發(fā)布時間：2018-03-26 05:53

  本文選題：超高產(chǎn)大豆　切入點：嫁接　出處：《沈陽農業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究以來自相同的祖先親本(Williams和Amsoy)且地理緯度相同的美國俄亥俄州(38.45～41.22° N)和中國遼寧省(38.55～42.32° N)不同年代育成的11個代表性大豆品種為接穗,于子葉期分別與超高產(chǎn)大豆品種遼豆14和中黃35的砧木進行嫁接,以11個不同年代育成品種的自身嫁接處理與不嫁接處理作為對照。在盆栽條件下,測定大豆的根系生理性狀、葉片光合生理性狀、葉片保護酶活性、各器官的養(yǎng)分含量、植株農藝性狀和品質性狀。探討嫁接超高產(chǎn)品種砧木對不同年代育成品種形態(tài)、生理、產(chǎn)量和品質的影響,試圖明確根系改良對產(chǎn)量形成的重要性,從而揭示根系改良在大豆育種中的作用。研究結果如下:1.超高產(chǎn)大豆根系的生理功能優(yōu)勢以超高產(chǎn)品種做砧木進行嫁接處理,會對不同年代育成品種的根系傷流液重量和根系活力產(chǎn)生顯著影響。與品種自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種遼豆14砧木或中黃35砧木上后,其R5和R6期的根系傷流液重量和根系活力得到顯著提高。由此說明,超高產(chǎn)品種遼豆14和中黃35在生殖生長期具有較強的根系生理活性。2.超高產(chǎn)大豆砧木對不同年代育成品種光合生理的影響葉片的光合速率、氣孔導度、蒸騰速率和葉色值均呈單峰曲線變化,其中,光合速率、氣孔導度、蒸騰速率于R2期達到高峰值,葉色值于R4期達到高峰值,而后開始呈下降趨勢。R5至R6期間,不同年代育成品種嫁接到自身砧木上后,植株葉片的光合速率、氣孔導度、蒸騰速率和葉色值平均每天分別下降1.43%、3.67%、3.38%和0.82%,而嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,植株相應地平均每天分別下降了 1.11%、3.26%、2.05%和0.48%。即嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,鼓粒期葉片的光合速率、氣孔導度、蒸騰速率和葉色值的下降速率顯著降低。由此說明,根系改良能夠使不同年代育成品種的葉片在生殖生長期仍保持較高的光合特性。3.超高產(chǎn)大豆砧木對不同年代育成品種葉片保護酶活性的影響以超高產(chǎn)品種做砧木進行嫁接處理,會對不同年代育成品種鼓粒期葉片的保護酶活性產(chǎn)生極顯著影響。SOD活性和POD活性在嫁接處理與品種間的互作效應達顯著水平。與品種自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,不同年代育成品種的SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性和MDA含量分別提高了 19.69%、83.29%、61.17%和30.22%。4.超高產(chǎn)大豆砧木對不同年代育成品種養(yǎng)分吸收和積累的影響以超高產(chǎn)品種做砧木進行嫁接處理,對不同年代育成品種各器官的氮、磷、鉀的百分含量影響趨勢大致相同。與品種自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,不同年代育成品種莖稈與籽粒的氮、磷、鉀的百分含量與積累量均得到了提高。其中,當代品種的增幅大于共同親本和中期品種。與品種自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,不同年代育成品種的氮、磷、鉀的單株積累量分別提高了 12.01%、10.73%、4.18%,收獲指數(shù)分別提高了 0.54%、0.39%和7.29%,而利用效率則分別下降了 5.67%、2.65%和 3.82%。5.超高產(chǎn)大豆砧木對不同年代育成品種農藝和品質性狀的影響以超高產(chǎn)品種做砧木進行嫁接處理,對不同年代育成品種植株的形態(tài)性狀無顯著影響,對產(chǎn)量和品質性狀存在影響。與品種自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,共同親本、俄亥俄中期、遼寧中期、俄亥俄當代和遼寧當代品種的單株產(chǎn)量分別提高了 4.5%、6.9%、9.4%、15.7%和19.9%。嫁接到超高產(chǎn)大豆砧木上后,不同年代育成品種的單株產(chǎn)量的提高主要歸因于單株莢數(shù)、每莢粒數(shù)、單株粒數(shù)、百粒重和粒莖比的顯著提高。與品種自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,不同年代育成品種的蛋白質含量顯著提高了 1.32%,當代品種的增幅大于中期品種和共同親本,但脂肪含量平均降低了 0.32%。
[Abstract]:From the same ancestor since this study (Williams and Amsoy) and the same latitude in the American state of Ohio (38.45 ~ 41.22 N) and Liaoning province China (38.55 ~ 42.32 N) of 11 representative soybean varieties bred in different eras as scion in cotyledon stage respectively with super high yielding soybean cultivar Liaodou 14 and 35 yellow rootstock were grafted to 11 different cultivars and its grafting grafting treatment as control. Under the condition of pot cultivation, root physiological traits measured in soybean, photosynthetic physiological traits, leaf protective enzyme activities, nutrient content of different organs, traits and quality traits of plants study of super high yield. The agronomic grafting Rootstocks on different cultivars in morphology, physiology, yield and quality, trying to clear the importance of root improvement on the yield formation, so as to reveal the role of root improvement in soybean breeding research. The results are as follows: 1. super high yield soybean root physiological function advantage with super high yielding rootstocks grafting treatment on different years root varieties of SAP weight and root vigor significantly. Compared with the varieties rootstocks grafted plants, high-yield Liaodou 14 rootstocks or yellow 35 the stock after the R5 root injury and R6 stage SAP weight and root activity was improved significantly. Therefore, super high yield Liaodou 14 and yellow 35 in the reproductive growth stage has.2. strong root physiological activity of super high yielding soybean rootstock cultivars in different years affected the photosynthetic physiology of leaves the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf color value showed a single peak curve. