本文選題：水稻秸稈 + 木質(zhì)纖維素　； 參考：《塔里木大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文旨在通過試驗(yàn)研究不同微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)稻秸發(fā)酵品質(zhì)、營養(yǎng)成分及分子結(jié)構(gòu)的影響;通過尼龍袋試驗(yàn)評(píng)定不同微生態(tài)制劑處理稻秸對(duì)瘤胃降解特性的影響。本研究共完成3個(gè)部分,具體內(nèi)容如下:試驗(yàn)一稻秸原料的營養(yǎng)成分及纖維素四級(jí)分子結(jié)構(gòu)本研究旨在探索稻秸原料的營養(yǎng)成分及纖維素四級(jí)分子結(jié)構(gòu)特性。以水稻秸稈為試驗(yàn)材料,采用粉碎處理,利用實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)方法分析稻秸原料的干物質(zhì)(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗滌纖維(NDF)、酸性洗滌纖維(ADF)、纖維素(C)、半纖維素(HC)、木質(zhì)素(ADL)含量。采用苯酚硫酸法、4,4′二羧酸-2,2′-喹啉(BCA)法、近紅外光譜(FTIR)、X-射線衍射分析(XRD)和伊紅美蘭法分析稻秸原料的分子結(jié)構(gòu)特性。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:1)營養(yǎng)素層面,稻秸原料的干物質(zhì)(DM)含量為25.91%FM,粗蛋白(CP)含量為37.13 g/kg DM,中性洗滌纖維(NDF)、酸性洗滌纖維(ADF)、纖維素(C)、半纖維素(HC)、木質(zhì)素(ADL)含量分別為778.22、514、438.84、264.22、75.16g/kg DM。2)分子結(jié)構(gòu)層面,聚合度高達(dá)430,其峰位1098 cm-1(結(jié)晶纖維素),1375 cm-1(C-H彎曲振動(dòng)),1427 cm-1(紫丁香基和愈創(chuàng)木基縮合物),1515 cm-1(芳香族骨架)4個(gè)特征官能團(tuán)化學(xué)鍵的結(jié)合力較強(qiáng)。其纖維素結(jié)晶度為47.52%,比表面積為1.105 m2/g。綜上可知,稻秸原料的營養(yǎng)成分及分子結(jié)構(gòu)兩方面的物料特性。試驗(yàn)二不同微生態(tài)制制劑對(duì)稻秸營養(yǎng)成分及四級(jí)分子結(jié)構(gòu)的影響本研究旨在探索不同微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)稻秸發(fā)酵品質(zhì)、營養(yǎng)成分及分子結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。以水稻秸稈為試驗(yàn)材料,采用不同酶、菌制劑配伍進(jìn)行處理,分析其對(duì)水稻秸稈微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,試驗(yàn)設(shè)9個(gè)處理:對(duì)照組(CK)、復(fù)合酶制劑處理組(C)、果膠酶+漆酶處理組(PL)、復(fù)合酶制劑+果膠酶+漆酶處理組(CL)植物乳酸桿菌處理(LP)、布氏乳酸桿菌處理(LB)、植物乳酸桿菌+布氏乳酸桿菌處理(LPB)、復(fù)合酶制劑+果膠酶+漆酶+植物乳酸桿菌(CLP)、復(fù)合酶制劑+果膠酶+漆酶+植物乳酸桿菌+布氏乳酸桿菌(CLPB)。采用聚乙烯袋袋裝發(fā)酵,貯藏45 d后取樣,采用實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)方法、苯酚硫酸法、BCA法、FTIR法、XRD法和伊紅美蘭法分析不同酶、菌制劑或組合處理的稻秸的營養(yǎng)成分、發(fā)酵品質(zhì)及微觀結(jié)構(gòu)變化。結(jié)果表明:1)營養(yǎng)素層面,與對(duì)照組(CK組)相比,酶制劑處理組(C、PL、CPL)的乳酸(LA)含量顯著增加(P0.05),pH值、乙酸(AA)、氨態(tài)氮/總氮(ATN/TN)值、DM、纖維素含量均顯著降低(P0.05);菌制劑處理組(LP、LB、LPB)的pH值、丙酸含量、氨態(tài)氮/總氮(ATN/TN)值、粗蛋白質(zhì)含量及纖維素含量均顯著降低(P0.05),干物質(zhì)(DM)、半纖維素含量和木質(zhì)素含量均變化不顯著(P0.05);復(fù)合酶菌制劑處理組處理組(CLP、CLPB)乳酸(LA)、乙酸(AA)、干物質(zhì)(DM)含量顯著提高(P0.05),pH、氨態(tài)氮/總氮(ATN/TN)值、纖維素、半纖維素、木質(zhì)素及粗蛋白含量均顯著降低(P0.05)。2)分子結(jié)構(gòu)層面,與對(duì)照組相比,酶制劑處理(C、PL、CL)對(duì)稻秸聚合度產(chǎn)生顯著影響(P0.05),降低幅度分別為30.26%、27.11%、56.32%,分子間氫鍵結(jié)合力減弱,其中酶制劑處理組(C、PL)結(jié)晶度與比表面積無顯著變化,酶制劑處理組(CL)處理組有降低結(jié)晶度和增加比表面積的趨勢(shì);菌制劑處理(LP、LB、LPB)對(duì)稻秸的聚合度有顯著影響(P0.05),聚合度分比為246、216及214,分子間氫鍵結(jié)合力減弱,結(jié)晶度無顯著變化(P0.05),對(duì)比表面積有顯著影響(P0.05);復(fù)合酶菌制劑(CLP、CLPB)顯著降低了聚合度(P0.05),降低幅度分別為47.37%,46.59%,分子間氫鍵結(jié)合力減弱,顯著降低了結(jié)晶度及比表面積(P0.05)。綜上,酶制劑處理組(CL)、復(fù)合酶菌制劑處理組(CLP、CLPB)降解纖維組分的效果最理想,能有效地破解細(xì)胞壁中木質(zhì)素-纖維素-半纖維素復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),將纖維素降解為可利用的糖,提高水稻秸稈飼料的營養(yǎng)含量,降低聚合度及結(jié)晶度,增大比表面積,從而提高秸稈的可消化性及利用率。試驗(yàn)三不同微生態(tài)制劑處理稻秸對(duì)瘤胃降解特性的影響本試驗(yàn)旨在研究不同微生態(tài)制劑處理的稻秸飼料對(duì)瘤胃降解特性的影響。試驗(yàn)利用酶制劑、菌制劑進(jìn)行配伍共設(shè)有9個(gè)處理組,選取6頭健康的、體重相近的裝有瘺管的杜寒羊F1代雜交羯羊,采用半體內(nèi)法(in situ)測(cè)定處理后稻秸飼料0、12、24、36、48、72 h6個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的干物質(zhì)(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗滌纖維(NDF)、酸性洗滌纖維(ADF)、纖維素、半纖維素、木質(zhì)素的瘤胃降解率。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:酶制劑處理組(C、PL、CL),菌制劑處理組(LP、LB、LPB)、復(fù)合酶菌制劑處理組(CLP、CLPB)各個(gè)時(shí)間的干物質(zhì)(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗滌纖維(NDF)、酸性洗滌纖維(ADF)、纖維素、半纖維素、木質(zhì)素降解效果均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05),各處理組之間降解程度不一。其中,酶制劑處理組(CL)及復(fù)合酶菌制劑處理組(CLP、CLPB)的降解效果最優(yōu)。
