本文選題：經(jīng)營措施 + 杉木人工林　； 參考：《南昌工程學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾十年來,人工林在我國森林面積所占的比重越來越來大。人工林面積擴(kuò)張對(duì)區(qū)域水資源的影響是當(dāng)前關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問題,尤其是在當(dāng)前全球氣候變化背景下,如何科學(xué)地經(jīng)營人工林,更加高效的利用水資源,已經(jīng)成為人工林經(jīng)營管理一個(gè)非常重要的研究方向。為此,本研究選擇亞熱帶地區(qū)具有代表性的杉木人工林為研究對(duì)象,從葉片、單木、林分尺度上,以不進(jìn)行處理的杉木林為對(duì)照,探討施加氮肥、去除灌草和兩者復(fù)合(施肥+除草)措施對(duì)水分利用效率的影響,以期為科學(xué)評(píng)估人工林耗水提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。通過1年的監(jiān)測(cè)(2015年6月—2016年7月),取得了以下研究結(jié)果:(1)去除灌草措施沒有對(duì)葉片的氣孔導(dǎo)度產(chǎn)生顯著的影響,而施加氮肥措施和施加氮肥與去除灌草復(fù)合措施使葉片的氣孔導(dǎo)度提升了56.74%和55.29%,達(dá)到了顯著水平(P0.05)。(2)去除灌草對(duì)葉片葉綠素的含量沒有明顯的影響,施加氮肥與施加氮肥結(jié)合去除林下植被的措施則顯著的提高了葉片葉綠素含量,葉綠素含量分別增加了14.8%和16.3%。(3)去除灌草后土壤水分的蒸發(fā)量增加了58.51%,施加氮肥并去除灌草后蒸發(fā)量增加了68.50%,相比于對(duì)照,去除灌草措施和施加氮肥并去除灌草措施增加量達(dá)到了顯著;施加氮肥后土壤蒸發(fā)量相較于對(duì)照有所下降,但沒有達(dá)到顯著水平。(4)比較不同季節(jié)樹干液流平均速率我們發(fā)現(xiàn):夏季春季秋季冬季,春季和冬季的各種經(jīng)營措施都不會(huì)對(duì)全天的液流速率產(chǎn)生顯著的影響。在秋季晴天去除灌草措施會(huì)使液流速率顯著減小,在秋季雨天兩者的復(fù)合(施肥+除草)措施會(huì)使液流速率顯著減小。夏季施加氮肥的措施會(huì)使全天的液流速率顯著的大于其他處理措施,特別是在晴天各種處理間的相互差異顯著。不同處理下的杉木的年蒸騰量為:未施肥未除草措施368.53mm,去除灌草措施342.25mm,施加氮肥措施397.21mm,施肥并除草措施368.44mm。(5)實(shí)驗(yàn)樣地不同經(jīng)營措施杉木人工林水分利用效率為:未施肥未除草措施4.83×10~(-3)m~3/m~3(木材/水),去除灌草措施4.82×10~(-3)m~3/m~3(木材/水),施加氮肥措施4.91×10~(-3)m~3/m~3(木材/水),施肥并除草措施4.86×10~(-3)m~3/m~3(木材/水)。通過分析,添加氮肥的措施可以提高杉木人工林的水分利用效率,去除灌草和施加氮肥與去除灌草相結(jié)合的措施都會(huì)對(duì)杉木人工林的水分利用效率起負(fù)面作用。因此,在實(shí)際的林業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)中可以考慮保留其林下植被,并選擇春、秋和冬季進(jìn)行施肥,從而提高杉木生產(chǎn)的水分利用效率。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, the proportion of plantations in the forest area in China is more and more large.The impact of plantation area expansion on regional water resources is the focus of attention, especially in the context of global climate change, how to manage plantations scientifically and make more efficient use of water resources.It has become a very important research direction of plantation management.Therefore, the representative Chinese fir plantation in the subtropical region was selected as the research object, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer was studied on the scale of leaf, single wood, stand and non-treated Chinese fir forest.The effect of the removal of shrub and the combination of fertilization and herbicide on water use efficiency in order to provide basic data for scientific evaluation of water consumption of artificial forest.After one year of monitoring (June 2015 to July 2016, the following results were obtained: 1) the removal of shrub had no significant effect on the stomatal conductance of leaves.The stomatal conductance of leaves was increased by 56.74% and 55.29% by applying nitrogen fertilizer and the compound measures of nitrogen fertilizer and shrub removal.The application of nitrogen fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer to remove the undergrowth vegetation significantly increased the chlorophyll content of leaves.Chlorophyll content increased by 14.8% and 16.3wt%, respectively.) the evaporation of soil water increased by 58.51% and that of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation grass increased by 68.50%, compared with the control.The increase of soil evaporation was significantly increased by removing irrigation and applying nitrogen fertilizer, and the soil evaporation was decreased compared with the control after applying nitrogen fertilizer, and the soil evaporation was significantly increased after the application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the increase of soil evaporation was lower than that of the control.Compared with the average rate of sap flow in different seasons, we found that summer, spring, autumn and winter, all kinds of management measures in spring and winter have no significant effect on the rate of sap flow throughout the day.The removal of irrigation grass on sunny days in autumn will significantly decrease the liquid flow rate, and the combination of the two measures (fertilization and weeding) in rainy days in autumn will significantly reduce the liquid flow rate.The application of nitrogen fertilizer in summer made the liquid flow rate of the whole day significantly higher than that of other treatments, especially in sunny days.The annual transpiration of Cunninghamia lanceolata under different treatments was 368.53mm, 342.25mm, 397.21mm and 368.44mm, respectively.Fertilizing without weeding measures 4.83 脳 10 ~ (-3) ~ (3) / m ~ (3) (lumber / water, removal measures 4.82 脳 10 ~ (-1) -3 ~ (-3) / m ~ (3)) (wood / water), applying nitrogen fertilizer measures (4.91 脳 10 ~ (-3)) ~ (3) / m ~ (3) (timber / water), fertilization and weeding measures (4.86 脳 10 ~ (10)) -3 ~ (-3) / m ~ (3) (wood / water).Through the analysis, the measures of adding nitrogen fertilizer can improve the water use efficiency of Chinese fir plantation. The removal of irrigation grass and the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and shrub can all play a negative role in the water use efficiency of Chinese fir plantation.Therefore, in the actual forest production activities, we can consider to retain its undergrowth vegetation, and choose spring, autumn and winter to fertilize, so as to improve the water use efficiency of Chinese fir production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S791.27

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