本文選題：大豆 + 人工老化�。� 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：大豆含有豐富的脂質(zhì)和蛋白,還具有含水量高、吸濕性等特點(diǎn),在儲(chǔ)藏過(guò)程中容易發(fā)生變質(zhì)或者老化,影響大豆品質(zhì)。前人實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)老化導(dǎo)致大豆種子抗氧化酶活性降低,活性氧過(guò)量積累,MDA含量升高,表明老化伴隨著脂質(zhì)氧化損傷,但是并不清楚哪些脂質(zhì)更容易受到老化影響;此外,老化處理引起的脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化作用,在種子吸脹萌發(fā)過(guò)程是會(huì)被修復(fù)還是加劇,亦不清楚。本文以人工老化"中豆27"大豆種子為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,從脂質(zhì)組學(xué)的角度分析老化對(duì)大豆種子的主要脂質(zhì)和脂肪酸的影響,構(gòu)建大豆的脂質(zhì)圖譜;然后從抗氧化系統(tǒng)角度,研究脂質(zhì)變化與活性氧的聯(lián)系,以進(jìn)一步完善種子老化機(jī)理。獲得的主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.大豆胚軸中脂質(zhì)組成:大豆胚軸主要由脂肪酰類(lèi)(Fatty acyls,FA)、甘油酯類(lèi)(Glycerolipids,GL)、甘油磷脂類(lèi)(Glycerophspholipids,GP)、鞘脂類(lèi)(Sphingolipids,SP)、甾醇類(lèi)(Sterol lipids,ST)、異戊烯醇脂類(lèi)(Prenol lipids,PR)、糖脂類(lèi)(Saccharolipids,SL)、聚酮類(lèi)化合物(Polyketides,PK)8大類(lèi)組成。其中GL的相對(duì)含量最高,約占大豆脂質(zhì)總量的59.28%。大豆胚軸中甘油磷脂主要包括六類(lèi),分別是磷脂酰膽堿類(lèi)(Phosphatidylcholime,PC)、磷脂酷乙醇胺類(lèi)(Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine,PE)、磷脂酰絲氨酸類(lèi)(Phosphatidyserine,PS)、磷脂酰肌醇類(lèi)(Phosphatidylinositol,PI)、磷脂酸類(lèi)(Phosphatidicacid,PA)和磷脂酰甘油類(lèi)(Phosphatidylglycerol,PG)。其中PC含量最高,總量占磷脂總量的63%。大豆胚軸脂肪酸主要是由亞油酸、棕櫚酸和硬脂酸組成,其中亞油酸為不飽和脂肪酸,含量約占脂肪酸總量的55%;棕櫚酸和硬脂酸則為不飽和脂肪酸,含量分別約占脂肪酸總量的26.7%和 7.1%。2.老化處理對(duì)大豆胚軸脂質(zhì)總量的影響很小,而對(duì)不同類(lèi)別脂質(zhì)的相對(duì)含量影響較為明顯。主要體現(xiàn)在GL含量顯著增加,相對(duì)于未老化的種子胚軸,隨著發(fā)芽率的降低,其含量分別增加了 1.8%、3.3%和5.1%。而GP的含量卻顯著降低,相對(duì)于未老化的種子,發(fā)芽率為85%、46%和20%的種子分別降低了 5.8%、24.7和36%。老化導(dǎo)致脂肪酸含量顯著降低。此外,老化導(dǎo)致不飽和指數(shù)顯著降低。3.老化影響了細(xì)胞膜系統(tǒng)的完整性。PC是細(xì)胞膜脂的主要組分,總共有發(fā)現(xiàn)24種PC,其中溶血PC有9種。老化導(dǎo)致PC、PE、PA、PS和PI的含量顯著降低,但PG的含量卻隨著發(fā)芽率的降低而顯著上升,相對(duì)于未老化的種子,發(fā)芽率為85%、46%和20%的的種子中磷脂酰膽堿的含量分別降低了 5%、26.7%和38.2%。老化導(dǎo)致相對(duì)電導(dǎo)率上升,破壞了細(xì)胞膜結(jié)構(gòu),而且,發(fā)芽率越低,相對(duì)電導(dǎo)率越高。通過(guò)激光共聚焦顯微鏡,在老化胚軸中觀察到細(xì)胞外膜熒光減弱,胞內(nèi)熒光增強(qiáng),表明老化破壞了細(xì)胞膜結(jié)構(gòu)。老化導(dǎo)致MDA含量顯著增加,相對(duì)于未老化的種子,發(fā)芽率為80%、46%和20%種子的種子分別增加了 27%、144%和152%,表明老化導(dǎo)致膜脂質(zhì)發(fā)生過(guò)氧化作用。4.老化導(dǎo)致大豆胚軸活性氧的含量上升,同時(shí)還破壞了抗氧化系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致抗氧化劑及過(guò)氧化氫酶、抗壞血酸過(guò)氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽還原酶的活性降低,從而引起氧化還原平衡被破壞,加劇了活性氧的積累,導(dǎo)致過(guò)氧化傷害。5.吸脹可部分修復(fù)老化引起過(guò)氧化和脂質(zhì)改變。與吸脹Oh的種子相比,吸脹24h種子的抗氧化酶的活性得到顯著提高,表明吸脹24h可有效誘導(dǎo)胞內(nèi)抗氧化系統(tǒng)活性,有效清除ROS;與吸脹Oh種子中相反,吸脹24h種子胚軸中PC、PE、PA、PS和PI的含量都是先降低而后增加,表明吸脹24h種子膜系統(tǒng)的脂質(zhì)組成得到一定修復(fù);此外,吸脹24h種子相對(duì)電導(dǎo)率都比吸脹Oh種子低,證明吸脹可部分修復(fù)老化引起過(guò)氧化和脂質(zhì)改變。綜上所述,老化處理削弱了大豆胚軸內(nèi)的抗氧化系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致ROS大量積累。活性氧攻擊脂質(zhì)的不飽和鍵,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞膜的主要組分PC、PE、PA、PS和PI的含量顯著降低,同時(shí)也導(dǎo)致主要脂肪酸亞油酸、棕櫚酸和硬脂酸的含量顯著降低。從而破壞細(xì)胞膜功能與結(jié)構(gòu),引起種子活力下降。吸脹可能會(huì)激活胚軸中的抗氧化酶活性,從而部分修復(fù)老化所導(dǎo)致的過(guò)氧化及脂質(zhì)的改變。在老化前期,修復(fù)作用比較小,在老化后期,發(fā)芽率越低,老化處理對(duì)脂質(zhì)的影響以及吸脹對(duì)該作用的修復(fù)效果越顯著。
