本文選題：精油 + 肉雞��； 參考：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文通過肉雞飼糧中添加精油與苯甲酸的混合物(CPP),探討CPP對肉雞生產(chǎn)性能的影響,及其作用機理,并比較CPP和BZn在肉雞上的應(yīng)用效果。試驗采用2×2×2因子設(shè)計,即2個能量水平(正常能量、降低100kcal/kg),2個BZn水平(0、40mg/kg),2個CPP水平(0、300mg/kg),選擇2560只1日齡Ross308肉仔雞,隨機分成8個處理,每個處理16個重復(fù),每個重復(fù)20只,試驗分三個階段,前期(1-21d),中期(22-35d)和后期(36-42d),試驗期42d。結(jié)果表明：1)生產(chǎn)性能：正常能量添加BZn極顯著地降低前期料重比(P0.01)；降低飼糧能量肉雞全期料重比極顯著增加(P0.01),添加CPP、BZn顯著地降低后期料重比(P0.05),兩組間差異不顯著；正常能量與降低能量添加BZn、CPP、BZn+CPP對生產(chǎn)性能無顯著差異。BZn+CPP之間對中期、全期采食量有顯著的交互作用(P0.05、P0.01)。2)養(yǎng)分消化率：與處理1相比,處理3正常能量+BZn飼糧極顯著地降低干物質(zhì)、氨基酸消化率(P0.01),處理5組顯著地提高蛋白質(zhì)消化率(P0.05)；處理2低能飼糧顯著地降低干物質(zhì)、能量消化率(P0.01),處理6組極顯著地提高干物質(zhì)、蛋白質(zhì)、能量及氨基酸的消化率(P0.01)；正常能量與低能添加BZn、CPP、BZn+CPP對養(yǎng)分消化率的影響無顯著差異；能量和BZn之間對干物質(zhì)和能量消化率有極顯著的交互作用(P0.01)。能量、BZn及CPP三者之間對干物質(zhì)和能量消化率有極顯著的交互作用(P0.01)對總氨基酸、除蛋氨酸及賴氨酸外的氨基酸消化率有顯著的交互作用(P0.05)。3)消化酶活性：處理1正常能量飼糧添加BZn、CPP極顯著地提高肉雞胰腺糜蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶活性(P0.01),且兩組間差異極顯著,處理7極顯著地提高21d胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、糜蛋白酶活性(P0.01)；處理2低能飼糧極顯著地降低胰蛋白酶活性(P0.01),但處理4、6、8極顯著地提高肉雞胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、糜蛋白酶活性(P0.01)；且三組間差異極顯著。能量與BZn之間對消化酶(除21d脂肪酶)活性有顯著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05),能量與CPP之間對消化酶(除21d糜蛋白酶)活性有顯著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05),BZn與CPP之間對糜蛋白酶、脂肪酶和胰淀粉酶活性有顯著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05),且對21d胰蛋白酶活性有極顯著的交互作用(P0.01),能量、BZn、CPP三者之間對前期胰蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶活性,35d糜蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶活性有顯著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05)。4)腸道菌群：21d,處理3正常能量+BZn飼糧極顯著地增加盲腸雙歧桿菌數(shù)量(P0.01),處理5極顯著地降低回腸乳酸桿菌數(shù)量(P0.01)相對處理1；處理2低能飼糧極顯著地降低回腸乳酸桿菌數(shù)量(P0.01),處理4對腸道菌群無顯著差異,處理5極顯著地增加回、盲腸.雙歧桿菌數(shù)量(P0.01),處理8極顯著地增加回腸乳酸桿菌和雙歧桿菌數(shù)量,盲腸總菌群數(shù)量(P0.01)相對處理2；正常能量與低能添加BZn、CPP對腸道菌群(除回腸乳酸桿菌、盲腸雙歧桿菌)數(shù)量差異不顯著;能量和BZn之間對回腸雙歧桿菌數(shù)量、能量和CPP之間對回腸乳酸桿菌和雙歧桿菌數(shù)量及BZn和CPP對回腸乳酸桿菌、盲腸大腸桿菌和雙歧桿菌數(shù)量有顯著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05),能量、BZn、CPP三者對回腸乳酸桿菌和雙歧桿菌數(shù)量有顯著的交互作用。