本文選題：鲇 + 精巢��； 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：鲇(Silurus asotus),屬鲇形目(Siluriformes)、鲇科(Siluridae)、鲇屬(Silurus)。以鲇仔魚、稚魚、幼魚和成熟雄性鲇為對象,系統(tǒng)研究了鲇性腺發(fā)生及精巢分化、精巢發(fā)育、成熟精巢周期性變化、精子結(jié)構(gòu)和精子活力特征等項內(nèi)容。研究主要結(jié)果如下:1.鲇性腺發(fā)生和精巢分化時間鲇性腺的發(fā)生始于鲇出膜后3日齡,生殖嵴的出現(xiàn)為起始標(biāo)志。性腺分化發(fā)生在鲇18日齡~40日齡:卵巢分化開始于鲇18日齡,標(biāo)志為卵巢腔的形成,卵巢分化完成于鲇24日齡,此時卵巢內(nèi)出現(xiàn)大量初級卵母細(xì)胞;精巢分化于30日齡,標(biāo)志為輸精管的出現(xiàn);而精巢分化完成于鲇40日齡,標(biāo)志為精巢內(nèi)出現(xiàn)大量初級精母細(xì)胞。2.鲇精巢發(fā)育根據(jù)精巢形態(tài)特征,結(jié)合精子發(fā)生的組織學(xué)和細(xì)胞學(xué)特點,將鲇精巢從分化后至發(fā)育成熟分為6個時期:Ⅰ期精巢(2月齡)為1對細(xì)絲,透明或淡黃色,長"f2mm,重"f0.03g,組織切片可見少量精原細(xì)胞分散于間質(zhì)細(xì)胞群間;Ⅱ期精巢(3月齡~5月齡)呈”V”形,半透明或白色,表面光滑,無明顯血管,長"f35 mm,重0.02 g~0.12 g,組織切片可見精原細(xì)胞增多;Ⅲ期精巢(6月齡~8月齡)邊緣凹凸不平,稍皺褶,少量毛細(xì)血管,呈淡粉色,長40 mm~62 mm,重1.0 g~3.73 g,組織切片中可見精母細(xì)胞;Ⅳ期精巢(9月齡~11月齡)呈分枝不明顯的樹枝狀,白色或淡紅色,表面褶皺明顯,血管粗而多,長81 mm~109 mm,重1.8 g~4.8 g,組織切片可見精子細(xì)胞;Ⅴ期精巢,已成熟,分枝明顯,白色或淡紅色,長89 mm~117 mm,重2.34 g~5.0 g,組織切片可見大量成熟精子;Ⅵ期精巢為排精后的精巢,其體積縮小,血管收縮,組織切片可見少量發(fā)育不成熟的精子。3.鲇成熟精巢周期性變化春季(2月~4月)精巢呈淡粉色,不飽滿,血管不明顯,處于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期。夏季(5月~8月)精巢呈白色或淡紅色,血管顯著,成熟系數(shù)為1.24%~1.83%,處于Ⅳ~Ⅴ期;7月的精巢已充分成熟,即處于第Ⅴ期,可進(jìn)行人工催產(chǎn)。秋季(9月~11月)鲇精巢呈白色或米黃色;鲇已經(jīng)排過精子,精巢明顯萎縮,成熟系數(shù)下降至0.75%,處于Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期和Ⅵ期。冬季(12月~翌年2月)鲇精巢呈米黃色,其內(nèi)精子退化。4.成熟精巢結(jié)構(gòu)鲇精巢分為白膜和實質(zhì)兩部分,實質(zhì)主要由小葉間質(zhì)、精小葉、貯精囊和輸出管構(gòu)成。小葉間質(zhì)由間質(zhì)細(xì)胞、微血管和纖維結(jié)締組織組成。精小葉呈不規(guī)則的管狀結(jié)構(gòu),其壁分布多個精小囊;精小囊是生精細(xì)胞的發(fā)源地。貯精囊呈蜂窩狀,內(nèi)有嵴和腔隙,為成熟精子的貯存地。4.精子超微結(jié)構(gòu)采用掃描電鏡和透射電鏡技術(shù)觀察:鲇精子由頭和尾兩部分組成,無頸部。精子頭部近球形,直徑1.85μm~2.51μm;頭部無頂體,內(nèi)有高度致密的細(xì)胞核染色體;頭部后方凹陷形成植入窩,內(nèi)有近端中心粒和遠(yuǎn)端中心粒;細(xì)胞核后方與質(zhì)膜間的空隙(稱袖套)內(nèi)富含細(xì)胞質(zhì)和線粒體、囊泡等細(xì)胞器。尾部細(xì)長,無主段、尾段之分,長44.3μm~50.7μm;橫切面呈圓形,直徑0.269μm~0.308μm;透過橫斷面可見,鲇精子尾部由軸絲和附屬纖維構(gòu)成,外有一層質(zhì)膜包裹,無側(cè)鰭;軸絲為典型的“9+2”結(jié)構(gòu)。5.精子活力觀察不同pH、水溫下鲇精子的快速運動時長和存活時長,結(jié)果表明:精子活力的適宜pH為7.0~8.5,p H 8.0時,精子活力最強;精子活力的適宜溫度為25℃~28℃,28℃時,精子活力最強。
[Abstract]:Silurus asotus (Silurus Silurus), the genus of catfish (Siluriformes), catfish family (Siluridae) and Silurus (Silurus). Catfish, juvenile, juvenile and mature male Silurus are used as the object. A systematic study of gonadogenesis and spermatozoa differentiation, spermatozoa development, mature spermary periodic changes, spermatozoon structure and sperm motility characteristics are studied. The main results are as follows: 1. catfish The occurrence of gonadal and spermary differentiation time begins at 3 days of age, and the emergence of the genital ridge is the beginning mark. The differentiation of gonadal differentiation occurs at the age of 18 days of age ~40: the ovarian differentiation begins at 18 days of age of the Silurus, marked by the formation of the ovary cavity, the ovarian differentiation is completed at the age of 24 days of the Silurus, and a large number of primary oocytes appear in the ovary; the spermary is in the ovary. The differentiation of the 30 day age is marked by the appearance of the vas deferens, and the differentiation of the spermary is completed at the age of 40 days of the Silurus. It is marked by the appearance of a large number of primary spermatocyte.2. Silurus Silurus spermatozoa in the seminal nest according to the morphological characteristics of the spermary, and the histological and cytological characteristics of the spermatogenesis. The spermary is divided into 6 stages from the differentiation to the mature stage: stage I spermary (2 month old). 