本文選題：釀酒葡萄 + 葡萄酒　； 參考：《寧夏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：針對(duì)寧夏賀蘭山東麓釀酒葡萄主栽區(qū)存在大水漫灌引起的水資源浪費(fèi)、釀酒葡萄與葡萄酒品質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定等問(wèn)題,以5年生釀酒葡萄“赤霞珠”為試材,通過(guò)田間試驗(yàn),采用滴灌下調(diào)虧灌溉方法,探討調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)釀酒葡萄生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)以及葡萄酒質(zhì)量的影響,揭示調(diào)虧灌溉與各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)間的相互關(guān)系,以期確定最佳調(diào)虧灌溉程度和時(shí)期,建立穩(wěn)定的調(diào)虧灌溉制度,完善釀酒葡萄品質(zhì)監(jiān)控體系,為推動(dòng)賀蘭山東麓釀酒葡萄節(jié)水灌溉和優(yōu)質(zhì)高效栽培提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)葡萄生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響:隨著調(diào)虧灌溉程度的增加,副梢長(zhǎng)、新梢長(zhǎng)以及副梢發(fā)生數(shù)均呈減少趨勢(shì),對(duì)葉面積也產(chǎn)生抑制作用,尤其50%CK處理下葉面積相比CK減少了 14.42%;90%CK處理提高了葉柄全氮、全磷含量,相比80%CK處理來(lái)說(shuō),關(guān)鍵生育期調(diào)虧灌溉有利于葉柄全鉀含量的提升,同時(shí),顯著降低了秋梢發(fā)生數(shù)。膨大期-著色期灌水3次有助于增加百葉鮮重。(2)調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)葡萄生理功能的影響:SPAD值隨著調(diào)虧灌溉程度的增加表現(xiàn)為減少趨勢(shì),葉片凈光合速率以及蒸騰速率在一天內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)雙峰變化,調(diào)虧灌溉降低了凈光合速率,但80%CK處理提高正午時(shí)段的水分有效利用率。膨大期-著色期灌水3次有助于提升SPAD值,同時(shí),對(duì)凈光合速率蒸騰速率、水分有效利用率有明顯提升作用。此外,在花后50d,丙二醛、脯氨酸以及可溶性糖的含量均呈現(xiàn)顯著增加趨勢(shì),座果期-膨大期灌水3次,膨大期-著色期灌水4次顯著降低了可溶性蛋白含量,并提升CAT活性。(3)調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)葡萄園土壤理化性質(zhì)的影響:土壤水分隨著調(diào)虧程度加深總體表現(xiàn)為先增加后減少的趨勢(shì),80%CK處理下土壤水分變化較為穩(wěn)定;調(diào)虧灌溉可顯著增加20-40 cm根活力,膨大期-著色期灌水3次相比80%CK根活力增加了 12.42%;此外,80%CK處理提高了脲酶、堿性磷酸酶以及蔗糖酶的活性。相關(guān)性系數(shù)矩陣表明根活力與蔗糖酶活性以及過(guò)氧化氫酶活性均呈顯著正相關(guān),土壤含水量與根活力呈現(xiàn)極顯著正相關(guān)。(4)調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)葡萄產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響:80%CK處理提高了釀酒葡萄的可溶性固形物和還原糖含量,同時(shí)降低了可滴定酸含量,還提高了總酚含量;花色苷含量在70%CK處理下最高,CK與50%CK兩個(gè)處理的單寧含量得到明顯提升;相比80%CK處理來(lái)說(shuō),膨大期-著色期灌水3次處理下可溶性固形物增加了 2.95%;還原糖含量相對(duì)增加了 0.91%,花色苷增加了 2.63%,保持單寧含量處于合理范圍:此外,膨大期-著色期適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)虧灌溉有助于增加果穗長(zhǎng)但降低粒徑,產(chǎn)量略有減少。(5)調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)葡萄酒品質(zhì)的影響:調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)葡萄酒pH影響不大,酒精度、殘?zhí)请S著調(diào)虧灌溉程度增加表現(xiàn)為先增加后降低趨勢(shì),干浸出物與酒精度成反比,80%CK處理提高了色度含量。初次發(fā)酵后80%CK處理葡萄酒花色苷含量顯著增加,二次發(fā)酵結(jié)束后80%CK處理單寧含量顯著降低,但總酚含量最高,相對(duì)CK增幅為28.74%。關(guān)鍵生育期調(diào)虧灌溉均能增加葡萄酒花色苷含量,膨大期-著色期灌水3次處理下酒的總酚增加了 6.42%;通過(guò)建立相關(guān)系數(shù)矩陣可以得出:pH與總酸呈現(xiàn)極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)達(dá)到0.95,干浸出物與殘?zhí)浅尸F(xiàn)極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),色度與總酚、花色苷呈現(xiàn)極顯著正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.92、0.93,基于主成分分析法進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)得出80%CK處理下葡萄酒評(píng)分最高,即質(zhì)量最佳。
[Abstract]:In view of the waste of water resources caused by flood irrigation in the main planting area of the Shandong foothills of Helan, Ningxia, and the instability of wine grape and wine quality, the 5 year old wine grape "Cabernet Sauvignon" was used as the test material. The field experiment was carried out to discuss the growth and development of wine grape and yield and quality by drip irrigation. As well as the influence of wine quality, the relationship between regulation deficit irrigation and various indexes is revealed, in order to determine the best degree and period of irrigation and deficit irrigation, establish a stable regulation of deficit irrigation, improve the quality monitoring system of wine grapes, and provide scientific basis for promoting water saving irrigation and high quality and efficient cultivation of wine grapes in the Shandong foothills of Helan. The results are as follows: (1) the effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on the growth and development of grapes: with the increase of the degree of deficit irrigation, the length of the tip, the length of the shoot and the number of the tip of the leaves decrease, and the leaf area also inhibits the leaf area, especially the area of the leaves of the 50%CK treatment is 14.42% less than that of the CK; the 90%CK treatment improves the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the petiole, compared with the 80%CK. At the same time, 3 times of coloring period irrigation could help to increase