blank control group (1024.1 + 2.0916 mu m). There was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group. In the two generation of nematodes, the body length of the female nematode was significantly longer than that of the male nematode. The sex ratio of the female and male nematode in the offspring was also measured. The results showed that the sex ratio of the second generation (F1) and the third generation (F2) of the pine wood nematode, after the treatment of the trans -2- hexenal, was the sex of the nematode. The effect of.6. trans -2- hexenal on the movement of pine wood nematode was not significant. After trans -2- hexenal treatment, the body wobble frequency of pine wood nematode decreased and the nematode body showed abnormal distortions. The main manifestations were spiral curls or multiple curls. The results showed that the high concentration of trans -2- hexenal (100 and 80 mu g m L-1) The treated nematode was 100% abnormal in the first 30 min, and there was a significant difference between the control group and the control group. After 30 min, a part of the surviving nematode movement gradually restored the normal.7. trans -2- hexenal effect on the respiration of pine wood nematode. The effect of trans -2- hexenal on the respiration rate of pine wood nematode showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease. The results showed that in the first 5 h, the respiration rate of the nematode in the treatment group was higher than that of the control line worm, and the respiration rate decreased gradually after 5 h; when eighth h, the respiration rate of the treatment group was basically the same as the solvent control group; tenth h, the respiration rate of the treated group was obviously lower than that of the solvent control group. In conclusion, the trans -2- hexenal was on the pine wood line. This study provides a theoretical basis for the study of the effect of trans -2- hexenal on the mode of action of plant parasitic nematodes and the pathogenesis of the parasitic nematodes.

【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S763.18

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