本文選題：凍融作用　切入點(diǎn)：有效磷　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作物秸稈還田后可通過改變土壤理化性質(zhì)和環(huán)境來影響作物生長期土壤磷素有效性。在我國東北地區(qū),由于春季反復(fù)凍融作用土壤結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致土壤有效磷含量極不穩(wěn)定。目前關(guān)于不同秸稈還田方式對凍融期土壤磷有效性影響作用及機(jī)理的報(bào)道并不多見。本試驗(yàn)采用室內(nèi)模擬方法,研究凍融作用下傳統(tǒng)秸稈還田和秸稈熱解成生物炭還田對凍融對棕壤有效磷以及相關(guān)性質(zhì)變化規(guī)律,探討不同秸稈還田方式對東北春季作物生長初期土壤養(yǎng)分供應(yīng)狀況影響機(jī)理,研究結(jié)果在東北地區(qū)秸稈還田實(shí)踐和理論方面均有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。得出主要結(jié)論如下:(1)段狀和粉狀還田均可以顯著提高土壤中有效磷的含量,但在同一施加量下粉狀秸稈提高的明顯。試驗(yàn)中各處理前5次凍融循環(huán)其土壤中有效磷含量不穩(wěn)定,隨著凍融試驗(yàn)的進(jìn)行其含量逐漸趨于平穩(wěn),最后還有少量上升的趨勢。兩種還田方式均在第5次左右土壤中的有效磷含量達(dá)到峰值,此時(shí)施加段狀秸稈和粉狀秸稈土壤中有效磷含量均值分別為22.23mg.kg-1、22.97mg.kg-1,較未進(jìn)行凍融時(shí)分別提高了 19.58%、23.56%。(2)秸稈直接還田后,磷酸酶活性為CK施加段狀秸稈施加粉狀秸稈。同一種還田方式下,土壤中磷酸酶活性均為CK2%4%6%。在整個(gè)凍融循環(huán)過程中,兩種秸稈還田方式下電導(dǎo)率大小與磷酸酶活性變化有著相似的規(guī)律。且這兩種還田方式下,有效磷含量與磷酸酶活性和電導(dǎo)率這兩個(gè)指標(biāo)之間的相關(guān)性均達(dá)到顯著水平。從整體來看,凍融過程中電導(dǎo)率對磷素的影響程度均大于磷酸酶的影響。(3)秸稈熱解制成生物炭還田并培養(yǎng)結(jié)束后,施加生物炭量2%、4°%、6%處理有效磷含量隨生物炭施入量增大而依次增加,且均明顯高于對照處理20%以上。各處理在第5次凍融左右達(dá)到峰值,有效磷含量增加幅度隨生物炭施加量增加而減小。在第20次凍融循環(huán)后各處理有效磷含量相對達(dá)到谷值,施加生物炭量2%、4%、6%處理有效磷含量較未凍融時(shí)分別降低了 18.9%、8.2%、9.5%。(4)分析生物炭輸入后棕壤pH值、電導(dǎo)率、有機(jī)質(zhì)和磷酸酶活性等生物化學(xué)性質(zhì)對凍融作用的響應(yīng),結(jié)果為:生物炭施加除對5-30次凍融循環(huán)階段土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量無顯著影響外,對各凍融階段其他指標(biāo)都有顯著性影響。凍融作用對土壤酸堿度、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量影響較顯著,但是對電導(dǎo)率、磷酸酶活性影響不顯著。在凍融循環(huán)各階段,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、電導(dǎo)率與有效磷含量都呈顯著正相關(guān)。(5)秸稈還田后土壤中有效磷含量均高于未還田,且同一施加量下土壤中有效磷含量總體表現(xiàn)為SSPSBS,無論哪種還田方式其土壤中有效磷含量均是:施加量6%4%2%CK,且呈先緩慢增加直至3-5次時(shí)迅速增加至峰值之后緩慢減少最后逐漸趨于平穩(wěn)的變化趨勢。
[Abstract]:Soil phosphorus availability can be affected by changing soil physical and chemical properties and environment after crop straw is returned to the field.In Northeast China, the soil structure was changed because of repeated freezing and thawing in spring, which led to the instability of soil available phosphorus content.At present, there are few reports about the effect and mechanism of different straw returning methods on soil phosphorus availability during freezing and thawing period.In this experiment, indoor simulation method was used to study the changes of available phosphorus and related properties of brown soil by traditional straw return and straw pyrolysis to brown soil under freezing and thawing.The effects of different straw returning methods on the soil nutrient supply in the early spring crop growth in Northeast China were discussed. The results of the study are of certain guiding significance in the practice and theory of straw returning to the field in Northeast China.The main conclusions were as follows: (1) the content of available phosphorus in the soil could be increased significantly by the addition of the two fractions, but under the same applied amount, the content of the available phosphorus in the soil could be increased obviously.During the first five freeze-thaw cycles, the content of available phosphorus in the soil was unstable, and gradually stabilized with the freezing and thawing test. Finally, there was a small increase in the content of phosphorus in the soil.The available phosphorus content in the soil reached its peak value at the fifth time, and the mean value of available phosphorus content in the soil was 22.23 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) and 22.97 mg 路kg ~ (-1), respectively, which increased 19.58% ~ 23.56.2mg 路kg ~ (-1) straw directly after returning to the field.The activity of phosphatase was that CK applied segmental straw to powdery straw.In the same way, the activity of phosphatase in the soil was CK245.During the whole freeze-thaw cycle, the electrical conductivity and phosphatase activity of the two kinds of straw returning to the field had similar regularity.The correlation between the available phosphorus content and the activity of phosphatase and the conductivity of phosphatase reached a significant level under these two ways of returning to the field.As a whole, the effect of electrical conductivity on phosphorus during freezing and thawing was greater than that of phosphatase.The content of available phosphorus increased with the increase of the amount of biochar application, and was significantly higher than that of the control treatment (above 20%).The peak value of each treatment was reached at the fifth freeze-thaw stage, and the increase of available phosphorus content decreased with the increase of the amount of biochar.After the 20th freeze-thaw cycle, the available phosphorus content of each treatment reached the valley value, and the available phosphorus content of the treatment with 2% biochar was decreased by 18.9% and 8.2%, respectively, compared with that without freezing and thawing. The pH value and electrical conductivity of brown soil were analyzed after the input of biochar.The response of biochemical properties such as organic matter and phosphatase activity to freezing and thawing was found. The results were as follows: except for no significant effect on soil organic matter content in 5-30 freezing and thawing cycles, the application of biochar had a significant effect on other indexes in each freezing and thawing stage.Freezing and thawing had significant effects on soil pH and organic matter content, but had no significant effect on electrical conductivity and phosphatase activity.In each stage of freeze-thaw cycle, organic matter content, electrical conductivity and available phosphorus content were significantly positively correlated.The content of available phosphorus in the soil under the same amount of application was SSPSBS.The available phosphorus content in the soil was 642 CKs by applying 642 CKs, and increased slowly until the peak value increased to the peak at 3-5 times and then decreased slowly.Finally, a steady trend of change.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S141.4

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