本文選題：機(jī)械收獲 + 機(jī)械沖擊　； 參考：《浙江理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國是世界林果種植大國,種類繁多、產(chǎn)量巨大。但是新鮮林果在鮮果市場中的供應(yīng)方式主要以人工采摘為主。雖然在果品采收過程中可以利用機(jī)械裝置代替手工勞動(dòng),但是不穩(wěn)定的采收效率和高比例的果實(shí)損傷始終阻礙著采收設(shè)備的發(fā)展。為改善現(xiàn)有收獲設(shè)備的采收性能以及驗(yàn)證經(jīng)典動(dòng)力學(xué)采收模型,本學(xué)位論文開發(fā)了一種扁球型傳感器記錄林果在振動(dòng)采收過程的動(dòng)態(tài)信息,綜合評(píng)判林果所受沖擊情況,并對(duì)比理論分析結(jié)果找到差異。本文主要的工作和研究成果如下:1.分析了“電子果實(shí)”動(dòng)態(tài)信息獲取技術(shù)的基本原理,在已有果樹動(dòng)力學(xué)模型的研究基礎(chǔ)上建立了無柄果實(shí)的“果實(shí)-樹體”振動(dòng)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程,建立拉格朗日振動(dòng)微分方程并求解得到果實(shí)的單擺模型運(yùn)動(dòng)方程。研究果實(shí)與樹體的分離條件可知:當(dāng)在較小果實(shí)的情況下可忽略自身重力和切向慣性力作用,法向慣性力為影響果實(shí)脫落的主要參數(shù),即法向慣性力大于果實(shí)-樹體結(jié)合力。得到果實(shí)脫落的實(shí)際條件,這不僅從理論角度分析了果實(shí)脫落的影響因素也為電子果實(shí)對(duì)模型的驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)提供了依據(jù)。2.設(shè)計(jì)了電子果實(shí)各部分系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)。硬件部分主要采用Atmega-328p MCU、1GSD存儲(chǔ)模塊、7.4V電源模塊、ADXL345加速度檢測單元和3.3V穩(wěn)壓電路組成;控制系統(tǒng)的主要功能包括:I/O口阻態(tài)控制、傳感器初始化設(shè)置、振動(dòng)信號(hào)檢測、采集數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ);基于Matlab的上位機(jī)分析軟件能夠加載數(shù)據(jù)信息,采用Fourier算法處理采集信號(hào),并輸出振動(dòng)波形。3.完成了電子果實(shí)的檢測精度校核實(shí)驗(yàn)。由試驗(yàn)結(jié)果可知:電子果實(shí)的X軸檢測誤差范圍在5.6%-6.4%之間,Y軸檢測誤差范圍在4.4%-4.9%之間,Z軸檢測誤差范圍在3.3%-3.6%之間可以滿足農(nóng)業(yè)使用要求。對(duì)已建立的果實(shí)-樹體動(dòng)力學(xué)模型進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),通過4組驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)電子果實(shí)在慣性力的作用下擺幅為25.5mm,分離力為11.32N,理論模型計(jì)算值為17.25N,比果實(shí)-果柄結(jié)合力大,證明果實(shí)脫落過程中法向慣性力起主要作用。根據(jù)電子果實(shí)采集的運(yùn)動(dòng)加速度計(jì)算得到分離力為11.4N,所以根據(jù)理論模型計(jì)算的分離慣性力值可以滿足實(shí)際果實(shí)脫落條件。進(jìn)行了電子果實(shí)野外試驗(yàn),通過四組試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)可知:電子果實(shí)在采收過程中可分為采摘階段和下落階段兩大部分。采摘階段的平均沖擊最大值和平均沖擊均值分別為215g和123g,下落階段所產(chǎn)生的最大沖擊平均值和平均沖擊均值分別155g和76g。研究四組沖擊數(shù)據(jù)的機(jī)械沖擊分布模式不難發(fā)現(xiàn)超過190g的沖擊個(gè)數(shù)約占總比例的6%,150g-190g范圍內(nèi)的平均沖擊個(gè)數(shù)約占總比例的18%,100g到150g范圍內(nèi)的平均沖擊個(gè)數(shù)約占總沖擊個(gè)數(shù)的37%,50g-100g的機(jī)械沖擊平均個(gè)數(shù)約占總沖擊個(gè)數(shù)的6%。
[Abstract]:China is a big country of forest and fruit planting in the world, with a great variety and huge output. But the supply mode of fresh forest fruit in fresh fruit market is mainly artificial picking. Although manual labor can be replaced by mechanical devices in the process of fruit harvesting, unstable harvesting efficiency and high percentage of fruit damage always hinder the development of harvesting equipment. In order to improve the harvesting performance of the existing harvesting equipment and to verify the classical dynamic harvesting model, a flat spherical sensor was developed to record the dynamic information of the harvesting process in vibration. And compare the theoretical analysis results to find the difference. The main work and research results of this paper are as follows: 1. In this paper, the basic principle of "electronic fruit" dynamic information acquisition technology is analyzed. Based on the existing dynamic model of fruit tree, the vibration dynamic equation of "fruit tree" without handle fruit is established. The Lagrange vibration differential equation is established and the equation of motion of the fruit is obtained. The study on the separation condition of fruit and tree shows that the normal inertia force is the main parameter to affect the fruit shedding, that is, the normal inertial force is greater than the fruit-tree binding force when the fruit is smaller than the tangential inertial force and the normal inertial force is the main parameter affecting the fruit shedding. The actual conditions of fruit shedding were obtained, which not only analyzed the influencing factors of fruit shedding theoretically, but also provided the basis for the verification experiment of electronic fruit to the model. The system realization of electronic fruit is designed. The hardware is mainly composed of Atmega-328p MCUU 1GSD memory module (7.4V), ADXL345 acceleration detection unit and 3.3V voltage stabilizing circuit, the main functions of the control system include: I / O port resistance control, sensor initialization setting, vibration signal detection, data acquisition and storage. The upper computer analysis software based on Matlab can load the data information, use the Fourier algorithm to process the collected signal, and output the vibration waveform. 3. The testing accuracy of electronic fruit was verified. The results showed that the error range of X axis detection of electronic fruit was between 5.6% and 6.4%, and the error range of Y axis detection was between 4.4% and 4.9%. The error range of Z axis detection was between 3.3% and 3.6%, which could meet the requirements of agricultural application. The established fruit-tree dynamics model was verified by four groups of experiments. It was found that the electronic fruit swung 25.5 mm under the action of inertial force, the separation force was 11.32 N, and the calculated value of theoretical model was 17.25 N, which was greater than that of fruit and fruit stalk. It is proved that the normal inertial force plays a major role in the process of fruit shedding. The separation force is 11.4N according to the acceleration calculation of the electronic fruit collection, so the separation inertia force calculated by the theoretical model can satisfy the actual condition of fruit shedding. The field experiment of electronic fruit was carried out. Through four groups of experimental data, it can be concluded that the electronic fruit can be divided into two parts: picking stage and falling stage. The mean and average impact values of the harvest stage were 215g and 123g, respectively, and the mean values of the maximum impact and the average impact in the falling stage were 155g and 76g, respectively. It is not difficult to find that the number of shocks over 190g is about 6% of the total, and the average number of shocks in the range of 150g ~ 190g is about 18 / 100g to 150g / 150g, respectively, by studying the mechanical shock distribution model of the four groups of shock data. The average number of shocks in the range of 100g to 150g is about the total impact. The average number of mechanical shocks of 50 g to 100 g is about 6% of the total number of shocks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S225.93

