本文選題：楠木屬 + 潤(rùn)楠屬　； 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)楠木品種因產(chǎn)地不同,質(zhì)量參差不齊,價(jià)格差別很大。如今面對(duì)資源緊缺,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)缺乏,楠木交易市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)了鑒別難度大,以假亂真、以次充好的欺詐現(xiàn)象,常常使消費(fèi)者不能判別其真?zhèn)�。因�?對(duì)楠木類木材進(jìn)行宏觀、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)特征及細(xì)胞幾何形態(tài)特征進(jìn)行研究,分析探尋楠木各屬類木材結(jié)構(gòu)特征的異同點(diǎn),有助于規(guī)范和完善楠木類木材的識(shí)別與鑒定,具有實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本文通過對(duì)五種楠木類木材(閩楠、楨楠、小果潤(rùn)楠、潤(rùn)楠和華潤(rùn)楠)進(jìn)行宏觀構(gòu)造、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、細(xì)胞離析、木材顏色、密度相關(guān)屬性的觀察和測(cè)定,對(duì)木材宏觀構(gòu)造特征、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)特征、各類細(xì)胞種類、細(xì)胞的組合形式及幾何形態(tài)特征參數(shù)進(jìn)行了比較分析,探究楠木“金絲”與結(jié)晶體的關(guān)系,歸納總結(jié)出五種楠木木材的異同點(diǎn)。(1)宏觀構(gòu)造方面：五種楠木生長(zhǎng)輪形狀除小果潤(rùn)楠呈微波浪形外,其余都呈圓形或橢圓形；木射線均為中等木射線,閩楠和楨楠帶有微芳香氣味,小果潤(rùn)楠和潤(rùn)楠的氣味偏酸香味,華潤(rùn)楠新切面有帶辛辣的芳香味；閩楠顏色淺黃微綠色,楨楠顏色黃褐微紅色,小果潤(rùn)楠顏色淺黃褐色,潤(rùn)楠黃褐微綠色,華潤(rùn)楠顏色淺紅褐微綠色；楨楠、小果潤(rùn)楠、潤(rùn)楠和華潤(rùn)楠的光澤較閩楠好并呈現(xiàn)出亮麗幻景；閩楠、潤(rùn)楠較直,楨楠的紋理略斜,小果潤(rùn)楠的紋理呈波浪形,而華潤(rùn)楠整體紋理頗直但部分也呈波浪形；五種楠木木材結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)勻,質(zhì)地較輕軟。(2)解剖特征方面：五種楠木的管孔組合形式以單管孔和短徑列復(fù)管孔為主,偶見管孔團(tuán),管孔分布均勻,均為散孔材；穿孔類型為單穿孔,或兼單穿孔和梯狀穿孔；導(dǎo)管間紋孔互列式或兼對(duì)列和互列；具分隔木纖維；木射線非疊生,單列射線少,多列射線寬多為2個(gè)細(xì)胞,射線組織主為異形Ⅲ或Ⅱ型,小果潤(rùn)楠偶見異形Ⅰ型,同一射線內(nèi)間或出現(xiàn)2次多列部分,部分橫臥細(xì)胞的高度較高,射線與導(dǎo)管間紋孔式為橫列刻痕狀及同管間紋孔式；華潤(rùn)楠木射線中含較多深紅褐色樹膠,小果潤(rùn)楠樹膠顏色較淺；軸向薄壁組織主要為環(huán)管束狀、稀疏狀,偶見翼狀；木射線和軸向薄壁細(xì)胞普遍存在油細(xì)胞和結(jié)晶體。(3)楠木“金絲”與結(jié)晶體的位置、數(shù)目和形態(tài)相關(guān),結(jié)晶體數(shù)量越多,形態(tài)越小,金絲越明顯。(4)五種楠木結(jié)構(gòu)特征參數(shù)方面：五種楠木平均管孔數(shù)都分布在10-30個(gè)/mm2,管孔數(shù)都略少。小果潤(rùn)楠和華潤(rùn)楠的管孔極小,閩楠、楨楠和潤(rùn)楠管孔略小。導(dǎo)管細(xì)胞壁厚度潤(rùn)楠(4.27μm)最厚,楨楠(3.45μm)最薄,其它相差無幾。木纖維尺寸上小果潤(rùn)楠和華潤(rùn)楠較大,楨楠和潤(rùn)楠次之,閩楠最小。閩楠的木纖維(木纖維實(shí)質(zhì)率65.81%)最疏松,潤(rùn)楠(73.94%)、小果潤(rùn)楠(72.61%)和楨楠(71.81%)的密實(shí)程度相近,較密實(shí),華潤(rùn)楠(67.65%)次之。單位長(zhǎng)度木射線根數(shù)潤(rùn)楠(22條/5mm),其它四種木材的木射線條數(shù)相近在25-50條/5mm,都屬于中偏少。單位面積結(jié)晶體個(gè)數(shù)楨楠(208個(gè)/mm2)和潤(rùn)楠(232個(gè)/mm2)單位面積結(jié)晶體個(gè)數(shù)較多。(5)組織比量分析方面：閩楠的木纖維組織比量(64.35%)為五者中最大,軸向薄壁組織(11.21%)為五者最��；楨楠的木射線組織比量(13.33%)是最大的,潤(rùn)楠導(dǎo)管(26.77%)和結(jié)晶體(2.22%)的組織比量都為五者最大,但木纖維(50.16%)和木射線(10.79)的組織比量是最小的。華潤(rùn)楠導(dǎo)管(10.45%)和結(jié)晶體(0.92%)是五者最小,而軸向薄壁組織(19.11%)是最大的。