發(fā)布時間：2018-04-20 10:35

  本文選題：培育基質(zhì) + 引種樟子松�。� 參考：《新疆師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：新疆克拉瑪依市烏爾禾區(qū)(85°12′-86°02′E,45°42′-46°15′N)有我國著名景區(qū)魔鬼城,區(qū)政府在大力打造“生態(tài)旅游新城”的過程中,城市綠化是其中重要的環(huán)節(jié)之一。在城市綠化環(huán)節(jié)中,從我國東北引進了優(yōu)良樹種樟子松(Pinussylvesiris var.mongolica),這不僅是干旱區(qū)環(huán)境演變與災(zāi)害防治的重要手段,也可以豐富本地的生物多樣性。引種樟子松需要科學(xué)的培育方式,因此必須了解其對本地生態(tài)因子的生理生態(tài)響應(yīng)。通過研究引種樟子松對兩種培育基質(zhì)的生理生態(tài)響應(yīng),探尋樟子松對本地土壤的適應(yīng)性。2015年7月在克拉瑪依市烏爾禾區(qū)郊外苗圃,隨機選擇使用施肥的本地沙土(施肥沙土)和配置基質(zhì)培育滿一年的樟子松各3棵,并設(shè)計了以下5個子實驗:使用HH2型土壤濕度計測量兩種培育基質(zhì)基本參數(shù)的日動態(tài),使用Li-6400XT便攜式氣體交換系統(tǒng)測定其光合參數(shù)日動態(tài),光合-光響應(yīng)(P_n-PAR)曲線,葉綠素?zé)晒鈪?shù),使用鐳射測距儀和游標卡尺測量其生長量。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)每日16:00-18:00,施肥沙土的溫度顯著高于配置基質(zhì)組(P0.01)。灌水會影響基質(zhì)的體積含水量和基質(zhì)(溶液)電導(dǎo)率,尤其是從灌水后第三天開始,隨著基質(zhì)體積含水量的下降,基質(zhì)(溶液)電導(dǎo)率開始升高;(2)兩組基質(zhì)的引種樟子松均于午后14:00呈現(xiàn)明顯的光合下調(diào),凈光合速率(P_n)峰值均于10:00出現(xiàn);兩組同時刻P_n值差異極顯著(P0.01),施肥沙土組P_n日均值(比配置基質(zhì)組)提高了41%;P_n值對光合有效輻射(PAR)的定積分值,施肥沙土組高于配置基質(zhì)組(22.3214.74);兩組的水分利用效率(WUE)峰值均于每日8:00-10:00出現(xiàn);兩組WUE值總體差異顯著(P0.05),施肥沙土組WUE日均值提高了59%;WUE值對PAR的定積分值,施肥沙土組高于配置基質(zhì)組(10.187.09)。施肥沙土組的羧化效率(CE)在清晨和下午均極顯著高于配置基質(zhì)組(P0.01);每日10:00-12:00,施肥沙土組引種樟子松蒸騰速率(Tr)極顯著高于配置基質(zhì)組(P0.01)。夏季的高溫強光對兩組葉片氣孔開閉有較強影響,尤其對配置基質(zhì)組。PAR是影響施肥沙土組光合參數(shù)(P_n值、Tr值和Ci值)的主要因子;PAR和空氣相對濕度(RH)是影響配置基質(zhì)組光合參數(shù)(Tr值、Ci值)的主要因子;(3)采用直角雙曲線修正模型擬合P_n-PAR曲線,施肥沙土組P_n值均高于配置基質(zhì)組,配置基質(zhì)組光飽和點(LSP)比施肥沙土組提前出現(xiàn)。兩組的最大凈光合速率(Pmax)、LSP及光補償點(LCP)均存在顯著差異(P0.05)。施肥沙土組樟子松的光合同化潛力提高了123%,對弱光和強光的適應(yīng)能力提高了30%和4.3%;(4)施肥沙土組引種樟子松各熒光參數(shù)均顯著高于配置基質(zhì)組(P0.05),施肥沙土組的初始熒光F0提高了7.1%,最大熒光Fm提高了19.2%,Fv/F0提高了18.3%,光系統(tǒng)Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化學(xué)效率Fv/Fm提高了2.6%;(5)在生長量(株高、胸徑)方面,施肥沙土組也極顯著高于配置基質(zhì)組(P0.01),株高高于配置基質(zhì)組1.25倍,胸徑粗于配置基質(zhì)組1.61倍。結(jié)論:綜上可知,施肥沙土組引種樟子松的瞬時生長量、光合同化潛力、健康指數(shù)及耐旱能力等均(較配置基質(zhì))提高了41%、123%、2.6%、59%,宏觀生長量參數(shù)均高于配置基質(zhì)組1倍以上。施肥沙土培育的引種樟子松健康指數(shù)較高,對新疆北部地區(qū)的適應(yīng)性較強。因此,適宜新疆北部干旱區(qū)引種樟子松的培育基質(zhì)為本地沙土:牛糞(2:0.5,v/v)。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang Karamay city of Xinjiang (12 '-86 02' E, 45 42 '-46 15' N) has the famous scenic devil city in China. In the process of building the "eco tourism new town" by the district government, urban greening is one of the important links. In the urban greening link, the excellent tree species of pine (Pinussylvesiris V) are introduced from the northeast of China. Ar.mongolica), this is not only an important means of environmental evolution and disaster prevention and control in arid areas, but also can enrich the local biodiversity. The introduction of Pinus sylvestris needs a scientific cultivation method. Therefore, it must understand its physiological and ecological response to the local ecological factors. Through the study of the physiological and ecological responses of the introduction of camphor Zi Song to the two cultivation substrates, The adaptability of Pinus sylvestris to local soil.2015 year July at the outskirts of urhe, Karamay, randomly selected the local sand soil (fertilized sandy soil) and the substrate for one year to cultivate 3 trees of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and designed the following 5 sub experiments: using the HH2 soil hygrometer to measure the basic parameters of two cultivation matrix Dynamic, Li-6400XT portable gas exchange system was used to measure the daily dynamic of photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic light response (P_n-PAR) curves, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, laser rangefinder and vernier caliper. The results showed that: (1) daily 16:00-18:00, the temperature of fertilized sandy soil was significantly higher than that of the configuration matrix group (P0.01). The volume water content of the matrix and the conductivity of matrix (solution), especially from the third days after the