本文選題：水稻 + 分蘗期　； 參考：《黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：通過(guò)研究分蘗期氮水耦合對(duì)寒地水稻產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響,為分蘗期合理施氮灌溉提供理論依據(jù)。本試驗(yàn)于2015~2016年采用完全隨機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),研究了分蘗期施氮量和土壤水分管理,2個(gè)因素對(duì)粳稻墾粳5號(hào)產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響,旨在為黑龍江水稻高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)節(jié)水節(jié)肥生產(chǎn)提供理論參考和技術(shù)支持。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.墾粳5號(hào)整個(gè)生育期間各生育動(dòng)態(tài)指標(biāo)達(dá)到最佳時(shí)的處理不同,施用氮肥和水分供應(yīng)有利于提高分蘗成穗率,施氮量相對(duì)于水分而言對(duì)其影響更大。以N4S3最高,其次是N3S3,且與產(chǎn)量呈顯著正相關(guān)(r=0.523**)。葉面積指數(shù)在齊穗期時(shí)以處理N3S4最高,干物質(zhì)量在結(jié)實(shí)期時(shí)以處理N3S4最高,并與產(chǎn)量均呈正相關(guān)(r=0.127、r=0.205);莖、鞘輸出率、轉(zhuǎn)化率以處理N5S3及N4S4最高,莖、鞘輸出率分別達(dá)到了7.08%、27.71%,莖、鞘轉(zhuǎn)化率以處理N3S4及N3S5最高,達(dá)到了3.76%、19.17%,適宜的肥水配合下明顯提高水稻中后期的干物質(zhì)積累效果,進(jìn)而提高了產(chǎn)量。2.各生理指標(biāo)達(dá)最優(yōu)的處理不統(tǒng)一,但施氮量或水分過(guò)低過(guò)高均使生理指標(biāo)變差,分蘗期植株全氮含量N4S4最多。抽穗期功能葉硝酸還原酶活性的影響,以處理N4S4活性最高�？扇苄蕴呛恳蕴幚鞱3S3的達(dá)最大值,較常規(guī)對(duì)照增加了6.72%。除硝酸還原酶活性與食味評(píng)分間呈不顯著負(fù)相關(guān)以外,各生理指標(biāo)與產(chǎn)量及食味評(píng)分間均呈正相關(guān)。各指標(biāo)施氮量×水分間均存在極顯著的互作效應(yīng)(P0.01)。3.穗部上、中、下部位的一、二次枝梗數(shù)(除上部二次枝梗數(shù))及粒數(shù)、粒重與產(chǎn)量的相關(guān)性均達(dá)到了極顯著水平。2015及2016年均以施氮量為34.5kg·hm-2時(shí),水層灌溉深度時(shí)3cm時(shí)為最佳配置,2015年產(chǎn)量高達(dá)13105.26 kg·hm-2,較空白下增產(chǎn)153.33%,差異達(dá)極顯著水平;2016年產(chǎn)量達(dá)8937.28 kg·hm-2,較空白對(duì)照增產(chǎn)137.33%,差異達(dá)極顯著水平,且施氮量×水分間的互作對(duì)產(chǎn)量的影響達(dá)極顯著水平。4.在2015年,N3S3的食味評(píng)分比空白對(duì)照增加8.28%。在2016年,處理N3S3的食味評(píng)分最高,較常規(guī)對(duì)照增加1.02%。兩年試驗(yàn)結(jié)果說(shuō)明,N3S3為分蘗期氮水耦合水稻食味品質(zhì)最優(yōu)處理。施氮量×土壤水分管理之間的互作效應(yīng)極顯著(P0.01)。各品質(zhì)指標(biāo)得到明顯改善。氮肥和水分適宜的用量有利于水稻產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的提高。結(jié)果表明,分蘗期施氮量為34.5 kg·hm-2,水層灌溉深度為3cm時(shí)為本試驗(yàn)節(jié)水節(jié)肥最優(yōu)處理。
[Abstract]:The effects of nitrogen and water coupling at tillering stage on yield and quality of rice in cold region were studied to provide theoretical basis for rational nitrogen application in tillering stage. In this experiment, a complete random design was used to study the effects of nitrogen application rate and soil moisture management at tillering stage on the yield and quality of japonica rice Kenjing 5 from 2015 to 2016. The aim is to provide theoretical reference and technical support for high yield, high quality, water saving and fertilizer saving production of Heilongjiang rice. The main results are as follows: 1. The treatments of Kengjing 5 during the whole growth period were different when the growth dynamic indexes reached the best. The application of nitrogen fertilizer and water supply was beneficial to increase the panicle rate of tiller, and the amount of nitrogen application had a greater effect on it than water. N4S3 was the highest, followed by N _ 3S _ 3, and there was a significant positive correlation between N4S3 and yield. The leaf area index was highest in treatment N3S4 at full heading stage, the highest in dry matter quality at fruiting stage, and positively correlated with yield, the output rate of stem and sheath was highest in treatment N5S3 and N4S4, the output rate of stem and sheath was 27.71, and the output rate of stem and sheath was 27.71, respectively, and the output rate of stem and sheath was the highest, and the output rate of stem and sheath was the highest. The sheath conversion rate was the highest in the treatment of N3S4 and N3S5, and reached 3.76 ~ 19.17. The dry matter accumulation in the middle and late stage of rice was obviously increased with the suitable combination of fertilizer and water, and the yield was increased by .2. The treatments with optimum physiological indexes were not uniform, but the nitrogen application rate or too high water content made the physiological indexes worse, and the total nitrogen content (N4S4) was the highest at tillering stage. The effect of nitrate reductase activity in functional leaves at heading stage was the highest in the treatment of N4S4. The content of soluble sugar in the treatment of N3S3 reached the maximum value, which increased 6.72% compared with the conventional control. There was no significant negative correlation between nitrate reductase activity and taste score, but there was a positive correlation between physiological indexes and yield and taste score. There was a very significant interaction effect between N application amount and water content in each index (P0.01U. 3). The correlation of the number of primary and secondary branches (except the upper secondary branches) and the number of grains, grain weight and yield in the upper, middle and lower parts of ear reached the extremely significant level. When the amount of nitrogen applied was 34.5kg hm-2 in 2015 and 2016, the correlation between grain weight and yield was very significant. The yield of 13105.26 kg hm ~ (-2) at 3cm irrigation depth was increased to 153.33. The difference reached a very significant level and 8937.28 kg 路hm ~ (-2), 137.33% higher than the blank control, the difference reached a very significant level, and the difference was very significant, compared with the blank control, the yield of the water layer irrigation was 13105.26 kg 路hm ~ (-2), and the difference was very significant. The effect of nitrogen application amount 脳 water content on yield was significant. 4. In 2015, the taste score of N 3 S 3 increased 8.28% compared with the control. In 2016, N3S3 had the highest taste score, with an increase of 1.02g compared with the normal control. The results of two years experiment showed that N _ 3s _ 3 was the best treatment of nitrogen-water coupling rice food quality at tillering stage. The interaction effect between N application amount and soil water management was very significant (P 0.01). Each quality index has been improved obviously. The suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer and water was beneficial to the increase of rice yield and quality. The results showed that the optimum treatment of water-saving and fertilizer saving was when the nitrogen application rate was 34.5 kg hm-2 at tillering stage and the irrigation depth of water layer was 3cm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S511

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