本文選題：馬耳山 + 林型��； 參考：《沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：森林燃燒的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)是森林可燃物,森林可燃物也是火行為的主體,研究森林可燃物可為劃分森林火險(xiǎn)等級(jí)、預(yù)報(bào)森林火災(zāi)、科學(xué)管理森林可燃物提供重要的理論依據(jù)。本文通過(guò)調(diào)查研究馬耳山景區(qū)森林主要類型及地表可燃物含水率、載荷量、燃燒性及不同火險(xiǎn)等級(jí)林型,為該地區(qū)地表可燃物的科學(xué)管理、控制森林火災(zāi)發(fā)生提供重要依據(jù)。具體研究結(jié)果如下:(1)以踏查的方式調(diào)查了沈陽(yáng)馬耳山景區(qū)的森林類型和每種林型下地表可燃物的種類組成,結(jié)果表明:沈陽(yáng)馬耳山的主要林型有12種,分別為油松人工純林、松櫟混交林、遼東櫟純林、樺櫟混交林、櫟榛混交林、蒙古櫟落葉松混交林、槲櫟純林、花曲柳純林、山杏林、山楊林、雜木林和長(zhǎng)白落葉松林。其各種林型下,不同層次可燃物組成不同,其中灌木層和草本層蓋度也不一致。(2)以抽取樣方法調(diào)查研究了該景區(qū)內(nèi)各種林型下地表可燃物含水率及載荷量以及地表可燃物載荷量與林分條件和立地條件的關(guān)系。結(jié)果顯示:不同林型下地表可燃物的含水率差異很大。北坡含水率最高。油松林人工純林、黑樺遼東櫟混交林、花曲柳純林3個(gè)林型平均含水率比較高,而槲櫟純林、山楊林、雜木林的平均含水率比較低。(3)采用外業(yè)調(diào)查和稱量法,研究沈陽(yáng)馬耳山景區(qū)主要林型地表可燃物載荷量,結(jié)果顯示:除油松人工純林外,其它幾種林型的單位面積上地表可燃物載荷量均大于15 t/hm2,普遍屬于載荷量較大類型。在林分因子中,地表可燃物載荷量均表現(xiàn)隨著林分密度、林齡增大呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系;在立地因子中,坡向表現(xiàn)為南坡地表可燃物載荷量南坡最高,北坡最低。坡位是隨著增高地表可燃物載荷量呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。(4)以室內(nèi)儀器測(cè)定法對(duì)該景區(qū)主要林型地表可燃凋落物燃燒性進(jìn)行測(cè)定,結(jié)果表明:12種林型中地表可燃物綜合燃燒性比較最易燃的為油松人工純林,最不易燃的為山楊林及山杏林,較易燃林型有槲櫟榛子混交林、油松遼東櫟混交林、遼東櫟純林、蒙古櫟落葉松混交林、槲櫟純林、花曲柳純林、黑樺遼東櫟混交林、雜木林、落葉松林。(5)采用模糊聚類分析法,以馬耳山景區(qū)各林型為聚類單元,選取可燃物載荷量、含水率、燃燒性能等與燃燒關(guān)系密切的影響因素作為聚類因子,劃分出該地區(qū)不同火險(xiǎn)等級(jí)(Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ-Ⅳ)林型,分析結(jié)果如下:該景區(qū)各個(gè)林型綜合森林火險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為:最易燃燒的Ⅰ級(jí)火險(xiǎn)林型有1個(gè),即油松人工純林。Ⅱ級(jí)別火險(xiǎn)林型有3個(gè),分別為油松遼東櫟混交林、槲櫟榛子混交林、雜木林。Ⅲ級(jí)火險(xiǎn)林型有6個(gè),分別為遼東櫟純林、蒙古櫟落葉松混交林、槲櫟純林、花曲柳純林、黑樺落葉松混交林、長(zhǎng)白落葉松純林。Ⅳ級(jí)火險(xiǎn)林型有3個(gè),為山杏林和山楊林。
[Abstract]:The material foundation of forest combustion is forest combustible, and forest combustible matter is also the main body of fire behavior. The study of forest combustibles can provide important theoretical basis for dividing forest fire risk grade, forecasting forest fire, and scientifically managing forest combustible matter.In this paper, the main types of forest and surface combustible water content, load, combustibility and forest types of different fire risk grades in Mal'shan scenic spot are investigated, which provides an important basis for the scientific management of surface combustible matter and the control of forest fire in this area.The specific research results are as follows: (1) the forest types and the composition of surface combustible substances under each forest type in Shenyang Mal'shan scenic spot were investigated by treadmill. The results show that there are 12 main forest types in Shenyang Mal'shan, which are pure artificial forests of Pinus tabulaeformis, respectively.Pine and Quercus mixed Forest, Liaodong Quercus mixed Forest, Betula Quercus mixed Forest, Quercus Hazel mixed Forest, Mongolian Quercus Larix mixed Forest, Quercetin Quercus Quercus Pure Forest, Flower Curly Willow Pure Forest, Apricot Forest, Mountain Yang Lin, Heterwood Forest and Larix Larix Forest.Under various forest types, the combustible composition of different layers is different,Among them, the coverage of shrub layer and herbaceous layer is also inconsistent. 2) the relationship between surface combustible moisture content and load under various forest types, and the relationship between surface combustible load amount and stand condition and site condition in this scenic area were investigated by sampling method.The results show that the moisture content of surface combustible matter varies greatly under different forest types.The North Slope has the highest moisture content.In pure forest of Pinus tabulaeformis, mixed forest of black birch and Quercus liaodong, pure forest of flowered willow, the average moisture content of three forest types was relatively high, while the average moisture content of pure Quercus querceana forest, mountain Yang Lin and hybrid forest was low.This paper studies the load of surface combustible matter of main forest types in Mal'shan scenic spot of Shenyang. The results show that except for pure forest of Pinus tabulaeformis, the load of surface combustible matter on the unit area of several forest types is more than 15 t / hm ~ (2), which generally belongs to the larger type of load.Among stand factors, the amount of surface fuel load was negatively correlated with stand density, and the slope direction was the highest in the south slope and the lowest in the north slope.The slope position was negatively correlated with the increase of surface combustible load.) the combustibility of combustible litter in the main forest types of the scenic spot was measured by indoor instrument.The results showed that among the 12 forest types, the most flammable was pure Pinus tabulaeformis forest, the least flammable forest was mountain Yang Lin and apricot forest, and the combustible forest types were quercetin hazelnut mixed forest, Pinus tabulaeformis Liodong oak mixed forest and Liaodong oak pure forest.The mixed forest of Mongolian oak and larch, the pure forest of Quercus mongolica, the pure forest of Quercus mongolica, the pure forest of Quercus mongolica, the pure forest of Quercus mongolica, the mixed forest of Quercus mongolica, the mixed forest of Quercus mongolica, the mixed forest of Quercus mongolica, the mixed forest of Quercus mongolica and the forest of Larix gmelinii.As cluster factors, combustion performance and other factors closely related to combustion were classified into different fire risk grades (鈪，

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