發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-24 00:40

  本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械 + 播種機(jī)�。� 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)谷物種植規(guī)�；陌l(fā)展及大型拖拉機(jī)的推廣應(yīng)用,使播種機(jī)械向大幅寬、高速度作業(yè)方向發(fā)展。而我國(guó)市場(chǎng)上現(xiàn)有的播種機(jī)仍以配套中小型拖拉機(jī)的型號(hào)居多,多采用“一器一行”的排種器形式,增大幅寬時(shí),就需要增加相應(yīng)數(shù)量的排種器,排種器數(shù)量過(guò)多會(huì)造成播種機(jī)整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)臃腫、龐大,不便于作業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)場(chǎng)運(yùn)輸及保證作業(yè)質(zhì)量。而集排器相比“一器一行”式排種器排種效率高、單個(gè)排種器能同時(shí)完成多行的排種任務(wù)。大寬幅播種機(jī)采用集排器可減少排種器的使用數(shù)量,簡(jiǎn)化播種機(jī)整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu),是近年來(lái)的發(fā)展方向。本文在國(guó)內(nèi)外研究基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)了氣流一階集排式排種系統(tǒng)。利用CFD-DEM耦合數(shù)值模擬的方法優(yōu)化排種系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算加以修正。試制氣流一階集排式排種系統(tǒng)樣機(jī),搭建氣流一階集排式排種系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)對(duì)氣流一階集排式排種系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行排種性能試驗(yàn)研究,得出最優(yōu)排種性能工作參數(shù)。本論文具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)通過(guò)查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)掌握了小麥種植的農(nóng)藝要求,根據(jù)農(nóng)藝要求確定氣流一階集排式排種系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)方案,并對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理進(jìn)行了闡述,對(duì)系統(tǒng)工作參數(shù)和關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。(2)根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)的集排系統(tǒng)參數(shù)建立數(shù)值仿真模型進(jìn)行耦合計(jì)算分析,模型收斂性良好,驗(yàn)證了 CFD-DEM耦合法模擬排種系統(tǒng)的可行性。仿真計(jì)算種子排出系統(tǒng)速度達(dá)2m/s,沒有出現(xiàn)種子的沉降,滯留及堵塞現(xiàn)象,氣流一階集排系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)功能實(shí)現(xiàn)。排種速度達(dá)15.6kg/min,各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)為4.7%。(3)查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料,采用PB試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方法,利用CFD-DEM耦合數(shù)值模擬的方法對(duì)影響集排系統(tǒng)排種性能的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行仿真試驗(yàn),篩選出混合室長(zhǎng)度、彎管彎徑比、褶型管長(zhǎng)度為對(duì)排種性能的主要影響因素。設(shè)計(jì)二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交組合試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行仿真試驗(yàn),得出混合室長(zhǎng)度、彎管彎徑比、褶型管長(zhǎng)度對(duì)排種性能的影響規(guī)律,對(duì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析得出褶型管長(zhǎng)度在297.46mm時(shí),混合室長(zhǎng)度在196.4-208.2mm、彎徑比在4.7-5.5時(shí)為最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合,各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)小于4.6%。根據(jù)仿真試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化出的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)試制排種系統(tǒng)樣機(jī),搭建試驗(yàn)臺(tái)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)為5.18%。由于安裝制造有誤差及實(shí)際試驗(yàn)條件無(wú)法達(dá)到模型理想邊界條件,驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)結(jié)果略有偏差,仿真試驗(yàn)結(jié)果可信。(4)設(shè)計(jì)入風(fēng)口氣流速度、喂種速度對(duì)排種性能影響的單因素試驗(yàn),通過(guò)單因素試驗(yàn)分析得出喂種量為260g/s,氣流速度為40m/s時(shí)各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)最低為6.8%。氣流速度為40m/s,喂種速度為300g/s時(shí)各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)最低為6.1%。以氣流速度、喂種速度、彎管彎徑比為影響因素,以各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)為目標(biāo)函數(shù),采用二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交組合試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方法,對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析,彎管彎徑比為5時(shí),氣流速度為49.2-51.9m/s、喂種速度為258.7-267.6g/s時(shí)為最優(yōu)工作參數(shù)組合,各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)小于4.35%。(5)在氣流一階集排式排種系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和試制基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)及工作參數(shù)對(duì)排種性能的影響進(jìn)行研究,為工程設(shè)計(jì)和進(jìn)一步研究提供參數(shù)依據(jù)和理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the large-scale development of grain planting and the popularization and application of large tractors have made the sowing machinery develop to a large width and high speed. However, the existing sowing machines in our market still take the majority of the types of small and medium tractors and adopt the "one row" type of seed metering device, and the corresponding number should be increased when the width is enlarged. The quantity of seed metering device