本文選題：山杏 + 外植體��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：山杏是北方地區(qū)主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)樹種和生態(tài)綠化樹種其用途廣泛和實用價值,山杏常規(guī)繁殖速度慢,并且山杏種子數(shù)量受氣候影響極大,存在大小年現(xiàn)象,妨礙優(yōu)良品種的推廣與應(yīng)用。運用植物組織培養(yǎng)技術(shù),具有繁殖系數(shù)大,可獲得溫度優(yōu)良性狀的山杏苗木,是解決山杏繁殖問題的有效途徑,本文以葉片、種子、和莖尖為外植體,研究不同外植體愈傷組織的誘導(dǎo)和分化,通過愈傷組織途徑建立了再生植株體系、通過誘導(dǎo)胚性愈傷組織分化研究其體細(xì)胞胚胎發(fā)生,獲得了山杏體細(xì)胞胚。結(jié)果如下:(1)試驗篩選結(jié)果得出:成熟胚和莖尖分別是山杏愈傷組織誘導(dǎo)和體細(xì)胞胚胎發(fā)生的最佳外植體。(2)種子隨著消毒時間的增加,感染率降低,誘導(dǎo)率下降,75%酒精30s→2%NaC1O 4min處理種子,感染率為6.6%,但誘導(dǎo)率高達(dá)90%,是種子最佳消毒方法;而莖尖在75%酒精30s→0.2%升汞6min →2%NaC10 4min下消毒效果最好。(3)成熟胚在MS+6-BA(0.5mg/L)+NAA(0.5mg/L)培養(yǎng)基中愈傷組織誘導(dǎo)率達(dá)100%,當(dāng)6-BA濃度為2.0mg/L,NAA濃度為0.2mg/L時,愈傷組織的分化率最高為5.88;而成熟胚在光照培養(yǎng)下直接誘導(dǎo)叢生芽,當(dāng)6-BA(1.0 mg/L)和NAA(0.2 mg/L)組合中芽叢長勢旺盛,葉片濃綠,生長良好且分化率高達(dá)10.75,是成熟胚誘導(dǎo)叢生芽的最佳培養(yǎng)基;最后將芽叢切下在NAA和IBA作用下誘導(dǎo)生根,NAA配合IBA使用時,芽叢的生根率較低甚至沒有生根,基部有大量愈傷,單獨使用NAA時,隨著NAA的濃度增加,芽叢生根率也隨之增加,濃度為0.5mg/L生根率最高為 75%。(4)對胚性愈傷組織增殖試驗添加附加物水解乳蛋白、水解酪蛋白和肌醇,添加水解酪蛋白愈傷增殖率為92.2%最高;而胚性愈傷在1.Omg/L 6-BA和0.05mmg/LNAA的激素組合中誘導(dǎo)率最高為40%,作為胚性愈傷適宜分化培養(yǎng)基。
[Abstract]:Apricot is the main economic tree species and ecological greening tree species in the north of China, which is widely used and practical value. The rate of conventional propagation of almonds is slow, and the number of apricot seeds is greatly affected by climate, and there is a phenomenon of large and small years. It hinders the popularization and application of fine varieties. It is an effective way to solve the problem of propagation of apricot by using plant tissue culture technique, which has high reproduction coefficient and good temperature character. In this paper, leaves, seeds and stem tips are used as explants. The callus induction and differentiation of different explants were studied. The regenerated plant system was established through callus pathway. Somatic embryogenesis was studied by inducing embryogenic callus, and somatic embryogenesis of apricot was obtained. The results showed that mature embryo and stem tip were the best explants for callus induction and somatic embryogenesis, respectively. The infection rate decreased with the increase of disinfection time. The induction rate decreased by 75% alcohol for 30s and 2%NaC1O 4min was used to treat seeds, the infection rate was 6.6%, but the induction rate was as high as 90%, so it was the best way to sterilize the seeds. The callus induction rate of mature embryo in MS 6-BAN 0.5 mg / L NAA 0.5 mg / L medium was 100 when the 6-BA concentration was 2.0 mg / L 0.2mg/L, while the stem tip was sterilized at 75% alcohol for 30 s or 0.2% mercuric acid (2%NaC10 4min), and the rate of callus induction was 100% in MS 6-BAN 0.5 mg / L NAA / L medium. When the 6-BA concentration was 2.0 mg / L, the concentration of NAA was 0.2mg/L. The highest differentiation rate of callus was 5.88, while mature embryos induced cluster buds directly under light culture. When 6-BA(1.0 mg / L) and NAA(0.2 mg / L) combinations, buds grew vigorously and leaves were thick green. It was the best medium for mature embryos to induce tufted buds. Finally, when NAA and IBA were used to induce rooting with IBA, the rooting rate of bud plexus was lower or not, and a large number of calli were found at the base. When NAA was used alone, the rooting rate of bud tufts increased with the increase of NAA concentration. The highest rooting rate of 0.5mg/L was 75. 4) the addition of hydrolactin, casein and inositol was added to embryogenic callus proliferation test. The highest rate of callus proliferation was 92. 2% in addition of hydrolysate casein, and the highest rate of embryogenic callus was 40 in the combination of 1.Omg/L 6-BA and 0.05mmg/LNAA, which was used as the suitable medium for differentiation of embryogenic callus.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S662.2

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