本文選題：東北地區(qū) + 設(shè)施蔬菜��； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：根結(jié)線蟲病是設(shè)施蔬菜上的重要病害之一。由于氣候的變化和設(shè)施園藝的不斷發(fā)展,使得農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)上根結(jié)線蟲發(fā)生的更為普遍。因此,本文對(duì)東北地區(qū)設(shè)施蔬菜根結(jié)線蟲的發(fā)生情況、危害嚴(yán)重度及遺傳背景分析進(jìn)行了調(diào)查研究,結(jié)果如下:1.東北三省設(shè)施蔬菜根結(jié)線蟲的分布和危害情況本文于2016年在東北三省的不同市、縣共取樣調(diào)查30個(gè)點(diǎn),初步明確了東北地區(qū)溫室蔬菜根結(jié)線蟲的發(fā)生分布,在遼寧省大部分種植年限長(zhǎng)的設(shè)施蔬菜區(qū)均有發(fā)生根結(jié)線蟲,吉林省和黑龍江省只有兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)發(fā)現(xiàn)蔬菜根結(jié)線蟲的危害,一般發(fā)病率在65%以上,嚴(yán)重地區(qū)發(fā)病率均達(dá)到100%。其中,遼寧東南部的本溪市和營口市3個(gè)調(diào)查地點(diǎn)未發(fā)現(xiàn)根結(jié)線蟲;遼寧北部的鐵嶺市和阜新市發(fā)病較輕(兩市共采集4各樣本,發(fā)病率為100%,病情指數(shù)為10-50)。遼西地區(qū)共調(diào)查17個(gè)地點(diǎn),其中發(fā)病率為84%以上,發(fā)病嚴(yán)重的地點(diǎn)包括興城市、錦州市太和區(qū)十里臺(tái)村和河西村,綏中縣、凌海市和朝陽市調(diào)查點(diǎn)根結(jié)線蟲發(fā)病有輕有重,輕的病情指數(shù)僅為5-15,嚴(yán)重的達(dá)到75。遼寧省沈陽市、遼中區(qū)和新民市的蔬菜根結(jié)線蟲發(fā)生嚴(yán)重,病情指數(shù)為75-100。蔬菜根結(jié)線蟲的積年流行已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響了蔬菜的生產(chǎn)和品質(zhì),但是結(jié)合有效的防治措施,可以將經(jīng)濟(jì)損失控制在一定范圍之內(nèi)。2.東北地區(qū)設(shè)施蔬菜根結(jié)線蟲優(yōu)勢(shì)種群的鑒定對(duì)采自各地的根結(jié)線蟲樣本進(jìn)行了常規(guī)的形態(tài)學(xué)鑒定,并且采用分子生物學(xué)手段對(duì)鑒定結(jié)果加以驗(yàn)證,明確目前東北地區(qū)設(shè)施蔬菜根結(jié)線蟲優(yōu)勢(shì)種群均為南方根結(jié)線蟲(Meloidogyne.incognita)。3.東北地區(qū)蔬菜根結(jié)線蟲的遺傳背景分析將東北地區(qū)所采集到的根結(jié)線蟲樣本與其他省市的標(biāo)樣進(jìn)行了 ITS特異性序列的比對(duì)分析,根據(jù)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育進(jìn)化樹的關(guān)系得出:遼寧省的朝陽市、阜新市和綏中縣的樣本與山東省、江蘇省和福建省的樣本遺傳距離較近,興城市、凌海市和長(zhǎng)春市的樣本與北京市的樣本遺傳距離較近,大慶市和遼西地區(qū)的樣本與山東省和廣東省的樣本遺傳距離較近。
[Abstract]:Root-knot nematode disease is one of the most important diseases in vegetables. Because of the change of climate and the development of facility horticulture, root-knot nematodes are more common in agricultural production. Therefore, the occurrence, damage severity and genetic background analysis of vegetable root knot nematodes in Northeast China were investigated. The results are as follows: 1. Distribution and harm of vegetable root-knot nematode in three provinces of Northeast China in 2016, the occurrence and distribution of root-knot nematodes in greenhouse vegetables in Northeast China were preliminarily determined by sampling and investigating 30 points in different cities and counties in three provinces of Northeast China. Root knot nematodes were found in most of the vegetable and vegetable planting areas in Liaoning Province. In Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province, the harm of vegetable root knot nematodes was found in only two places. The general incidence rate was more than 65%, and the incidence rate in serious areas reached 100%. No root-knot nematode was found in three investigation sites of Benxi and Yingkou in southeastern Liaoning, and the incidence of root-knot nematode was relatively mild in Tieling and Fuxin in northern Liaoning (4 samples were collected from the two cities, the incidence rate was 100 and the disease index was 10-50). A total of 17 sites were investigated in western Liaoning, in which the incidence rate was over 84%. The sites with serious disease included Xingcheng, Shilitai Village and Hexi Village, Taihe District, Jinzhou City, Suizhong County, Linghai City and Chaoyang City. The mild disease index was only 5 to 15, with a severe rate of 75. 5%. The vegetable root knot nematodes in Shenyang, Liaozhong and Xinmin City of Liaoning Province are serious, and the disease index is 75-100. The annual prevalence of vegetable root knot nematodes has seriously affected the production and quality of vegetables, but combined with effective control measures, economic losses can be controlled within a certain range of .2. The identification of dominant population of vegetable root knot nematodes in Northeast China was carried out by routine morphological identification of samples collected from different parts of China, and the results were verified by molecular biological methods. The results showed that the dominant population of vegetable root knot nematodes in Northeast China was Meloidogyne.incognita.3. Genetic background Analysis of vegetable Root-knot nematodes in Northeast China ITS specific sequences were compared between the samples collected from Northeast China and other provinces and cities. According to the relationship of phylogenetic tree, it is concluded that the genetic distance of samples from Chaoyang, Fuxin and Suizhong counties in Liaoning Province is close to that of Shandong, Jiangsu and Fujian provinces. The genetic distance between the samples of Linghai City and Changchun is close to that of Beijing, and the genetic distance of samples from Daqing and western Liaoning is close to that of Shandong and Guangdong Province.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S436.3
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本文編號(hào)：1840064