is too large, which can cause the whole structure of the planter to be overstaffed and large, and it is not convenient for the operation to transfer the field and guarantee the quality of the work. Using the quantity to simplify the whole structure of the planter is the direction of development in recent years. On the basis of the research at home and abroad, this paper designs the first order discharge system of air flow. Using the method of CFD-DEM coupling numerical simulation, the structure of the seed metering system is optimized and the design calculation is revised. The experimental research on the performance of the first order collection system is carried out to get the optimal performance parameters. The specific contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the agronomic requirements of the wheat planting are mastered by consulting the relevant literature, and the first order collection system of the air flow is determined according to the agronomic requirements. The structure and the working principle are expounded, and the working parameters and key components of the system are designed and calculated. (2) the numerical simulation model is established based on the parameters of the designed set arrangement system to carry out the coupling calculation and analysis. The convergence of the model is good, and the feasibility of the CFD-DEM coupling simulation seed metering system is verified. The speed of the output system is up to 2m/s. There is no seed settlement, stagnation and blockage. The design function of the first order air collection system is realized. The speed of the first order of the air flow is realized. The row speed is up to 15.6kg/min, the consistency variation coefficient of the row displacement is 4.7%. (3), and the PB test design method is used, and the CFD-DEM coupling numerical simulation method is used to influence the collection system. The length of mixing chamber, the ratio of bend pipe to diameter, and the length of the fold tube are the main factors affecting the performance of the seed metering. The two rotation orthogonal combination tests are designed to simulate the influence of the length of the mixing chamber, the ratio of the bend diameter and the length of the fold tube to the performance of the seed arrangement, and the parameters are superior to the parameters. When the length of the fold tube is in 297.46mm, the length of the mixing chamber is 196.4-208.2mm and the ratio of the bend diameter is the best combination of the structural parameters. The consistency variation coefficient of the row displacement is less than that of the 4.6%.. The test results are set up to verify the test results. The induced coefficient of variation is 5.18%. because the installation error and actual test conditions can not reach the ideal boundary condition of the model. The results of the test are slightly deviant, and the results of the simulation test are credible. (4) the single factor experiment on the design of air flow velocity and the effect of feeding speed on the performance of the seed seed is 260. G/s, when the velocity of air flow is 40m/s, the minimum variation coefficient of the line displacement is the lowest 6.8%. flow velocity of 40m/s. When the feeding speed is 300g/s, the lowest coefficient of variation is 6.1%. at the velocity of air flow, the feed rate and the ratio of bend diameter of the pipe are the influence factors, and the coefficient of variation of each line is taken as the objective function, and the two rotation positive is used. The test results are optimized and analyzed. When the ratio of bend to diameter is 5, the velocity of air flow is 49.2-51.9m/s and the feeding speed is 258.7-267.6g/s, it is the best working parameter combination. The coefficient of variation of the consistency of each row is less than 4.35%. (5). On the basis of the design and trial production of the first order collection system of air flow, the structure and the structure of the system are discussed. The influence of working parameters on seeding performance is studied, which provides parameter basis and theoretical basis for engineering design and further research.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S223.2

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