1 pairs of filaments, transparent or yellowish, long "f2mm, heavy" f0.03g, a small amount of spermatogonial cells were found to be scattered among the interstitial cells; stage II spermatogonial (3 month old ~5 months of age) were "V" shaped, translucent or white, smooth surface, no obvious blood vessels, long "F35 mm, weight 0.02 g~0.12 g, tissue sections visible spermatogonial cells; 6 month old ~8 months (6 month old ~8 months)." The edges were uneven, slightly wrinkled, a small amount of capillaries, a light pink, 40 mm~62 mm long, 1 g~3.73 g, and a spermatocyte in the tissue section. The IV stage (9 month old ~11 months of age) showed an unmarked branching, white or pale red, a clear surface fold, a thick blood vessel, 81 mm~109 mm, a weight of 1.8 g~4.8 g, and tissue sections visible. Subcells; stage V nest, mature, clear branched, white or light red, 89 mm~117 mm long, heavy 2.34 g~5.0 g, and a large number of mature spermatozoa in tissue section; the VI phase spermary is a spermatozoa after the discharge of spermatozoa. The volume of the spermatozoa is shrinking, and the tissue section can be seen in a small amount of immature spermatozoa mature spermary in the spring (February ~4 month) spermatozoon. The nests are pale pink, not full, and the blood vessels are not obvious. The nest is white or light red in summer (May ~8 month), the blood vessel is significant, the maturation coefficient is 1.24%~1.83%, in stage IV to V; the spermary in July is fully mature, that is, in stage V, it can be artificially induced. In autumn (September ~11 month), the spermary of Silurus Silurus is white or rice yellow; Silurus has already row sperm. The seminal nest is atrophy and the mature coefficient decreases to 0.75%, in stage III, IV and VI. In winter (December ~ February), the spermary of Silurus Silurus is rice yellow. The spermatozoon spermary in.4. mature spermary is divided into white membrane and two parts. The essence is mainly composed of interlobular stroma, fine lobule, seminal vesicle and output tube. Interstitial cells are interstitial cells in the lobule. Microvascular and fibrous connective tissue. The seminiferous tubular structure is irregular. The wall of the spermatogonia is the origin of the spermatogenic cells. The seminal vesicles are honeycomb, crest and lacunae. The ultrastructure of.4. sperm in the storage area of mature sperm is observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy: the origin and tail two of the Silurus spermatozoa. A part of the neck without a neck. The head of the sperm is nearly spherical, with a diameter of 1.85 m~2.51 mu m; the head has no acrosome, with a highly dense nuclear chromosome in the head; a nests are formed in the rear of the head, with the proximal central grains and distal central grains; the space between the nucleus behind the nucleus and the plasma membrane (called the cuff) is rich in cytoplasm, mitochondria, vesicles and other organelles. The section is long, no main segment, tail segment, 44.3 m~50.7 mu m, the transverse section is round and the diameter is 0.269 m~0.308 mu m; through the cross section it is visible that the sperm tail of the catfish is made up of the axis silk and the accessory fiber, and there is a layer of plasma membrane and no side fin. The axis is a typical "9+2" structure.5. sperm vitality observation different pH and the rapid movement of Silurus spermatozoa under water temperature. Long and long survival time, the results showed that the optimum sperm motility was pH 7.0~8.5, P H 8, the sperm vitality was the strongest, the optimum temperature of sperm motility was 25 C ~28, and the sperm vitality was the strongest at 28.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.4

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