本文選題：閩楠 + 病原菌��； 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：閩楠(Phoebe bournei),俗稱楠木,木材芳香,材質(zhì)致密堅(jiān)韌,是上等家具用材,被列為國(guó)家珍稀瀕危樹(shù)種。楠木在福建等地栽有大面積人工林,但因生物多樣性匱乏,林分結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性差,造成林分抗逆性差,病害頻繁暴發(fā)。因此,本文以楠木葉斑病和潰瘍病為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)兩種病害的病原進(jìn)行分離鑒定,并對(duì)病原進(jìn)行生物學(xué)特性測(cè)定、化學(xué)殺菌劑和植物源提取物室內(nèi)篩選,結(jié)果如下:1.病原菌鑒定及生物學(xué)測(cè)定楠木葉斑病:應(yīng)用柯赫法則進(jìn)行病原分離,通過(guò)形態(tài)學(xué)觀測(cè)結(jié)合rDNA-ITS序列比對(duì),確定該病原為小孢擬盤(pán)多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis microspora)。生物學(xué)特性測(cè)定結(jié)果表明,病原菌菌絲以查彼培養(yǎng)基(pH5.0)在28℃黑暗條件下生長(zhǎng)最好,最適碳源為葡萄糖,最適氮源為蛋白胨;最適產(chǎn)孢量以PDA培養(yǎng)基(pH8.0)在28℃黑暗條件下生長(zhǎng)最好;菌絲致死溫度為50℃,分生孢子致死溫度為60℃。楠木潰瘍病:通過(guò)形態(tài)學(xué)測(cè)定結(jié)合rDNA-ITS序列比對(duì),確定該病原為淡色生赤殼菌(Bionectria ochroleuca)。菌絲以PDA+楠木煎汁培養(yǎng)基(pH6.0)在25℃黑暗條件下生長(zhǎng)最好,全光照下整個(gè)菌株變色為橘黃色,最適碳源為麥芽糖,最適氮源為硝酸鉀;最適產(chǎn)孢量以PDA培養(yǎng)基(pH7.0)在25℃全黑暗條件下生長(zhǎng)最好;菌絲致死溫度為55℃,分生孢子致死溫度為65℃。2.室內(nèi)毒力測(cè)定小孢擬盤(pán)多毛孢菌:殺菌劑室內(nèi)篩選結(jié)果表明,曹氏甲托(70%甲基硫菌靈)、多錳鋅(16%多菌靈和34%代森錳鋅)和惡霉靈對(duì)該病原菌絲的抑制效果顯著,EC50值分別為0.12μg·mL-1、0.68μg·mL-1和27.1 μg.L-1,其中,多錳鋅和曹氏甲拖對(duì)分生孢子萌發(fā)抑制效果良好,建議采用多錳鋅和曹氏甲托作為該病害田間防治試驗(yàn)藥劑進(jìn)一步篩選。淡色生赤殼菌:室內(nèi)篩選結(jié)果表明,世高(10%苯醚甲環(huán)硅)和曹氏甲托(70%甲基硫菌靈)對(duì)該病原菌抑制效果顯著,EC50值分別為0.32μg·mL-1和1.16μg·mL-1,其中世高對(duì)該致病菌分生孢子抑制效果良好,建議使用世高作為該病害田間防治試驗(yàn)藥劑進(jìn)一步篩選。3.植物提取物抑菌性測(cè)定小孢擬盤(pán)多毛孢菌:測(cè)定結(jié)果表明,黃柏、黃連、知母和遠(yuǎn)志對(duì)菌絲具有較好的抑菌性,抑制率分別為84.13%、68.65%、63.48%和52.58%。其中,黃連和黃柏對(duì)孢子抑制效果相對(duì)較好。淡色生赤殼菌:測(cè)定結(jié)果表明,黃連、黃柏和知母對(duì)菌絲具有較好的抑菌性,其抑制率分別為80.73%、54.55%和50.10%。其中,知母對(duì)孢子抑制效果相對(duì)較好。
[Abstract]:Phoebe bourneig, commonly known as nanmu, wood fragrance, dense and tough material, is the best furniture wood, is listed as a rare and endangered national tree species. Nanmu planted in Fujian and other places has a large area of artificial forest, but because of the lack of biodiversity, the stability of stand structure is poor, resulting in poor stand resistance, frequent outbreaks of disease. Therefore, the pathogen of leaf spot and canker of Nanmu was isolated and identified, the biological characteristics of the pathogen were determined, and the chemical fungicides and plant extracts were screened in laboratory. The results were as follows: 1. Identification of pathogenic bacteria and biological determination of leaf spot of Nanmu: the pathogen was isolated by Koch's rule. The pathogen was identified as Pestalotiopsis microspora by morphological observation combined with rDNA-ITS sequence alignment. The results showed that the pathogen mycelium grew best under dark conditions at 28 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1831808