[Abstract]:The effects of different microecological agents on the fermentation quality, nutrient composition and molecular structure of rice straw were studied in this paper. The effects of different microecological agents on the degradation characteristics of rice straw were evaluated through the nylon bag test. 3 parts were completed in this study. The contents of this study were as follows: the nutritional components and cellulose of rice straw raw materials were tested. The four level molecular structure was designed to explore the nutritional components of rice straw and the four molecular structure of cellulose. Using rice straw as the test material, the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid washing fiber (ADF), cellulose (C), semi fiber were analyzed by the laboratory testing method. The content of lignin (HC) and lignin (ADL). The molecular structure characteristics of rice straw were analyzed by phenol sulfuric acid method, 4,4 'two carboxylic acid -2,2' - quinoline (BCA) method, near infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X- ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and yimorn method. The results showed that the content of dry matter (DM) of rice straw was 25.91%FM, and the content of crude protein (CP) was 1). 37.13 g/kg DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid washing fiber (ADF), cellulose (C), hemicellulose (HC), lignin (ADL) content are 778.22514438.84264.22,75.16g/kg DM.2, respectively, at the molecular structure level, and the degree of polymerization is up to 430, its peak position 1098 cm-1 (crystalline cellulose), 1375 cm-1 (C-H bending vibration), 1427 (lilac and guaiacy) The combination of 1515 cm-1 (aromatic skeleton) 4 characteristic functional group chemical bonds is stronger. Its cellulose crystallinity is 47.52% and the surface area is 1.105 m2/g.. The nutritional components and molecular structure of rice straw materials are found in two aspects. Two different microbiological preparation for rice straw nutrition and four molecular structure The effect of this study was to explore the effects of different microecological agents on the fermentation quality, nutrient composition and molecular structure of rice straw. Using rice straw as the experimental material, the effects of different enzymes and bacteria preparations were used to analyze the effect of the rice straw on the microstructure of rice straw. The experiment set up 9 points: the control group (CK), the compound enzyme preparation treatment group (C) and pectinase. + laccase treatment group (PL), compound enzyme preparation + laccase + laccase treatment group (CL) plant lactobacillus treatment (LP), Lactobacillus brucellus treatment (LB), Lactobacillus + Lactobacillus brucellus treatment (LPB), compound enzyme preparation + laccase + plant lactobacillus (CLP), compound enzyme preparation + laccase + laccase + plant Lactobacillus + Brucella lactic acid rod Bacteria (CLPB). A polyethylene bag was fermented and stored for 45 d after storage. The nutrient components, fermentation quality and microstructure of the rice straw were analyzed by laboratory testing, phenol sulfuric acid method, BCA, FTIR, XRD and yimorn method. The results showed that: 1) the nutrient level was compared with the control group (CK group). The content of lactic acid (LA) in the enzyme preparation group (C, PL, CPL) increased significantly (P0.05), pH value, acetic acid (AA), ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen (ATN/TN) value, DM, and cellulose content decreased significantly (P0.05), the content of propionic acid, ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen, crude protein content and cellulose content were significantly reduced. DM, hemicellulose content and lignin content were not significantly changed (P0.05); the content of CLP, CLPB, acetic acid (AA) and dry matter (DM) content increased significantly (P0.05), pH, ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen (ATN/TN), cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and crude protein content significantly decreased (P0.05).2) molecular structure layer. Compared with the control group, the enzyme preparation (C, PL, CL) had a significant effect on the degree of polymerization of rice straw (P0.05), and the decrease was 30.26%, 27.11%, 56.32%, respectively, and the hydrogen bond binding force was weakened, among which the crystallinity of the enzyme preparation group (C, PL) was not significantly changed with the specific surface area, and the enzyme preparation group (CL) treatment group had lower crystallinity and increase ratio. The area trend; LP (LB, LPB) had a significant effect on the degree of polymerization of rice straw (P0.05), the ratio of degree of polymerization was 246216 and 214, the intermolecular hydrogen bond binding force was weakened, the crystallinity was not significantly changed (P0.05), and the surface area was significantly affected (P0.05). The degree of polymerization (P0.05) and the decrease were reduced significantly by the compound enzyme bacteria (CLP, CLPB). For 47.37%, 46.59%, the binding force of hydrogen bond between molecules was weakened, and the crystallinity and specific surface area (P0.05) were significantly reduced. In addition, the enzyme preparation group (CL), the effect of the composite enzyme preparation treatment group (CLP, CLPB) to degrade fiber components was the best. It could effectively solve the lignin cellulose hemicellulose complex structure in the cell wall and degrade cellulose into the cell wall. The use of sugar to improve the nutritional content of rice straw feed, reduce the degree of polymerization and crystallinity, increase the specific surface area, and thus improve the digestibility and utilization of straw. Experiment three different microecological agents on the effects of rice straw on rumen degradation characteristics were studied in this experiment to study the degradation of rumen degradation by rice straw treated with different microecological agents. A total of 9 treatment groups were set up with enzyme preparation and bacteria preparation, and 6 healthy and similar body weight F1 hybrids with fistulas were selected. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid were measured by the semi body method (in situ). The rumen degradation rate of ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The results showed that the enzyme preparation group (C, PL, CL), the treatment group (LP, LB, LPB), the dry matter (DM), the crude protein (CP), the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the acid washing fiber, the cellulose, hemicellulose in the treatment group of the compound enzyme preparation (CLP, CLPB). The degradation effect of lignin was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05), and the degradation degree of each treatment group was different. Among them, the degradation effect of the enzyme preparation group (CL) and the compound enzyme preparation treatment group (CLP, CLPB) was the best.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：塔里木大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S816

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