本文選題：生姜 + 播種深度　； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：播種和培土是生姜種植過程中重要的栽培環(huán)節(jié),但生產(chǎn)中關(guān)于合理的播種深度和培土高度的認(rèn)識(shí)尚不一致。為探討播種深度和培土高度對(duì)生姜生長及產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的影響,本研究以“山農(nóng)1號(hào)”為試材,研究了播種深度和發(fā)棵期不同培土高度對(duì)生姜植株生長、根系發(fā)育、根莖形成及某些生理特性的的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.播種深度顯著影響種姜的出苗和生長。播種后25天時(shí),播深2 cm的出苗率為46.3%,而播深10 cm的出苗率僅為28.08%,但播種后45天時(shí),各處理出苗率均達(dá)98%以上。播后分期覆土和培土有利于生姜植株生長,如幼苗期,分期覆土至10 cm處理較播深10 cm的株高、莖粗分別高48.29%、5.68%,但分枝數(shù)差異不顯著,至根莖膨大期時(shí),分期覆土至10 cm處理的株高、莖粗、分枝數(shù)分別比播深2 cm處理高14.74%、5.32%、15.15%;根莖膨大期培土20 cm的株高、莖粗、分枝數(shù)分別比不培土高2.96%、1.09%、7.34%。2.播后分期覆土和發(fā)棵期培土還有利于提高生姜的根莖縱徑,收獲期時(shí),分期覆土至10 cm的姜母縱徑比播深2 cm處理增加55.02%,子姜縱徑增加42.21%,較播深6、10 cm分別增加13.09%和4.26%;培土對(duì)生姜姜母縱徑提升不明顯,但可顯著增加子姜縱徑,如培土20 cm的子姜縱徑比不培土提高了49.92%。3.播后分期覆土和培土提高了生姜的產(chǎn)量,但顯著降低了生姜的品質(zhì)。分期覆土至10 cm的產(chǎn)量分別比播深2、6、10 cm高41.07%、4.61%、4.95%,而且培土20、10 cm分別比不培土高18.56%、17.85%。但分期覆土至10 cm的根莖干物質(zhì)、淀粉、揮發(fā)油、游離氨基酸和蛋白質(zhì)含量分別比播深2 cm的低9.86%、11.74%、19.24%、26.67%、19.02%;培土20 cm的根莖干物質(zhì)、淀粉、揮發(fā)油、游離氨基酸、蛋白質(zhì)含量分別比不培土降低7.97%、7.42%、12.5%、10.36%、8.75%。4.播深和培土高度顯著影響了生姜根系的發(fā)育。苗期時(shí),播深10 cm的根長、根表面積和根系活力分別比播深2 cm的高41.79%、45.59%、16.9%,而根重、根直徑分別低26.13%、22.6%;根莖膨大期時(shí)播深10 cm的根長、根表面積、根重和根系活力分別比播深2 cm高25.27%、30.13%、21.69%、21.6%。根莖膨大期時(shí)培土20 cm的根長、根重、根表面積和根系活力分別比不培土高7.5%、5.37%、14.48%、4.7%。5.幼苗期各處理凈光合速率差異較小,根莖膨大期分期覆土至10 cm分別比播深2、10 cm高22.62%、4.05%,而培土20 cm較不培土高7.04%。播后分期覆土至10 cm的植株葉片F(xiàn)v/Fm、φPSⅡ、和q P分別比播深2 cm的高2.51%、17.6%、3.36%,但培土對(duì)Fv/Fm、q P的影響不顯著,培土20 cm的φPSⅡ比不培土高5.03%。6.播種深度和培土對(duì)生姜根莖內(nèi)源激素的含量影響顯著,對(duì)GA、ABA、ZR含量影響顯著,但對(duì)IAA含量影響不顯著,分期覆土至10 cm在GA含量上顯著低于其他處理,而在ABA、ZR含量上顯著高于其他處理,分期覆土至10 cm的GA含量分別比播深2、6、10 cm低20.27%、8.07%、5.96%,而ABA含量分別高10.44%、3.72%、3.72%。培土有降低GA含量,提高ABA、ZR含量的趨勢(shì),但對(duì)IAA含量的影響不顯著。此外,播后分期覆土和培土顯著提高了ABA/GA值。
[Abstract]:Sowing and soil culture are important cultivation links in ginger planting process, but the understanding of reasonable sowing depth and soil height in production is not consistent.In order to study the effects of sowing depth and soil height on growth and yield and quality of ginger, the effects of sowing depth and height of culture soil on the growth and root system development of ginger were studied with "Shannong 1".Effects of rhizome formation and some physiological characteristics.The main results are as follows: 1.Seeding depth significantly affected the emergence and growth of ginger.At 25 days after sowing, the seedling emergence rate of 2 cm depth was 46.3%, while the seedling emergence rate of 10 cm depth was only 28.08, but at 45 days after sowing, the emergence rate of each treatment was above 98%.After sowing, soil mulching and soil culture were beneficial to the growth of ginger plants. For example, in seedling stage, the plant height and stem diameter were 48.29 and 5.68, respectively, in the treatment of soil mulching to 10 cm depth, but the number of branches was not significant at the stage of rhizome expansion.The plant height, stem diameter and branching number of soil mulching to 10 cm by stage were 14.74 and 5.32 and 15.15 higher than those of 2 cm sowing depth, respectively, and the plant height, stem diameter and branch number of 20 cm soil in rhizome expansion stage were 2.96 ~ 1.09 and 7.34 respectively higher than that of uncultivated soil.After sowing the soil was covered by stages and the soil was cultivated in the growing stage. It was also beneficial to increase the vertical diameter of the rhizome of ginger, and at the harvest time,The diameter of ginger mother increased by 55.02 and the diameter of Zingiber increased by 42.21, 13.09% and 4.26 respectively compared with that of sowing depth of 610 cm.For example, the vertical diameter of Zingiber officinalis with 20 cm of cultivated soil increased by 49.922.3. compared with that of uncultivated soil.After sowing, soil mulching and soil culture increased the yield of ginger, but significantly reduced the quality of ginger.The yield of soil covering to 10 cm by stage was higher than that of sowing depth 2 ~ 6 ~ 10 cm, 41.07 and 4.61 and 4.95, respectively, and the yield of soil 20 ~ 10 cm was 18.56 ~ 17.85 higher than that of uncultivated soil, respectively.But the contents of dry matter, starch, volatile oil, free amino acid and protein in rhizome, starch, volatile oil, free amino acid and protein were 9.86% and 11.74% lower than those in 2 cm depth, respectively.The content of protein was 7.97% lower than that of uncultivated soil respectively.Sowing depth and soil height significantly affected the root development of ginger.At seedling stage, the root length, root surface area and root activity were 41.79 and 45.591.59, respectively, and the root weight and root diameter were 26.1313 and 22.6.The root length, root surface area, root weight and root activity were 25.27301321.6921.621.66.The root length, root surface area, root weight and root activity were 25.27301321.6921.6921.66.The root length, root surface area, root surface area and root activity were 25.27301321.6921.6921.62.6cm higher than that of 2cm.The root length, root weight, root surface area and root activity of the soil at the stage of rhizome expansion were 7.5cm, 5.37cm and 14.48cm higher than that of the uncultivated soil, respectively.There was little difference in net photosynthetic rate among different treatments in seedling stage. The percentage of soil covered by stages to 10cm was 22.62210cm higher than that of seeding depth 210cm in rhizome bulging stage, but the percentage of cultivated soil 20cm was 7.04cm higher than that of uncultivated soil.After sowing, FV / Fm, 蠁 PS 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1762437