the fresh weight of the leaf. (2) the effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on the physiological function of grape: the SPAD value decreased with the increase of regulation deficit irrigation range and the net photosynthetic rate of leaves. And the transpiration rate showed Shuangfeng changes in one day, and regulated deficit irrigation reduced the net photosynthetic rate, but 80%CK treatment improved the effective utilization of water in the midday period. The 3 times of the swollen period - coloring period was helpful to improve the SPAD value. At the same time, the net photosynthetic rate transpiration rate and the effective utilization of water had a significant improvement. In addition, 50D, C after the flower. The content of two aldehyde, proline and soluble sugar showed a significant increase, 3 times in the pedestal period, and 3 times in the expansion period. The soluble protein content was significantly reduced by 4 times of the coloring period irrigation, and the CAT activity was promoted. (3) the effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on the physical and chemical properties of the vineyard soil: the overall performance of soil moisture with the increase of the degree of regulation increased first. In addition, the trend of soil moisture content under 80%CK treatment was more stable; regulated deficit irrigation could significantly increase the activity of 20-40 cm root, and 3 times of coloring phase irrigation increased the activity of 80%CK root by 12.42%; in addition, 80%CK treatment improved the activity of urease, alkaline phosphatase and sucrase. The correlation coefficient matrix showed that root activity and sucrose There was a significant positive correlation between enzyme activity and catalase activity. The soil water content and root activity showed significant positive correlation. (4) the effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on the yield and quality of grape: 80%CK treatment improved the soluble solid and reducing sugar content of wine grape, reduced the titratable acid content, and increased the total phenol content; anthocyanin The content of tannins in two treatments of CK and 50%CK was significantly increased under the treatment of 70%CK. Compared with 80%CK treatment, the soluble solids increased by 2.95% under the 3 treatment period of the coloring period; the reducing sugar content increased by 0.91%, anthocyanins increased by 2.63%, and the tannin content was in a reasonable range: in addition, the swelling period - The appropriate deficit irrigation during the coloring period could help to increase the ear length but reduce the grain size and reduce the yield slightly. (5) the effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on wine quality: the effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on wine pH was not significant, the alcohol degree was increased first and then decreased with the increase of the degree of regulated deficit irrigation, and the dry leach was inversely proportional to the alcohol degree, and the 80%CK treatment was carried out. After the first fermentation, the content of anthocyanins in 80%CK treatment increased significantly. After the two fermentation, the content of tannin in 80%CK treatment was significantly lower, but the content of total phenol was the highest. The relative CK increase was 28.74%. key growth period regulation deficit irrigation can increase the content of anthocyanins in wine, and the total phenol in the expanded period - coloring period was treated with 3 times of total phenol. The increase of 6.42% is 6.42%. By establishing the correlation coefficient matrix, it can be found that there is a very significant negative correlation between the total acid and the total acid, the correlation coefficient reaches 0.95, the dry leach has a very significant negative correlation with the residual sugar, the chromaticity and the total phenol, anthocyanins have a very significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficient is 0.92,0.93, based on the principal component analysis to make a comprehensive evaluation of 80%CK The highest quality is the quality of the wine.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S663.1;TS262.6

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