發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-18 01:38

  本文選題：牛膝 + UV-B輻射　； 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人類的活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致大氣層的臭氧層變得稀薄,UV-B(280-320nm)輻射到達(dá)地球表面的射線增加,對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、生理生化、次生代謝及基因的表達(dá)等都會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的影響。藥用植物中次生代謝產(chǎn)物的合成與生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境有直接的關(guān)系,UV-B輻射必然影響植物中次生代謝產(chǎn)物的合成。因此本研究以盆栽的懷牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata Bl.)幼苗為試驗(yàn)材料,在溫室培養(yǎng)條件下采用UV-B輻射進(jìn)行不同的處理,研究了UV-B輻射對(duì)懷牛膝幼苗的生長(zhǎng)、生理生化、內(nèi)源激素、主要藥用成分及相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.隨著UV-B輻射時(shí)間的增加,懷牛膝幼苗的生長(zhǎng)受到顯著的抑制,主要表現(xiàn)為:植株矮化、根長(zhǎng)變短、生物量降低,伴有葉片白斑等癥狀;抑制程度與輻射時(shí)間成正比。UV-B輻射時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),根冠比越高;2.不同時(shí)間的UV-B輻射,葉片中SOD和POD的活性明顯高于對(duì)照組,而CAT的活性隨著輻射時(shí)間增加先升高后降低;MDA的含量隨著輻射時(shí)間的積累逐漸增加,H2O2的含量則表現(xiàn)為先升高后降低;3.葉綠素a、葉綠素b以及類胡蘿卜素的含量都表現(xiàn)為處理組低于對(duì)照組,且UV-B輻射時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),降低的幅度越大;4.UV-B輻射使牛膝葉和根中齊敦果酸和蛻皮甾酮的含量增加。輻射3-4h有利于葉中齊敦果酸的積累,輻射4h對(duì)根中齊敦果酸的積累反而具有抑制;輻射2h最有利于葉和根中蛻皮甾酮的積累;5.UV-B輻射可促使懷牛膝葉和根中齊敦果酸和蛻皮甾酮代謝通路上的關(guān)鍵酶基因HMGS、HMGR、PMK、FPS、SS、SE、β-AS和CAS表達(dá)上調(diào),GGPPS基因表達(dá)下調(diào);6.牛膝葉片中內(nèi)源激素IAA和GA3的含量隨輻射時(shí)間的增加和恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)天數(shù)的延長(zhǎng)而不斷下降;ZR和ABA含量隨著輻射時(shí)間的增加和恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)天數(shù)的延長(zhǎng)而逐漸升高。內(nèi)源激素呈現(xiàn)的這種變化是對(duì)UV-B輻射的適應(yīng),但最終抑制了牛膝幼苗的生長(zhǎng);7.UV-B輻射使懷牛膝葉片中內(nèi)源激素IAA合成通路中的相關(guān)基因ASA、PAT1、IGS、TSB和TAR與GA3合成通路中的相關(guān)基因HMGS、HMGR、PMK、KS和KO均為表達(dá)下調(diào);ZR合成通路中的相關(guān)基因DXS、CMK、ZOGT、N-GT和CKX與ABA合成通路中的相關(guān)基因DXR、HDR、ABA4、ABA2和AAO3均表達(dá)上調(diào)。
[Abstract]:As a result of human activities, the ozone layer in the atmosphere becomes thin and thin. The amount of radiation reaching the surface of the earth is increased, which has a certain effect on the growth and development of plants, physiology and biochemistry, secondary metabolism and gene expression.The synthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants is directly related to the growth environment. UV-B radiation will inevitably affect the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants.Therefore, Achyranthes bidentata Bl. was used in this study.Seedlings were treated with UV-B radiation in greenhouse. The effects of UV-B radiation on the growth, physiology and biochemistry, endogenous hormones, main medicinal components and related gene expression of Achyranthes bidentata seedlings were studied.The main results are as follows: 1.With the increase of UV-B radiation time, the growth of Radix Achyranthes bidentata seedlings was significantly inhibited, mainly as follows: plant dwarfing, root length becoming shorter, biomass decreased, accompanied with leaf white spots and other symptoms;The inhibition degree was directly proportional to the radiation time. The longer the UV-B radiation time was, the higher the root-shoot ratio was.At different time, the activities of SOD and POD in leaves were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the activities of CAT increased first and then decreased with the accumulation of radiation time, but the content of H _ 2O _ 2 increased at first and then decreased with the accumulation of radiation time.The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, and the longer the UV-B radiation time was, the greater the decrease was. 4. UV-B radiation increased the contents of zidonolic acid and ecdysterone in the leaves and roots of Achyranthes bidentata.The 3-4 h radiation was beneficial to the accumulation of Zetonic acid in the leaves, but it inhibited the accumulation of Zetonate in the root for 4 h.Radiation for 2 hours was most beneficial to the accumulation of ecdysterone in leaves and roots. 5. UV-B radiation could promote the down-regulation of GGPPS gene expression by 6% in the key enzyme gene HMGSH GGRPMKU FPSN SSSE, 尾 -AS and CAS expression in Achyranthes bidentata leaves and roots of Achyranthes bidentata.The contents of endogenous hormones IAA and GA3 in the leaves of Achyranthes bidentata decreased with the increase of radiation time and the days of recovery. The contents of ZR and ABA increased with the increase of radiation time and the days of recovery.The change in endogenous hormones is an adaptation to UV-B radiation,However, the growth of Achyranthes bidentata seedlings was inhibited by 7.UV-B radiation, which resulted in the down-regulation of the genes ASA-PAT1IGSSB and TAR in the endogenous hormone IAA synthesis pathway and HMGSH-HMGR-PMKNK KS and KO in the GA3 synthesis pathway, both of which were expressed down-regulated in the ZR synthesis pathway.The expression of the related genes in the synthesis pathway of CKX and ABA were up-regulated, such as the expression of DXSG-CMK, ZOGTN-GT and ABA, and the expression of ABA4ABA2 and AAO3 were up-regulated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S567.239

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本文編號(hào)：1766249