本文選題：玉米自交系　切入點：鹽脅迫　出處：《寧夏大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為研究玉米自交系在鹽脅迫下的響應規(guī)律,篩選耐鹽材料,構建耐鹽鑒定技術體系,為寧夏銀北地區(qū)鹽堿地玉米適應性栽培,玉米耐鹽性評價提供理論依據(jù)。本試驗以來自不同區(qū)域的玉米自交系為材料,采用室內(nèi)模擬鹽脅迫和田間試驗相結合的方式研究了玉米自交系不同生育時期對鹽脅迫的響應規(guī)律,分別測定了發(fā)芽率、發(fā)芽勢、鹽害率、耐鹽指數(shù)、株高、莖粗、葉面積、生物量、膜透性、丙二醛、脯氨酸、抗氧化酶活性等形態(tài)和生理生化指標;光合參數(shù)、產(chǎn)量及產(chǎn)量構成的變化規(guī)律;揭示了玉米自交系對鹽脅迫的響應規(guī)律,且在上述研究基礎上通過兩種鑒定方法的比較構建玉米耐鹽性鑒定技術體系,篩選耐鹽材料。主要研究結果如下:1、室內(nèi)不同自交系種子萌發(fā)試驗結果表明:鹽脅迫會抑制玉米自交系種子的萌發(fā),經(jīng)隸屬函數(shù)綜合分析,對72份玉米自交系材料的耐鹽性強弱做出評價,得到10份耐鹽材料114/A,秦青農(nóng)/05m、H816、KH207、春 2-1、遼 3162,77、L172、F140、北 6、KH831、L277 自交。鹽脅迫下自交系的發(fā)芽率、發(fā)芽勢、相對發(fā)芽率、相對發(fā)芽勢下降,鹽脅迫濃度越大,下降幅度越大,耐鹽材料的下降幅度低于敏鹽材料。2、室內(nèi)盆栽試驗結果表明:鹽脅迫會抑制玉米自交系幼苗的生長,亦會導致其生理生化指標發(fā)生變化,依各指標綜合評價結果得到10份耐鹽材料F140、春2-1、A27-1、1583、KH207、H482、114/A,秦青農(nóng)/05m、A27-2-1、A27-4-2、B13。玉米幼苗的苗高、莖粗、葉面積、葉綠素含量、生物量均隨脅迫程度的增加而下降,且對地下部的影響大于地上部,從而引起根冠比增加;玉米自交系葉片的生理生化指標亦發(fā)生明顯的變化來降低鹽對其傷害,細胞膜透性增大,脯氨酸、丙二醛含量顯著增加,抗氧化酶活性顯著提高,且耐鹽材料的變化幅度小于敏鹽材料。3、田間試驗結果表明:鹽脅迫對不同生育時期玉米自交系的形態(tài)、光合及產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)生顯著影響,依田間試驗耐鹽性綜合評價結果可得4份高度耐鹽玉米自交系材料:KH207、KH831、A27-2-1、F140。鹽脅迫下,不同生育時期玉米自交系的生長受到抑制,株高、莖粗下降;凈光合速率、葉綠素含量、有機物生產(chǎn)能力下降,產(chǎn)量降低,鹽脅迫濃度與產(chǎn)量顯著負相關,耐鹽材料的產(chǎn)量高于敏鹽材料。隨著鹽脅迫濃度的增加玉米自交系材料的凈光合速率、氣孔導度降低,胞間二氧化碳濃度上升,蒸騰速率加劇,耐鹽材料的變化幅度低于敏鹽材料。玉米出苗至拔節(jié)期對鹽脅迫不敏感,耐鹽性較強。玉米大喇叭口期是玉米最耐鹽的生育時期,開花期是玉米對鹽脅迫最敏感,最不耐鹽的生育時期。玉米灌漿期對鹽脅迫的敏感性、耐鹽能力小于大喇叭口期,高于開花期。4、通過主成分分析得到耐鹽鑒定技術體系:在本試驗條件下,0.3%的NaCl溶液為萌發(fā)期耐鹽性鑒定適宜濃度,耐鹽指數(shù)、相對發(fā)芽率、相對鹽害率、發(fā)芽率為適宜指標。0.45%的NaCl溶液為室內(nèi)盆栽耐鹽性鑒定適宜濃度,莖粗、單葉面積、葉綠素相對含量(SPAD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過氧化物酶(POD)、含水量為適宜指標。株高、莖粗、SPAD、出苗率為玉米自交系出苗期耐鹽性鑒定適宜指標。株高為玉米自交系拔節(jié)期耐鹽性鑒定適宜指標。株高、SPAD、凈光合速率(Pn)、氣孔導度(Gs)、胞間二氧化碳濃度(Ci)、蒸騰速率(Tr)為玉米自交系大喇叭口期耐鹽性鑒定適宜指標。株高、莖粗、Pn為玉米自交系開花期耐鹽性鑒定適宜指標。株高、莖粗、SPAD、Pn為玉米自交系灌漿期耐鹽性鑒定適宜指標。葉片持綠性、行粒數(shù)、單穗產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)量為玉米自交系成熟期耐鹽性鑒定適宜指標。土壤全鹽含量為5.76g/kg,可以作為玉米自交系田間耐鹽性鑒定適宜濃度。5、綜合三種鑒定結果可得:玉米自交系材料KH207、F140、H482、北6、1583的耐鹽性較強,可在后續(xù)試驗中進行耐鹽玉米新品種選用及玉米鹽堿地栽培研究。6、在本試驗條件下,材料KH207、L488、L277自交、7922適宜在含鹽量為3.91 g/kg 土壤條件下栽培;材料L172、H482、B13、F140、春2-1適宜在含鹽量為5.76g/kg的土壤條件下栽培,材料A27-2-1、H816、亞8-2-2、114/A,秦青農(nóng)/05m、1583適宜在含鹽量為7.97g/kg的土壤條件下栽培。
[Abstract]:On the response of Maize Inbred Lines under salt stress, salt tolerance, salt tolerance identification technology system construction, corn adaptability cultivation of saline soil in Ningxia northern area, Maize Salt Tolerance Evaluation and provide a theoretical basis. In this experiment, from different regions of maize inbred lines as materials, by indoor simulation and salt stress the field test is studied by the way of combining maize inbred lines at different growth stages on response of salt stress, were determined in the germination rate, germination potential, salt damage rate, salt tolerance index, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, biomass, membrane permeability, MDA, proline, morphology and physiological and biochemical indexes of resistance enzyme activity; photosynthetic parameters, variation of yield and yield components; reveals the responses of salt stress of maize inbred lines, and the comparison through two kinds of identification methods based on the research on the construction of the salt tolerance identification of maize. Operation system, selection of salt tolerant materials. The main results are as follows: 1. The