(6)細(xì)胞幾何形態(tài)特征分析方面：五種楠木導(dǎo)管細(xì)胞都具矩形、圓柱形、紡錘形和一端尖削一端鈍平的形狀,均未發(fā)現(xiàn)鼓形,矩形為主要細(xì)胞形態(tài)均占導(dǎo)管總細(xì)胞形態(tài)40%以上。在小果潤(rùn)楠和華潤(rùn)楠中還出現(xiàn)類似圓錐形的導(dǎo)管細(xì)胞,華潤(rùn)楠的導(dǎo)管細(xì)胞里有臺(tái)形形狀的細(xì)胞。除閩楠木纖維形態(tài)較直外,其它四種楠木的部分纖維都出現(xiàn)不同程度的彎曲。五種楠木均出現(xiàn)部分橫臥細(xì)胞的高度較高,華潤(rùn)楠橫臥細(xì)胞的長(zhǎng)度明顯高于其它樹種橫臥高度,是最大值。五種楠木的軸向薄壁細(xì)胞的串中個(gè)數(shù)多為2-5個(gè),偶見單個(gè),形態(tài)為長(zhǎng)方形兩端鈍平或尖削；五種楠木只有閩楠、楨楠和潤(rùn)楠存在晶簇,楨楠和潤(rùn)楠存在菱方形,只有小果潤(rùn)楠存在針晶體。(7)五種楠木木材顏色測(cè)定分析方面：五種楠木木材顏色均為紅黃色調(diào),其中閩楠顏色相比更暗,飽和度較低,色調(diào)號(hào)分別為閩楠4.85Y,楨楠3.04Y,小果潤(rùn)楠2.99Y,潤(rùn)楠3.27Y,華潤(rùn)楠1.62Y。(8)五種楠木密度測(cè)定方面：楠木屬中的楨楠?dú)飧擅芏?.553g/cm3大于閩楠0.479g/cm3。潤(rùn)楠屬中小果潤(rùn)楠?dú)飧擅芏?.740 g/cm3大于潤(rùn)楠和華潤(rùn)楠,而潤(rùn)楠0.634 g/cm3和華潤(rùn)楠0.652 g/cm3兩者的氣干密度基本相近。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a comparative analysis on macro - structure , microstructure , cell segregation , wood color and density - related properties of Nanmu wood .
The wood ray is medium - wood ray , Min - nan and Zhennan with micro - aromatic odor , the small - fruit wetting and the moistening of the smell of the smell of sour flavor , the new section of CR Nan has spicy and spicy flavor ;
Minnan color light yellow micro - green , green color yellow brown micro red , Xiaoguo Runnan color light yellow brown , Runnan yellow brown slightly green , CR Nan color light brown slightly green ;
The gloss of Machnan , Xiaoguo Runnan , Runnan and CR Nan is better than that of Min Nan and presents a bright vision ;
The texture of Machnan was slightly inclined , and the texture of Machnan was wavy , but the whole texture of CR Nan was quite straight , but the part was wavy .
The five kinds of nanmu timber structures are fine and uniform , and the texture is relatively soft . ( 2 ) In the aspect of anatomy , five kinds of nanmu ' s tube - hole combination is mainly composed of single - tube hole and short - diameter column compound pipe hole , and the pipe - hole group is occasionally seen , and the distribution of the pipe holes is uniform , all of which are scattered materials ;
the perforation type is a single perforation or a single perforation and a ladder - like perforation ;
Cross - column or double - column and column - to - column pattern ;
separating wood fiber ;
X - ray non - overlapping , single - row ray is few , the multi - column ray width is more than 2 cells , the main of ray tissue is heteromorphic type 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1869866