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 梁曉娟;;果實(shí)質(zhì)量與補(bǔ)鈣[J];山西果樹;2009年05期

2 沈劍;鄭國良;王迦琳;王志江;;套袋對(duì)果實(shí)品質(zhì)影響研究現(xiàn)狀分析[J];華東森林經(jīng)理;2012年04期

3 馬全生;提高梨果實(shí)品質(zhì)的技術(shù)措施[J];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2000年04期

4 袁東升,袁占秋,陳新貞,陳文明;應(yīng)用果泰膜提高梨果實(shí)外觀質(zhì)量的試驗(yàn)初報(bào)[J];河北果樹;2005年03期

5 李輝;林河通;袁芳;林藝芬;陳藝暉;;不同濃度1-MCP處理對(duì)采后油g瞿喂檔謀Ｏ市вJ];農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào);2012年05期

6 李文光;;與果實(shí)品質(zhì)相關(guān)的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)因素[J];河北農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);1988年01期

7 苑克俊;;幾個(gè)果實(shí)質(zhì)量指標(biāo)的簡便測定方法[J];落葉果樹;2009年03期

8 陸秋農(nóng);M.福斯特博士在青島作的學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告[J];山東果樹;1980年03期

9 學(xué)士釗;提高蘋果商品質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)(三)[J];西北園藝;1999年02期

10 Laila;F.Hagagg;E.A.E.Genaidy;M.F.M.Shahin;N.S.Mustafa;H.S.A.Hassan;李雙;;腐植酸使用量對(duì)北西奈橄欖樹“皮夸爾”果實(shí)質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量的影響[J];腐植酸;2014年01期

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前5條

1 王成敏 陳建;健康：生態(tài) 綠色 有機(jī)[N];河北日?qǐng)?bào);2006年

2 灤南縣林業(yè)局 崔海燕;桃樹花果期管理存在的問題及對(duì)策[N];河北科技報(bào);2009年

3 河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝學(xué)院 張玉星;果樹花果管理關(guān)鍵技術(shù)[N];河北農(nóng)民報(bào);2007年

4 上海市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心;上海地區(qū)主要果樹八月管理技術(shù)要點(diǎn)[N];東方城鄉(xiāng)報(bào);2012年

5 中國農(nóng)科院鄭州果樹研究所研究員 馮義彬;果園初夏管理技術(shù)(上)[N];河南科技報(bào);2008年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 魏建梅;蘋果（Malus domestica Borkh.）果實(shí)質(zhì)地品質(zhì)發(fā)育及采后調(diào)控的生理和分子基礎(chǔ)[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前8條

1 王宇;梨樹不同授粉技術(shù)影響果實(shí)發(fā)育、品質(zhì)形成的機(jī)理研究[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

2 任東;對(duì)輥式油用牡丹果實(shí)脫莢分選裝置的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2016年

3 林樂鵬;面向林果振動(dòng)采收的電子果實(shí)設(shè)計(jì)與研究[D];浙江理工大學(xué);2017年

4 徐愛紅;蘋果不同授粉組合果實(shí)品質(zhì)發(fā)育生理研究[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

5 賈艷茹;鴨梨和京白梨果實(shí)質(zhì)地變化及其細(xì)胞壁多糖降解特性研究[D];河北科技師范學(xué)院;2012年

6 任艷會(huì);果實(shí)特征和后熟處理對(duì)紅陽獼猴桃內(nèi)在品質(zhì)的影響[D];四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

7 趙志磊;不同時(shí)期套袋對(duì)長富2蘋果品質(zhì)及果實(shí)發(fā)育的影響[D];河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2003年

8 王鑫;大棚及露地梨樹生長發(fā)育特點(diǎn)和果實(shí)生長模型研究[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

，

本文編號(hào)：1847410