35d,與處理1北處理3、5、極顯著地增加盲腸乳酸桿菌數(shù)量(P0.01),處理7極顯著地降低雙歧桿菌數(shù)量(P0.01)；處理2低能飼糧極顯著地增加回腸大腸桿菌、盲腸乳酸桿菌數(shù)量(P0.01),但處理6、8極顯著地降低回腸大腸桿菌、盲腸雙歧桿菌數(shù)量,增加回腸雙歧桿菌數(shù)量(P0.01),處理4極顯著地增加回腸雙歧桿菌數(shù)量(P0.01)與處理2：正常能量與低能組添加CPP、BZn、BZn+CPP之間對腸道菌群(除雙歧桿菌)無顯著差異；能量和BZn之間對回腸雙歧桿菌數(shù)量,能量和CPP之間對回腸大腸桿菌數(shù)量,盲腸雙歧桿菌數(shù)量,BZn與CPP之間對盲腸乳酸桿菌數(shù)量有顯著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05),能量、BZn、CPP三者之間對盲腸雙歧桿菌、乳酸桿菌數(shù)量有顯著的交互作用(P0.05)。5)免疫功能：飼糧處理間對肉雞21、35dIgA、IgM、lgG、]L-2、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α含量有極顯著差異(P0.01)。能量極顯著地降低21、35d血清中IgM、IL-2含量和IgG、IL-4、TNF-α含量,同時提高35dIgA、IL-6、IL-4含量(P0.01)；BZn對21d肉雞血清中IgG、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α含量有極顯著地影響(P0.01),極顯著地提高35dIgM、IgG、IL-6、TNF-α含量增加,降低IL-2、IL-4含量(P0.0I)：CPP對21d肉雞血清IgA含量影響無顯著,但極顯著地增加IgM、IL-6含量,降低IgG、IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α含量,降低35d血清中IgA、IgM、IgG、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α含量(P0.01)；能量和BZn之間對21、35d肉雞血清中IgG、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6含量有極顯著地影響的交互作用(P0.0]),對35dlgM、TNF-α含量也有極顯著地影響交互作用(P0.01)：能量和CPP之問對肉雞21、35d血清中IgM、IgG、IL-2、4、6、TNF-α含量有顯著的交互作用(P0.05、P0.01),BZn+CPP之間對肉雞21、35d血清IgA、IgM、IgG、]L-2、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α含量有極顯著的交互作用(P0.01),能量、BZn、CPP之間對肉雞21d血清IgA含量無顯著的交互作用(P0.05),對2]、35d其他有顯著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05)。6)機體抗氧化水平：處理4正常能量+BZn飼糧對肉雞血清TAOC和MDA含量、SOD和GSH-Px活性及無顯著差異(P0.05),處理5顯著地提高肉雞35d血清SOD活性(P0.05),對TAOC和MDA含量、SOD和GSH-Px舌性無顯著差異(P0.05)；與處理2相比處理6顯著地增加21dGSH-Px活性,及35dSOD活性,處理4對TAOC和MDA含量、SOD和GSH-Px活性無顯著差異,且添加CPP組對GSH-Px活性顯著高于添加BZn組；正常能量與低能添加BZn、CPP、BZn+CPP對血清TAOC和MDA含量SOD和GSH-Px活性無顯著差異(P0.05)；BZn+CPP之間對肉雞血清SOD活性有顯著的交互作用(P=0.01)。能量、BZn、CPP兩者或三者之間對血清TAOC.SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量無顯著的交互作用(P0.05)。