[Abstract]:Soybean is rich in lipid and protein, and has the characteristics of high moisture content and hygroscopicity. It is easy to deteriorate or aging during storage, which affects soybean quality. Previous experiments have found that aging leads to the decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity, excessive accumulation of active oxygen and the increase of MDA content, indicating that aging is accompanied by lipid oxidative damage. It is not clear which lipid is more susceptible to aging; in addition, it is not clear whether the lipid peroxidation caused by aging treatment will be repaired or intensified during seed expansion and germination. In this paper, the artificial aging "Zhong bean 27" soybean seed was used as the experimental material to analyze the main lipid of aging soybean seeds from the angle of liposome. The lipid profile of the soybean was constructed and the relationship between the lipid changes and reactive oxygen species was studied from the angle of antioxidant system to further improve the mechanism of seed aging. The main results obtained are as follows: 1. the lipid composition in Soybean Hypocotyls: the soybean hypocotyls are mainly fatty acyl (Fatty acyls, FA), glycerol esters (Glycerolipids, GL). Glycerophspholipids (GP), Sphingolipids (SP), sterols (Sterol lipids, ST), isoamyl alcohol lipids (Prenol lipids, PR), glycolipid (Saccharolipids, SL) and polyketones, which have the highest relative content, which account for glycerin and phosphorus in soybean hypocotyls. Lipids mainly include six types: phosphatidylcholine (Phosphatidylcholime, PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, PE), phosphatidyl serine (Phosphatidyserine, PS), phosphatidylinositol (Phosphatidylinositol, PI), phosphatidic acid (Phosphatidicacid, PA) and phosphatidyl glycerol (Phosphatidylglycerol, PG). The 63%. soybean hypocotyl fatty acids with the highest PC content and total amount of phospholipid are mainly composed of linoleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, in which linoleic acid is unsaturated fatty acid, the content is about 55% of the total fatty acid, and palmitic acid and stearic acid are unsaturated fatty acids, and the content is about 26.7% and 7.1%.2. aging treatment of fatty acids. The influence of the total amount of lipid on the soybean hypocotyl was small, but the relative content of different kinds of lipids was more obvious. It was mainly reflected in the increase of GL content. Compared with the immature seed hypocotyl, the content of GP increased with the decrease of germination rate, but the content of GP decreased significantly, compared with the immature seeds. The germination rate of 85%, 46% and 20% decreased by 5.8%, 24.7 and 36%., which led to a significant decrease in fatty acid content. In addition, aging leads to a significant reduction in the.3. aging effect on the integrity of the cell membrane system.PC is the main component of the cell membrane lipid, and a total of 24 kinds of PC are found, including 9 kinds of hemolytic PC. Aging leads to PC, PE, PA, PS and The content of PI decreased significantly, but