本文選題：冬小麥 + 微灌�。� 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：微灌是一種高效節(jié)水的灌溉技術(shù),結(jié)合適宜的施氮水平,是目前冬小麥水氮高效利用的有效措施。本研究通過2015-2016年的大田種植,以周麥22、矮抗58為試驗(yàn)材料,設(shè)置三個氮肥水平和不同的微灌處理,探討不同氮肥調(diào)控下微灌對冬小麥的生長發(fā)育、水氮利用特性、產(chǎn)量性狀構(gòu)成的影響,并研究了灌漿后期微噴灌對冬小麥冠層微環(huán)境的影響。主要研究結(jié)論如下:1、冬小麥的株高及地上部分干物質(zhì)積累量均在成熟期達(dá)到最大值,滴灌拔節(jié)水、開花水能延緩葉面積指數(shù)的下降趨勢。周麥22的株高在相同處理下均大于矮抗58,且兩品種的株高及地上部分干物質(zhì)積累量均隨著灌水量的增多而增大,并且在N3水平下最高。灌漿期周麥22、矮抗58在N2W2處理下的葉面積指數(shù)較為適宜,具有更強(qiáng)的群體光合作用及干物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)能力。2、全生育期耗水量隨著施氮量、灌水量增加而增加。在相同氮肥水平下,W2處理的耗水量顯著高于其他處理,并且隨著滴灌水的增加,耗水量的峰值逐漸后移。不同氮肥水平和水分處理的土壤貯水消耗量有極顯著的差異,周麥22、矮抗58在N1、N2水平下的土壤貯水消耗量差異不顯著,但均高于N3水平;相同氮肥水平下,則以W2處理的土壤貯水消耗量最大,顯著高于W0處理。3、水分利用效率隨著灌水量的增加先增大而后減小,隨著施氮量的增加逐漸減小。降水利用效率則表現(xiàn)為W2W1W0,N2、N3N1,差異顯著(P0.05)。周麥22、矮抗58的水分利用效率均在N2W1處理下最大,而在N2W2處理下對降水的利用效率最大。4、滴灌和氮肥調(diào)控及其交互作用對植株的氮素積累影響顯著。相同氮肥水平下,氮素總積累量、籽粒氮積累量隨著灌水量的增加而增加,以W2處理最高;周麥22在W2處理下的氮素利用率顯著高于W1處理,而矮抗58則為W1處理顯著高于W2處理。相同的水分處理下,氮素利用率、氮素收獲指數(shù)隨著施氮水平的增加而下降。周麥22、矮抗58的營養(yǎng)器官氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量分別在N2W2、N3W1處理獲得最大值。5、在小麥灌漿后期微噴10 mm,能顯著降低冬小麥的冠層溫度、二氧化碳濃度,并顯著提高穗層、穗下30 cm和穗下60 cm的相對濕度及旗葉葉片水勢。在12:00-16:00的高溫時段,N2W2處理下的冠層微環(huán)境優(yōu)于其他處理,且葉片水勢在微噴次日顯著高于其他處理0.13-1.16MPa。相關(guān)分析表明,產(chǎn)量與冠層相對濕度呈顯著性正相關(guān),與旗葉葉片水勢存在極顯著正相關(guān),與冠層溫度、冠層CO2濃度均為負(fù)相關(guān),但差異不顯著。綜合來看,施氮水平為250 kg·hm-2時,在播前、拔節(jié)期和開花期以達(dá)到0-100cm土層相對含水量為田間持水量的75%滴灌補(bǔ)水,并在灌漿后期微噴灌10 mm,周麥22、矮抗58均能獲得最高的產(chǎn)量,分別為6684.71、6952.39 kg·hm-2,并且得到適宜的水、氮利用效率。
[Abstract]:Micro-irrigation is an efficient and water-saving irrigation technology. Combining with the appropriate nitrogen level, it is an effective measure for the efficient utilization of water and nitrogen in winter wheat.Through field planting in 2015-2016, using Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58 as experimental materials, three nitrogen levels and different micro-irrigation treatments were set up to study the growth and development of winter wheat under different nitrogen fertilizer regulation, and the characteristics of water and nitrogen utilization.The effects of micro-sprinkling irrigation on the canopy microenvironment of winter wheat were studied.The main conclusions were as follows: 1. The plant height and dry matter accumulation of the above ground part of winter wheat reached the maximum at the mature stage. Drip irrigation with jointing water and blooming water could delay the decline of leaf area index.Under the same treatment, the plant height of Zhoumai 22 was higher than that of Daikang 58, and the plant height and dry matter accumulation of aboveground part of Zhoumai 22 increased with the increase of irrigation amount, and the highest was at N3 level.The leaf area index of Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58 at grain filling stage was more suitable under N2W2 treatment, and had stronger photosynthesis and dry matter production capacity of 0.2. The water consumption increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation amount during the whole growth period.Under the same nitrogen fertilizer level, the water consumption of W2 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the peak value of water consumption gradually moved backward with the increase of drip irrigation water.The soil water storage consumption of different nitrogen fertilizer levels and water treatments was significantly different. The soil water storage consumption of Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58 was not significant at N _ 1 N _ 2 level, but higher than that of N _ 3 level, but was higher than that of N _ 3 level.The water storage consumption of W2 treatment was the largest, which was significantly higher than that of W0 treatment. The Wue increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount, and gradually decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The precipitation utilization efficiency (W2W1W0) N _ 2N _ 2N _ 3N _ 1 was significantly different (P < 0.05).Water use efficiency (Wue) of Zhoumai 22 and Daikang58 was the highest under N2W1 treatment, while that of precipitation under N2W2 treatment was the highest. The effects of drip irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer regulation and their interaction on plant nitrogen accumulation were significant.Under the same nitrogen fertilizer level, the total nitrogen accumulation and grain nitrogen accumulation increased with the increase of irrigation amount, and the highest nitrogen use efficiency of Zhoumai 22 under W2 treatment was higher than that of W1 treatment.Dwarf resistance 58 was significantly higher in W1 treatment than in W2 treatment.Under the same water treatment, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level.The nitrogen transport capacity of vegetative organs of Zhoumai 22 and Daikang58 reached the maximum value of .5in N _ 2W _ 2N _ 3W _ 1 treatment, and 10 mm slightly sprayed at the late filling stage of wheat, which could significantly reduce the canopy temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and increase the ear layer of winter wheat.The relative humidity and leaf water potential of flag leaf were 30 cm under ear and 60 cm below ear.In the high temperature period of 12: 00-16: 00, the canopy microenvironment of N _ 2W _ 2 treatment was superior to that of other treatments, and the leaf water potential was significantly higher than that of other treatments 0.13-1.16 MPa on the next day after micro-spraying.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between yield and canopy relative humidity, extremely significant positive correlation with leaf water potential of flag leaf, negative correlation with canopy temperature and canopy CO2 concentration, but no significant difference.In general, when the nitrogen application level was 250kg hm-2, 75% drip irrigation with relative water content of 0-100cm soil layer as the field water capacity was used in jointing and flowering stage before sowing, and the highest yield was obtained by micro-sprinkling irrigation of 10mm, Zhoumai 22mm, Aikang 58 at late filling stage.The water and nitrogen use efficiency were 6684.71 ~ 6952.39 kg 路h ~ (-2) 路h ~ (-2), respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S512.11

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