7)脂肪酸組成：21d,飼糧處理對21d肉雞胸肌C14：0、C18：3和C22：4含量無顯著影響(P0.05),但對C16：0、C16：1、C18：0、C18：1、C18：2含量有極顯著影響(P0.01)；對腿肌C14：0、C18:1、C18：3和C22：4含量無顯著影響(P0.05),但對C16：0、C16：1、C18：0、C18：2含量有極顯著影響(P0.01)。能量添加BZn顯著地降低胸肌C18：1的含量(P0.05),添加CPP極顯著地增加胸、腿肌C18：1、C18：2等不飽和脂肪酸的含量(P0.01),降低C14：0等飽和脂肪酸含量(P0.01)。能量和BZn之間對C18：0、C]8：2含量有顯著的交互作用(P0.05),能量和CPP之間對C16：0、C18：2含量有極顯著的交互作用(P0.01),BZn和CPP之間對C16：1、C18：0、C18：1、C18：2含量有顯著的交互作用(P0.05、P0.01),能量、BZn、CPP之間對胸肌C18：0、C18：1、C18：2含量有極顯著的交互作用(P0.01)；能量和BZn之間對腿肌C18：3含量有顯著的交互作用(D0.05),BZn和CPP之間對腿肌C18：2、C18：3含量有顯著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05)能量、BZn、CPP之間對腿肌C16：0、C16：1含量有顯著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05)。35d,飼糧處理對35d肉雞胸肌C14：0、C18：3和C22：4含量無顯著影響(P0.05),但對C]6：0、C16：1、C18：0、C18:1、C 18：2含量有極顯著影響(P0.01,,P0.05)。腿肌C14：0、C18：3和C22：4含量無顯著影響(P0.05),但對C16：0、C16：1、C18：0、C18：1、C18：2含量有極顯著影響(P0.01)。能量添加BZn極顯著地增加胸、腿肌C]6：0含量,顯著地降低C18：2,C18：3含量(P0.05)。添加CPP除了對胸、腿肌C14：0含量無顯著差異外,對其他脂肪酸有顯著地影響(P0.05、P0.01)。能量、BZn和CPP兩兩、三者對21、35d胸、腿肌C18：0、C14：0、C18：1、C18：2含量存在顯著的交互作用(P0.05)。由此得出,1、飼糧能量水平從1-21d2950kcal/kg、22-35d3020kcal/kg和36-42d3050kcal/kg降低100kcal/kg,肉雞21d體重、1-21d和36-42d體增重略有降低,但差異不顯著；但顯著提高]-21d采食量、1-21d和1-42d料重比。2、在正常和低能飼糧中飼糧添加40mg/kgBZn對肉雞體增重、采食量有提高趨勢,顯著地降低1-21d料重比。添加300mg/kgCPP對肉雞21d體重、1-21d體增重?zé)o顯著影響,但顯著提高1-21d肉雞采食量、36-42d體增重、1-21d料重比,顯著降低22-35d體增重、22-35d和36-42d采食量、36-42d和1-42d料重比。CPP與能量無顯著交互作用,表明在兩種飼糧中的效應(yīng)趨勢相同。同時添加BZn+CPP可緩解CPP對采食量的降低作用。正常能量+BZn+CPP對肉雞1-42d料重比無顯著影響,而低能量+BZn+CPP則顯著降低料重比。3、降低100kcal/kg能量飼糧中添加300mg/kgCPP可以代替或與BZn合用,可以到達正常能量飼糧肉雞的生產(chǎn)性能。4、CPP的作用機理與通過促進養(yǎng)分消化率、提高消化酶活性,改善腸道菌群、抗氧化及增加肌肉中不飽和脂肪酸含量的作用有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:The effects of CPP and BZn on broiler production were studied by adding essential oil and benzoic acid mixture ( CPP ) in broiler feed . The experimental results showed that 2 脳 2 脳 2 factorial design , i.e . 2 energy levels ( normal energy , 100 kcal / kg ) , 2 BZn levels ( 0 , 40mg / kg ) , 2 CPP levels ( 0 , 300 mg / kg ) , were randomly divided into 8 treatments .