the content of PG increased significantly with the decrease of germination rate. The content of phosphatidylcholine in the seeds of 85%, 46% and 20% decreased by 5% compared with those of the non aged seeds, and the relative electrical conductivity increased by 26.7% and 38.2%. aging, breaking the cell membrane structure, and the lower the germination rate, the relative electricity was relatively low. The higher the conductivity was, the fluorescence of the outer membrane was weakened and the intracellular fluorescence was enhanced by laser confocal microscopy, indicating that aging destroyed the cell membrane structure. Aging resulted in a significant increase in MDA content. The germination rate was 80%, 46% and 20% seeds were increased by 27%, 144% and 152%, respectively, compared with those of the immature seeds. The oxidative effect of membrane lipid peroxidation caused.4. aging to increase the content of active oxygen in soybean hypocotyls, and also destroyed the antioxidant system, which resulted in the reduction of antioxidants and catalase, the activity of ascorbic acid peroxidase and glutathione reductase, which resulted in the oxidation of the original balance and the accumulation of active oxygen. The oxidative damage caused by peroxidation can partially repair oxidation and lipid changes caused by aging. Compared with the seeds of the bloated Oh, the activity of antioxidant enzymes of the expanded 24h seeds is significantly improved, which indicates that the swelling 24h can effectively induce the activity of the intracellular antioxidant system and effectively clear the ROS, contrary to the Oh seeds of the bloated 24h seed, PC, PE, PA, P in the embryo axis of the 24h seed. The content of S and PI decreased first and then increased, indicating that the lipid composition of the bloated 24h seed membrane system was repaired. In addition, the relative conductivity of the imbibed 24h seed was lower than that of the bloated Oh seed, which proved that the swelling could partly repair the oxidation and lipid changes in the aging process. In conclusion, the aging treatment weakened the antioxidant system in the soybean hypocotyl. It leads to a large accumulation of ROS. The unsaturated bonds of reactive oxygen species attack lipids lead to a significant reduction in the content of the main components of the cell membrane, such as PC, PE, PA, PS and PI, and a significant decrease in the content of the main fatty acids, palmitic acid and stearic acid, which may destroy the function and structure of the cell membrane and cause the decrease of seed vigor. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in the axis, thus partially repairing the peroxide and lipid changes caused by aging. In the early age of aging, the repair effect is smaller. In the late aging, the lower the germination rate, the effect of aging treatment on the lipid and the more significant effect of the healing of the effect.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S565.1

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