irrigation, the conductivity of the matrix (solution) began to rise with the decrease of the matrix volume water content; (2) the introduction of Pinus sylvestris of two groups of substrates showed obvious photosynthetic downregulation at 14:00 in the afternoon, and the peak value of net photosynthetic rate (P_n) appeared at 10:00; two groups at the same time The difference of P_n value was very significant (P0.01). The daily average value of P_n in the fertilized sand soil group increased by 41%; the value of P_n value to the photosynthetic effective radiation (PAR) was higher than that of the configuration matrix group (22.3214.74), and the peak of water use efficiency (WUE) in the two groups appeared in the daily 8:00-10:00; the total WUE value of the two groups was significantly different (P0.05). The WUE daily average of the fertilizer sand soil group increased by 59%, and the value of the WUE value to the PAR was higher than that of the configuration matrix (10.187.09). The carboxylation efficiency (CE) of the fertilized sand soil group was significantly higher than that of the configuration matrix (P0.01) in the morning and afternoon, and 10:00-12:00 was significantly higher than the configuration matrix (Tr) for the introduction of the rate of transpiration of Pinus sylvestris (Tr). Group (P0.01). The high temperature and strong light in summer has a strong influence on the opening and closing of the two groups of leaves, especially the main factors affecting the photosynthetic parameters (P_n, Tr and Ci) of the fertilized sandy soil group with the matrix group.PAR; PAR and the air relative humidity (RH) are the main factors that affect the configuration of the matrix group of photosynthetic parameters (Tr, Ci); (3) using the right angle hyperbolic repair. The positive model fitted the P_n-PAR curve, and the P_n value of the fertilized sand soil group was higher than that of the matrix group, and the light saturation point (LSP) in the matrix group appeared earlier than that of the fertilized sandy soil group. The maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax), LSP and the optical compensation point (LCP) of the two groups were all significant differences (P0.05). The light contract potential of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was increased by 123%, and the weak light and the weak light were increased. The adaptability of strong light was increased by 30% and 4.3%; (4) the fluorescence parameters of the introduction of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica were significantly higher than that in the configuration matrix group (P0.05). The initial fluorescence F0 of the fertilized sand soil group increased by 7.1%, the maximum fluorescence Fm increased by 19.2%, the Fv/F0 increased by 18.3%, and the maximum photochemical efficiency of the light system II (PS II) increased by 2.6%, and (5) in the growth (5). In the aspect of plant height and diameter, the fertilized sand soil group was also significantly higher than that of the configuration matrix group (P0.01). The height of the plant was 1.25 times higher than that of the configuration matrix, and the diameter of the breast was 1.61 times larger than that of the matrix group. Conclusion: it is concluded that the application of the fertilized sand soil group is 41%, 1 of the instantaneous growth, the potential of light contract, the health index and the drought tolerance. 23%, 2.6%, 59%, the macro growth parameters were more than 1 times higher than that of the configuration matrix group. The introduction of Pinus sylvestris health index was higher in fertilized sandy soil, and was more adaptable to northern Xinjiang. Therefore, the suitable cultivation matrix for the introduction of Pinus sylvestris in the northern arid region of Xinjiang was the local sandy soil: 2:0.5, v/v.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S791.253

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