In addition , CPP and BZn were significantly lower than that in the later stage ( P0.05 ) , but the difference between the two groups was not significant .
There was no significant difference between normal energy and low energy addition of BZn , CPP and BZn + CPP . There was significant interaction between BZn and CPP ( P0.05 , P0.01 ) . 2 ) Nutrient digestibility : Compared with treatment 1 , the treatment of 3 normal energy + BZn diets significantly reduced the dry matter and amino acid digestibility ( P0.01 ) , and treated with 5 groups significantly increased the digestibility of protein ( P0.05 ) .
The digestibility of dry matter , protein , energy and amino acid were significantly increased in 6 groups ( P0.01 ) .
There was no significant difference between normal energy and low energy addition of BZn , CPP and BZn + CPP .
There was significant interaction between energy and energy digestibility of dry matter and energy digestibility ( P0.01 ) . There was significant interaction between energy , BZn and CPP ( P0.01 ) .
Treatment of 2 low - energy diets significantly reduced trypsin activity ( P0.01 ) , but treated 4 , 6 , 8 significantly increased the activity of tryptase , lipase and chymase ( P0.01 ) .
There was significant interaction between energy and CPP ( P0.01 , P0.05 ) . There was significant interaction between energy and CPP ( P0.01 , P0.05 ) . There was significant interaction between BZn and CPP ( P0.01 , P0.05 ) .
Treatment of 2 low - energy diets significantly reduced the number of lactic acid bacteria in ileum ( P0.01 ) . There was no significant difference between treatment 4 and intestinal flora , and the treatment of 5 poles significantly increased the number of enterobacteria ( P0.01 ) .
There was no significant difference between normal energy and low energy addition of BZn and CPP . There was significant interaction between energy and BZn ( P 0.01 , P0.05 ) . There was a significant interaction between energy and CPP ( P0.01 , P0.05 ) .
Treatment of 2 low - energy diets significantly increased the number of E . coli and C . cecal Lactobacillus ( P0.01 ) , but treated 6 , 8 significantly reduced the number of E . coli and B .
There was significant interaction between energy and BZn ( P0.01 , P0.05 ) . There was a significant difference in the number of strains between BZn and CPP ( P0.01 , P0.05 ) .
The levels of IgG , IL - 4 , IL - 6 and TNF - 偽 in the serum of 21 d broiler chickens were significantly affected by BZn ( P0.01 ) . The levels of IgG , IL - 6 and TNF - 偽 increased significantly , but the levels of IgM , IL - 4 and TNF - 偽 were significantly increased , but the levels of IgM , IL - 4 and TNF - 偽 were significantly increased , and the levels of IgA , IgM , IgG , IL - 4 , IL - 6 and TNF - 偽 in the serum were decreased significantly ( P0.01 ) .
The levels of serum IgA , IgG , IL - 2 , IL - 2 , IL - 4 , IL - 6 and TNF - 偽 were significantly affected ( P0.05 ) .
Compared with treatment 2 , the activity of 21dGSH - Px , and activity of 35dSOD were significantly increased , and the activity of SOD and GSH - Px was significantly higher than that of treated group 4 , and the activity of GSH - Px was significantly higher than that in addition of BZn group .
There was no significant difference between normal energy and low energy addition of BZn , CPP and BZn + CPP ( P0.05 ) .
There was no significant difference in serum SOD activity between BZn and CPP ( P = 0.01 ) . There was no significant effect on serum TAOC , SOD , GSH - Px activity and MDA content ( P0.05 ) , but the content of C16 : 0 , C16 : 1 , C18 : 0 , C18 : 1 , C18 : 2 was significantly affected ( P0.01 ) .
The contents of C16 : 0 , C 18 : 1 , 18 : 0 , C18 : 2 were significantly increased ( P 0.01 ) , and the content of C16 : 0 , C18 : 0 , C18 : 1 , C18 : 2 was significantly increased between energy and CPP ( P0.05 ) . 1 銆，

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