本文選題：西伯利亞杏　切入點：引種適應性　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：山杏因其生態(tài)適應性強、經(jīng)濟價值高,成為遼西地區(qū)重要的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟型樹種。為培育豐產(chǎn)、抗凍、抗旱的優(yōu)良品種,提高山杏的經(jīng)濟效益,從俄羅斯外貝加爾邊疆區(qū)引入西伯利亞杏優(yōu)良種質(zhì)的種子和接穗,在遼西地區(qū)的喀左縣繁育家系和無性系苗木進行引種試驗,目前引種試驗已進入第5年。本文通過對引種西伯利亞杏家系和無性系苗期的成活率、保存率、生長量、物候,以及幼樹的形態(tài)性狀、經(jīng)濟性狀的觀測,研究分析俄羅斯種源西伯利亞杏的引種適應性。結(jié)果表明:引種山杏家系保存率與成活率基本相同,無性系的保存率低于成活率,引種山杏在喀左地區(qū)能安全越冬;引種山杏的物候期均早于喀左種源山杏,尤其是落葉期,俄羅斯種源山杏落葉較喀左當?shù)胤N源山杏提前30～45d,生長期短,提前封頂;引種家系的苗高和地徑均低于當?shù)胤N源山杏,絕大部分無性系的苗高和地徑低于當?shù)胤N源山杏。從苗期數(shù)據(jù)看,家系513號,無性系J510號、J505號表現(xiàn)良好。引種山杏家系的葉尖形狀以長漸尖居多,葉片形狀以卵圓形為主,葉基形狀以楔形為主,葉表被毛以有毛為主,葉背被毛以無毛為主,小枝顏色以灰褐色和紅褐色為主,果枝以中果枝為主。無性系除葉表被毛以無毛為主,其余質(zhì)量性狀與家系基本一致;引種山杏家系除樹高、葉片長度、葉片寬度外,其他性狀變異系數(shù)均在25%以上。無性系除葉片長度、葉片寬度外,其他性狀變異系數(shù)均在20%以上;除樹高的遺傳力較低外,引種山杏家系的小枝長度、小枝粗度、葉柄長度、干徑、冠幅、主枝基角、腺體數(shù)量、葉片寬度、葉片長度的家系遺傳力在0.5以上。除干徑、腺體數(shù)這2個性狀的重復力較低外,引種山杏無性系的其他性狀的重復力均達到0.7以上。引種山杏無性系完全花比例和坐果率呈極顯著正相關(guān);花束果枝坐果率最高,短果枝、中果枝次之,長果枝坐果率最低,所以在引種山杏管理中要注意對花束果枝的培養(yǎng);從單果重、單核重和單仁重三個方面綜合考慮,引種山杏家系519、523號,無性系J511、J513號經(jīng)濟性狀較好;引種山杏家系主要經(jīng)濟性狀變異系數(shù)都在7%以上,其中出核率的變異系數(shù)最大,為20.2%.無性系主要經(jīng)濟性狀變異性都在8%以上,其中出核率的變異系數(shù)最大,達46.9%;引種山杏家系除果寬、核厚、單果重、果長的遺傳力較低外,其他性狀遺傳力均在0.5以上。無性系的全部13個經(jīng)濟性狀重復力均較高,在0.7以上。上述研究結(jié)果為培育豐產(chǎn)、抗凍、抗旱的山杏良種提供了科學依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Because of its strong ecological adaptability and high economic value, armeniaca armeniaca has become an important ecoeconomic tree species in western Liaoning. In order to cultivate good varieties of high yield, frost resistance and drought resistance, the economic benefits of apricot can be improved. The seeds and scions of Siberian apricot germplasm were introduced from the outer Baikal region of Russia, and the breeding families and clones seedlings were introduced in Kazuo County, western Liaoning Province. At present, the introduction experiment has entered its fifth year. The survival rate, preservation rate, growth rate, phenology, morphological characters and economic characteristics of young trees were observed in the seedling stage of introduced Siberian apricot families and clones. The results showed that the survival rate and survival rate of introduced apricot families were basically the same, the preservation rate of clones was lower than the survival rate, and the introduced apricot could survive safely in Kazuo area. The phenological period of introduced apricot was earlier than that of Kazuo provenance, especially the deciduous period. Russian provenance was 30 ~ 45 days earlier than that of Kazuo local provenance, the growing period was shorter and the top was closed in advance, and the seedling height and ground path of introduced family were lower than that of local provenance. The seedling height and ground diameter of most clones were lower than that of local provenances. From the seedling data, the pedigree 513 and clone J510 and J505 performed well. The leaf tip shape of the introduced apricot family was mostly long and tapered, and the leaf shape was mainly oval. The shape of leaf base is mainly wedge-shaped, the surface coat is hairy, the back of leaf is hairless, the color of branchlets is mainly grayish brown and reddish brown, and the fruit branches are mainly mesocarp branches. The coefficient of variation of other characters was more than 25% except for tree height, leaf length and leaf width, except for leaf length and leaf width of clones, except for leaf length, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width and leaf width. The coefficient of variation of other characters was above 20%, except for the low heritability of tree height, the length of branchlets, the diameter of branchlets, the length of petiole, the diameter of stem, the width of crown, the angle of main branch, the number of glands and the width of leaves of introduced apricot families. The heritability of leaf length in families was above 0.5. Except for dry diameter and glandular number, the repeatability of the two traits was lower. The reproducibility of other characters of introduced almond clones was more than 0.7. There was a significant positive correlation between total flower percentage and fruit setting rate of introduced apricot clones, the fruit setting rate of flower bouquet was the highest, that of short fruit branch was the highest, that of middle fruit branch was the second, and that of long fruit branch was the lowest. Therefore, in the management of introduced apricot, we should pay attention to the cultivation of the fruit branch of flower bouquet, considering the three aspects of single fruit weight, single kernel weight and single kernel weight, the economic characters of introduced apricot family 519523 and clone J511J513 are better. The coefficient of variation of the main economic characters of the introduced apricot families was above 7%, and the coefficient of variation of the nucleation rate was the highest, which was 20.20.The variation coefficient of the main economic characters of the clones was above 8%, among which the coefficient of variation of the nucleation rate was the highest. The heritability of all 13 economic traits was higher than 0.5 except for the heritability of fruit width, kernel thickness, single fruit weight and fruit length. Above 0.7. The above results provide scientific basis for the cultivation of high yield, cold resistant and drought resistant varieties of almonds.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S662.2

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