本文選題：生物防治 + 苦瓜��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：瓜類枯萎病給瓜類生產(chǎn)造成巨大的經(jīng)濟損失,并且其防治十分困難。綠針假單胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)G5菌株是一株具有生防功能的內(nèi)生細(xì)菌。以綠針假單胞菌G5菌株為生防因子,進行苦瓜枯萎病和黃瓜枯萎病生物防治技術(shù)的初步研究。研究結(jié)果如下:1、通過平板對峙試驗,綠針假單胞菌G5菌株對苦瓜枯萎病菌(F.oxysporum f.sp.momodicae)SG-15菌株和黃瓜枯萎病菌(F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)FOC菌株的菌絲具有明顯拮抗作用,采用不同接種方法,G5菌株對SG-15菌株菌絲生長的抑制率達(dá)到60%以上;兩點對峙法試驗G5菌株對FOC菌株抑制率達(dá)到78.39%。2、利用綠針假單胞菌G5菌株對溫室盆栽苦瓜枯萎病進行防治試驗。G5菌株對苦瓜枯萎病幼苗防病效果達(dá)到31.32%;利用綠針假單胞菌G5菌株處理黃瓜幼苗,溫室盆栽黃瓜枯萎病防病效果達(dá)到72.88%。3、利用綠針假單胞菌G5菌株處理黃瓜種子,48 h后測量黃瓜種子胚根長度,相對于空白對照處理,促生效果達(dá)到37.36%。再用綠針假單胞菌G5菌株處理發(fā)芽的黃瓜種子,播種40 d后,株高、莖粗、葉面積、干重、鮮重、壯苗指數(shù)均高于空白對照處理,并且G5菌株處理能使黃瓜葉片葉綠素a、葉綠素b及葉綠素總量分別增加1.6%、4.8%、1.1%。4、進行綠針假單胞菌G5菌株與海藻肥復(fù)配對溫室苦瓜幼苗的促生試驗,單獨施用海藻肥、單獨施用生防菌、施用海藻肥與生防菌混合液三個處理的苦瓜苗株高、莖粗、葉面積、干重、鮮重、葉片數(shù)、壯苗指數(shù)均高于空白對照處理,且生防菌與海藻肥混合使用時試驗效果最佳。5、單獨施用海藻肥、單獨施用生防菌、施用海藻肥與生防菌混合液三個處理,均能不同程度提高苦瓜產(chǎn)量,其中施用G5菌株與海藻肥的混合液處理效果最佳,產(chǎn)量顯著高于對照處理,增產(chǎn)率達(dá)到43.70%。6、不同稀釋倍數(shù)惡霉靈對苦瓜枯萎病菌的生長有抑制作用,隨著稀釋倍數(shù)增大,抑制效果下降。測量不同稀釋倍數(shù)帶毒平板中病原菌的直徑,得到毒力回歸方程為y=1.9926x+5.0178,相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.9915。溫室盆栽條件下,綠針假單胞菌G5菌株與惡霉靈復(fù)配對苦瓜枯萎病和黃瓜枯萎病防治效果要高于單獨使用化學(xué)藥劑和生防菌劑,其中G5菌株與惡霉靈復(fù)配對苦瓜枯萎病防病效果達(dá)到75.64%,G5菌株與惡霉靈復(fù)配對黃瓜枯萎病防治效果達(dá)到90.16%。
[Abstract]:Fusarium wilt caused a huge economic loss to melon production, and its control is very difficult. Pseudomonas chlororaphis)G5 is an endophytic bacterium with biocontrol function. The biological control techniques of Fusarium wilt of Momordica charantia and Fusarium wilt of cucumber were studied. The results were as follows: 1. The results showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa G5 had a significant antagonistic effect on mycelium of F. oxysporum f.sp.momodicae)SG-15 and F. oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)FOC. The inhibition rate of G5 strain on the hyphal growth of SG-15 strain was more than 60% by different inoculation methods. The inhibition rate of G5 strain to FOC strain was 78.39.2.The control effect of G5 strain on Fusarium wilt of potted balsam charantia in greenhouse was tested by using G5 strain, and the control effect of G5 strain on balsam pear wilt seedling was 31.32%. Cucumber seedlings were treated with G5 strain. The control effect of cucumber wilt in greenhouse was 72.88. 3. The length of radicle of cucumber seeds was measured after 48 h treatment with Pseudomonas aeruginosa G5 strain. Compared with the control treatment, the growth-promoting effect was 37.36%. After 40 days of sowing, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight, fresh weight and seedling strength index were all higher than that of the control treatment. Moreover, the treatment of G5 strain could increase chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content of cucumber leaves by 1.6% and 4.8%, respectively. The experiment of combination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa G5 strain G5 and seaweed fertilizer to promote growth of Momordica charantia seedlings in greenhouse was carried out, and seaweed fertilizer was applied only. The plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight, fresh weight, leaf number and seedling strength index of Momordica charantia treated with algal fertilizer and mixed solution of algal fertilizer and biocontrol were higher than those of the control. The effect of biocontrol bacteria and algal fertilizer was the best. 5. The yield of Momordica charantia could be increased by applying algal fertilizer alone, applying biocontrol bacteria alone and applying mixed solution of algal fertilizer and biocontrol bacteria. The mixed solution of G5 strain and seaweed fertilizer had the best effect, and the yield was significantly higher than that of the control, and the yield increased to 43.70.6.The different dilution multiple of oxalatin inhibited the growth of balsam charantia wilt pathogen and increased with the dilution multiple. The inhibitory effect was decreased. The diameters of pathogenic bacteria in the plate with different dilution times were measured, and the virulence regression equation was obtained as YY 1.9926x 5.0178, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9915. In greenhouse pot culture, the effect of combination of Pseudomonas green G5 and oxalaxyl on Fusarium wilt of Momordica charantia and Cucumber wilt was higher than that of chemical and biocontrol agents alone. The control effect of G5 strain and oxalazine on Fusarium wilt of balsam pear was 75.64% and 90.16% respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S436.42;S476

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