interior of different inbred lines in seed germination test results showed that salt stress could inhibit the germination of maize seed, through comprehensive analysis of membership function, to make the evaluation of the strength of the salt tolerance of 72 Maize Inbred Lines, 10 salt tolerant materials 114/A, /05m H816, Qingnong Qin, KH207, spring 2-1, Liao 3162,77, L172, F140, KH831, L277 North 6 inbred inbred lines under salt stress. The germination rate, germination potential, relative germination rate, relative germination potential decreased, the concentration of salt stress is greater, the greater the degree of decrease, salt tolerant materials the decline is lower than that of the salt sensitive material.2, indoor pot experiment showed that salt stress could inhibit the growth of seedlings of maize inbred lines, will also lead to the physiological and biochemical changes, according to the comprehensive evaluation results of each index were 10 salt tolerant materials F140, spring 2-1, A27-11583, KH207, H482114/A, Qin Qing A27-2-1, A27-4-2, /05m farm, B13. maize seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content and biomass were decreased with the increasing stress, and the influence of underground part is larger than that in shoots, causing the root shoot ratio increased; physiological and biochemical indexes of leaf of maize inbred lines were also changed to reduce salt on the damage, the cell membrane permeability, proline, MDA content increased significantly, the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased significantly, and the amplitude of variation of salt tolerant materials than salt sensitive material.3, field test results showed that the salt stress of different growth stages of maize inbred lines was significantly influenced by morphology, photosynthesis and yield, according to the the field test of the comprehensive evaluation results obtained in 4 highly salt tolerant maize inbred lines: KH207, KH831, A27-2-1, F140. under salt stress, different growth stages of maize inbred line growth was inhibited, the plant height, stem diameter decreased net photosynthesis; Photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, decreased organic matter production capacity of reduced production, the concentration of salt stress had a negative correlation with yield, salt tolerant materials yield was higher than that of the salt sensitive materials. With the concentration of salt stress increased net photosynthesis of maize inbred lines of the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance decreased, intercellular CO2 concentration increased, transpiration rate increased that variation of salt tolerant materials is lower than that of the salt sensitive materials. Corn seedling to jointing stage is not sensitive to salt stress, salt tolerance is strong. The big trumpet period of the maize growth period of maize is the most salt tolerant maize, flowering stage was the most sensitive to salt stress, the salt tolerance of Maize during Grain Filling on stage. The sensitivity of salt stress, salt tolerance is less than the large bell stage, flowering stage is higher than that of.4, by principal component analysis of salt tolerance identification system: in this experiment, 0.3% NaCl solution for germination salt tolerance identification of suitable concentration, salt tolerance refers to 鏁，

本文編號：1685029