本文選題：夏玉米 + 自動(dòng)渠槽管��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：山東省所處華北平原是全國(guó)水資源短缺的地區(qū)之一,為緩解水資源嚴(yán)重不足的危機(jī),改革灌溉技術(shù)、推行節(jié)水措施、發(fā)展節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)成為人們普遍關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。本試驗(yàn)采用了一類新型田間節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù),即渠灌區(qū)田間自動(dòng)渠槽管灌溉。本試驗(yàn)于2016年在山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)馬莊試驗(yàn)田進(jìn)行,共設(shè)置三種不同灌溉方式:傳統(tǒng)連續(xù)灌溉(C)、波涌灌溉(S)、自動(dòng)渠槽管灌溉(A)。試驗(yàn)主要探究了三種不同灌溉模式下,自動(dòng)渠槽管灌溉處理的土壤水分狀況及其分布,與水分利用效率及其關(guān)系。本文分別在夏玉米生理特征、葉面積指數(shù)、干物質(zhì)積累量、農(nóng)田蒸散量、產(chǎn)量等方面進(jìn)行了分析與探討。主要研究結(jié)論如下:自動(dòng)渠槽管灌溉的土壤含水率在空間上最為均衡,灌溉均勻度最好。節(jié)水效果良好,相比傳統(tǒng)灌溉可節(jié)水31.11%;灌溉水有效利用率可達(dá)到88.4%,相比傳統(tǒng)灌溉可提高32.55%。自動(dòng)渠槽管灌溉避免了由于灌水不均而造成的畦首部分水量過(guò)多以致深層滲漏與畦尾部分灌水不足以致作物根系缺水現(xiàn)象,有利于灌溉水在土壤中的保持,有利于適應(yīng)作物根部的需水要求。相比傳統(tǒng)畦灌與波涌灌溉,自動(dòng)渠槽管灌溉下夏玉米的葉面積指數(shù)分別提高8.96%和5.19%,干物質(zhì)積累量分別提高4.44%和4.07%,產(chǎn)量分別提高11.7%和5.5%。自動(dòng)渠槽管灌溉保證了夏玉米一系列生理代謝功能,增加了其光合產(chǎn)物,因此促使了夏玉米植株生長(zhǎng),有利于干物質(zhì)量的積累,有利于產(chǎn)出量的增加。相比傳統(tǒng)畦灌與波涌灌溉,自動(dòng)渠槽管灌溉在夏玉米生育期內(nèi)的農(nóng)田蒸散總量分別降低了3.56%和1.0%,產(chǎn)量水平上的水分利用效率分別提高了15.81%和6.53%。自動(dòng)渠槽管灌溉耗水量小,農(nóng)田蒸散量少,水分利用效率高,有利于水分的節(jié)約與高效利用。自動(dòng)渠槽管灌溉與傳統(tǒng)連續(xù)畦灌和波涌灌溉的對(duì)比試驗(yàn)表明,自動(dòng)渠槽管灌溉能顯著提高土壤含水率空間分布的均勻性,提高水分利用效率,共同實(shí)現(xiàn)夏玉米的節(jié)水與增產(chǎn),是一種行之有效的節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù),具有一定的推廣與應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The North China Plain in Shandong Province is one of the regions with shortage of water resources in China. In order to alleviate the crisis of serious shortage of water resources, reform irrigation technology, carry out water-saving measures and develop water-saving agriculture have become the key issues that people pay more attention to. In this experiment, a new type of field water saving irrigation technology, that is, field automatic channel pipe irrigation in canal irrigation area, was adopted. The experiment was carried out in Mazhuang Experimental Field of Shandong Agricultural University in 2016. Three different irrigation methods were set up: traditional continuous irrigation, surge irrigation and automatic channel tube irrigation. The experiment mainly studied the soil moisture status and its distribution under three different irrigation modes, and their relationship with water use efficiency (Wue) and water use efficiency (Wue). The physiological characteristics, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, evapotranspiration and yield of summer maize were analyzed and discussed in this paper. The main conclusions are as follows: the soil moisture content of automatic channel tube irrigation is the most balanced in space, and the irrigation uniformity is the best. Compared with the traditional irrigation, the effective utilization rate of irrigation water can reach 88.4, and 32.55 can be improved compared with the traditional irrigation. The automatic channel tube irrigation can avoid the phenomenon that the water in the first part of the bed is too much because of the uneven irrigation, and the water in the bottom part of the furrow is not enough enough, which is beneficial to the conservation of irrigation water in the soil. It can adapt to the water requirement of crop root. Compared with traditional border irrigation and surge irrigation, the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of summer corn were increased by 8.96% and 5.19%, 4.44% and 4.07%, respectively, and the yield by 11.7% and 5.5% respectively. Automatic channel tube irrigation ensured a series of physiological metabolic functions and increased the photosynthetic products of summer maize. Therefore, it promoted the growth of summer maize plants, which was conducive to the accumulation of dry matter quality and the increase of yield. Compared with traditional border irrigation and surge irrigation, the total evapotranspiration in summer maize growing period decreased by 3.56% and 1.0%, and the water use efficiency increased 15.81% and 6.53%, respectively. The water consumption and evapotranspiration of farmland are small, and the water use efficiency is high, which is beneficial to the saving and efficient use of water. The contrast test of automatic channel tube irrigation with traditional continuous border irrigation and surge irrigation shows that automatic channel tube irrigation can significantly improve the spatial distribution of soil moisture content, water use efficiency, and jointly achieve water saving and yield increase of summer maize. It is an effective water-saving irrigation technology, and has certain popularization and application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S513;S275

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