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate in R2 reached the peak, the leaf color value in R4 reached the peak, and then began to decline.R During the period of 5 to R6 in different cultivars grafted onto its rootstock, leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf color value per day decreased 1.43%, respectively 3.67%, 3.38% and 0.82%, and grafted to the super high yield varieties rootstocks, corresponding plants decreased average daily 1.11%, 3.26%, 2.05% and 0.48%. is grafted to the super high yield varieties rootstock, pod leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf color value decrease rate decreased significantly. Therefore, the blade root improvement can make different kinds of times bred in the reproductive growth remains high.3. photosynthetic characteristics of super high yielding soybean stocks on different years of protective enzyme activity of Wheat leaves in super high yield varieties rootstock grafting, of different cultivars in seed filling stage of leaf protective enzyme activity produced significantly. Ring significantly.SOD activity and POD activity in the interaction between varieties and grafting effect. Compared with the varieties rootstocks grafted plants, high-yield rootstocks, different cultivars of SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity and MDA content were increased by 19.69%, 61.17% and 83.29%. 30.22%.4. super high yielding soybean stocks on different years of accumulation and absorption of nutrients in super high yield varieties rootstocks grafting treatment for different years in different organs of species of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content influence trend roughly the same. Compared with the varieties rootstocks grafted plants, super high yield rootstock, in different varieties of stem and grain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content accumulation had been improved. Among them, the contemporary varieties increased by more than the common parent and mid varieties. Varieties of their own and do. Compared with wood plants grafted to super high yield varieties rootstocks, different in varieties of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium accumulation per plant were increased by 12.01%, 10.73%, 4.18%, harvest index were increased by 0.54%, 0.39% and 7.29%, while the use efficiency is decreased by 5.67%, 2.65% and 3.82%.5. of super high yielding soybean effect of Rootstocks on different years agronomic and quality traits in super high yield varieties rootstocks for grafting of different years, refined plant morphological traits had no significant effects, effects on Yield and quality traits. Compared with varieties rootstocks grafted plants, high-yield stock, common parents, Ohio middle, mid Liaoning, Ohio and Liaoning contemporary contemporary yield varieties were increased by 4.5%, 6.9%, 9.4%, 15.7% and 19.9%. grafted to super high yield soybean rootstock, bred in different ages The yield per plant varieties increased mainly due to the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed number per plant, increased 100 seed weight and seed stem ratio. Compared with the varieties rootstocks grafted plants, high-yield rootstocks, different years protein content cultivars significantly increased by 1.32% the increase is greater than the middle of contemporary varieties, varieties and common parent, but the average fat content decreased by 0.32%.

【學位授予單位】：沈陽農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S565.1
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本文編號：1666622