本文選題：林窗 + 非林窗��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：林窗作為一種經(jīng)常發(fā)生的小規(guī)模干擾,在維持森林群落的物種多樣性、養(yǎng)分循環(huán)和群落結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定上具有重要作用。林窗的出現(xiàn)會改變?nèi)郝渚植吭械沫h(huán)境,從而可能會引起不同生活型樹種的更新發(fā)生變化,進(jìn)而造成群落局部區(qū)域物種多樣性的改變。在亞熱帶常綠闊葉林內(nèi),常綠樹種與落葉樹種廣泛共存是該植被類型植物種類組成的重要特點之一。因此,在亞熱帶常綠闊葉林中研究林窗對常綠和落葉樹種更新的影響,進(jìn)而研究對物種多樣性的影響,具有重要意義。本研究以浙江天童20ha森林動態(tài)監(jiān)測樣地為平臺,對樣地內(nèi)149個冠林窗以及與其對應(yīng)的非林窗進(jìn)行跟蹤調(diào)查。通過分析常綠樹種和落葉樹種的補(bǔ)員率與生長速率,以及林窗和非林窗的物種組成,用以探討林窗對不同生活型樹種更新的影響。利用隨機(jī)取樣的方法,使林窗與非林窗的植物個體密度相等,計算物種多樣性指數(shù),排除密度因素,分析林窗對物種多樣性產(chǎn)生的影響。希望能夠更加全面地了解林窗在植物群落中所起到的作用。本研究的主要結(jié)果如下:1、經(jīng)過5年時間,林窗中落葉樹種多度和重要值有所增加,且落葉樹種的物種數(shù)增加較多;而非林窗的變化幅度則相對較小。加之,兩次調(diào)查間,以及兩次調(diào)查內(nèi)林窗的Jaccard指數(shù)均顯著小于非林窗,即林窗的物種組成,在時間和空間的變化幅度更大,說明林窗能夠顯著改變?nèi)郝渚植繀^(qū)域的物種組成,增加落葉樹種的比例,促進(jìn)常綠和落葉樹種共存。2、林窗中常綠樹種和落葉樹種的補(bǔ)員率分別顯著高于非林窗(p0.05),中林窗和大林窗中落葉樹種的補(bǔ)員率分別為205.8%和269.15%,顯著高于常綠樹種的75.64%和82.26%(p0.05),而在非林窗中,常綠樹種和落葉樹種的補(bǔ)員率無顯著差異。說明與非林窗相比,林窗促進(jìn)了植物的更新,在林窗面積較大時,對落葉樹種更新的促進(jìn)作用大于常綠樹種。林窗中常綠樹種和落葉樹種的生長速率分別為33.69%和144.34%,均顯著高于非林窗的18.96%和20.36%(p0.01),且林窗中落葉樹種的生長速率顯著高于常綠樹種(p0.01)。說明在本研究中,林窗有效地促進(jìn)了植物的生長,尤其是促進(jìn)了落葉樹種的生長。3、2010年時林窗與非林窗的物種多樣性不存在顯著差異,且林窗內(nèi)個體數(shù)相比于非林窗較少,說明2010年所調(diào)查的大部分林窗可能為剛形成的林窗。加之,2015年林窗的物種多樣性均顯著高于2010年(p0.05),而2015年非林窗的物種多樣性與2010年不存在顯著差異。說明在早期林窗中的物種多樣性會隨著時間的推進(jìn)而顯著增加。2015年時,大林窗的Inverse Simpson指數(shù)和Exp(H')顯著大于非林窗(p0.05),說明當(dāng)面積較大時,林窗能夠增加局部區(qū)域物種多樣性。綜上所述,在亞熱帶常綠闊葉林中,林窗的形成,會增加落葉樹種的補(bǔ)員率和生長速率,使得林窗中落葉樹種的比例增加,進(jìn)而改變了局部區(qū)域的物種組成,促進(jìn)常綠和落葉樹種的共存,增加了該區(qū)域的物種多樣性。
[Abstract]:As a regular small scale interference, the forest window plays an important role in maintaining the species diversity, nutrient cycling and community structure stability in the forest community. The emergence of the forest window will change the local environment of the community, which may cause more new changes in the species of different species of life, and then cause the local regional species of the community. In the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, the widespread coexistence of evergreen and deciduous trees is one of the important characteristics of the species composition of the vegetation type. Therefore, it is important to study the influence of the forest window on the evergreen and deciduous species regeneration in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and to study the effect on the species diversity. 149 canopy windows and its corresponding non forest windows in the 20ha forest dynamic monitoring site of Zhejiang Tiantong were tracked and investigated. By analyzing the rate and growth rate of the evergreen and deciduous trees, as well as the species composition of the forest window and the non forest window, the effects of the forest window on the regeneration of different living species were discussed. Using the method of random sampling to make the plant individual density of the forest window and the non forest window equal, calculate the species diversity index, exclude the density factor and analyze the effect of the forest window on the species diversity. We hope to understand the role of the forest window in the plant community more comprehensively. The main results of this study are as follows: 1, after 5 years, The number and important value of deciduous tree species in the forest window increased, and the number of species of deciduous trees increased more, but the variation of non forest windows was relatively small. In addition, the Jaccard index in the two investigations and the two surveys were significantly smaller than those of the non forest windows, that is, the species composition of the forest windows, which showed a greater change in time and space. The forest window can significantly change the species composition in the local area, increase the proportion of deciduous tree species and promote the coexistence of evergreen and deciduous tree species.2. The rate of the complement of evergreen and deciduous trees in the forest window is significantly higher than that of the non forest window (P0.05). The supplemental rate of the medium and Dalin window and the deciduous tree species in the middle and forest windows is 205.8% and 269.15% respectively, which is significantly higher than that of evergreen. 75.64% and 82.26% (P0.05) of tree species, but in the non forest window, there is no significant difference between evergreen and deciduous tree species. 33.69% and 144.34% were significantly higher than 18.96% and 20.36% of non forest windows (P0.01), and the growth rate of deciduous tree species in the forest window was significantly higher than that of evergreen tree species (P0.01). In this study, the forest window effectively promoted the growth of plants, especially in the growth of the growing tree species, which did not exist in the species diversity of the forest windows and the non forest windows at.32010 years. There were significant differences, and the number of individuals in the forest window was less than that of the non forest windows, indicating that most of the forest windows investigated in 2010 might be a newly formed forest window. In addition, the species diversity of the forest windows in 2015 was significantly higher than that in 2010 (P0.05), but the species diversity of the non forest windows in 2015 was not significantly different from that in 2010. The Inverse Simpson index and Exp (H') of Dalin window are significantly greater than that of non forest windows (P0.05) when the species diversity increases significantly with time, which indicates that when the area is larger, the forest window can increase the species diversity in the local area. In summary, the formation of the forest window in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest will increase the rate of the filling of the deciduous trees. And the growth rate increases the proportion of deciduous tree species in the forest window, and then changes the species composition of the local region, promotes the coexistence of evergreen and deciduous species, and increases the species diversity in the region.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S718.5

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