本文選題：茄子　切入點(diǎn)：穴盤(pán)育苗　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：以穴盤(pán)育苗為代表的蔬菜集約化育苗已成為一個(gè)新興產(chǎn)業(yè),并逐漸向規(guī)�；�、專業(yè)化和現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展�；|(zhì)是育苗的基礎(chǔ)條件,直接影響著育苗質(zhì)量。目前,對(duì)茄子穴盤(pán)育苗基質(zhì)的研究,大部分集中在對(duì)替代草炭型基質(zhì)篩選及配方研究等方面,但針對(duì)茄子穴盤(pán)育苗基質(zhì)的適宜理化性狀和用量的研究較少。為此,本文以茄子為試材,以草炭、蛭石和珍珠巖為育苗基質(zhì),采用混料試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)研究適宜茄子穴盤(pán)育苗的基質(zhì)理化性狀指標(biāo);在探明培育壯苗所需氮磷鉀養(yǎng)分的基礎(chǔ)上,采用二次飽和D-最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)研究基質(zhì)中氮磷鉀元素適宜添加量,通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)模擬試驗(yàn),進(jìn)而確定適宜茄子穴盤(pán)育苗基質(zhì)的氮磷鉀用量,以期推動(dòng)育苗基質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,簡(jiǎn)化苗期水肥管理環(huán)節(jié),提高育苗質(zhì)量。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.當(dāng)草炭:蛭石:珍珠巖=5:2:3(V:V:V)時(shí),茄子幼苗株高、莖粗、植株干重和壯苗指數(shù)均最大;以壯苗指數(shù)為觀測(cè)值繪制等值線圖,在95%置信區(qū)間下得出茄子無(wú)土育苗基質(zhì)的最適配比(體積比)為草炭36%~62%,蛭石20%~27%,珍珠巖24%~43%;建立了各性狀指標(biāo)與草炭、蛭石、珍珠巖配比的回歸模型,通過(guò)軟件模擬并計(jì)算得到茄子育苗基質(zhì)的適宜理化性狀指標(biāo)為:容重0.25~0.41 g·cm~(-3),總孔隙度73%~89%,pH5.8~6.8,EC 0.59~0.93 ms·cm~(-1)[基質(zhì):蒸餾水=1:5(W/V)],速效氮612.9~830.1 mg·kg-1,速效磷61.6~103.4 mg·kg-1,速效鉀184.6~299.3 mg·kg-1,有機(jī)質(zhì)30.5%~52.6%。通過(guò)驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了計(jì)算機(jī)模擬試驗(yàn)的準(zhǔn)確性,本試驗(yàn)條件下,適宜茄子穴盤(pán)育苗的草炭:蛭石:珍珠巖=4:2:4(V:V:V)。2.在上述驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,得出了茄子壯苗所需氮磷鉀的養(yǎng)分量為N 0.0194g·plant~(-1),P_2O_5 0.0101 g·plant~(-1),K_2O 0.0490 g·plant~(-1),且氮磷鉀養(yǎng)分在茄子幼苗不同部位中的吸收及分配不同。葉中氮磷鉀養(yǎng)分含量最高,氮、磷、鉀養(yǎng)分含量分別占整株的55.87%、51.23%和48.80%,莖中次之,根中最少;而根中K分配率比N、P小,莖中K分配率高于N、P。3.建立了以氮、磷、鉀元素用量為變量因子(包括基質(zhì)中原有速效氮磷鉀含量),茄子壯苗指數(shù)為目標(biāo)函數(shù)的三元二次數(shù)學(xué)模型。通過(guò)對(duì)模型解析表明,氮、磷、鉀對(duì)茄子壯苗指數(shù)均有顯著影響,影響效應(yīng)以氮肥最高,磷肥次之,鉀肥最低;單因子效應(yīng)分析可得,當(dāng)N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量分別達(dá)到480.94 g·m~(-3)、729.99 g·m~(-3)、886.66 g·m~(-3)時(shí),壯苗指數(shù)取得極大值;邊際效應(yīng)分析可得,當(dāng)N、P_2O_5、K_2O投入量分別為419.19 g·m~(-3)、710.22 g·m~(-3)、861.51 g·m~(-3)時(shí),邊際壯苗指數(shù)的效應(yīng)值為0。最終通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行最優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)模擬,得出了在本試驗(yàn)條件下,茄子集約化穴盤(pán)育苗壯苗指數(shù)在0.22以上的的施肥方案,因子編碼分別為N 0.1393~0.3607、P_2O_5-0.2014~0.1537、K_2O-0.2710~0.1281,換算為氮磷鉀元素用量為N 460.00~536.37 g·m~(-3),P_2O_5 567.79~816.70 g·m~(-3),K_2O633.36~969.16 g·m~(-3)。當(dāng)壯苗指數(shù)最大時(shí),基質(zhì)中實(shí)際用量為N 479.15 g·m~(-3),P_2O_5 731.18g·m~(-3),K_2O 689.91 g·m~(-3)。4.通過(guò)驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),免營(yíng)養(yǎng)液基質(zhì)配方V1的株高、莖粗、干鮮重及壯苗指數(shù)與澆灌營(yíng)養(yǎng)液的對(duì)照CK差異不顯著;CK處理的茄子幼苗葉片葉綠素b含量較高,但V1處理的凈光合速率、葉綠素a、類胡蘿卜素含量、根系活力及根系吸收面積與CK差異不顯著。綜上可知,免營(yíng)養(yǎng)液基質(zhì)與澆灌營(yíng)養(yǎng)液基質(zhì)培育的茄子幼苗均可達(dá)到壯苗標(biāo)準(zhǔn),兩者無(wú)顯著差異。而免營(yíng)養(yǎng)液基質(zhì)配方可推動(dòng)茄子育苗基質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,簡(jiǎn)化苗期水肥管理環(huán)節(jié),因此建議選取N 479.15 g·m~(-3),P_2O_5 731.18 g·m~(-3),K_2O 689.91 g·m~(-3)(包括基質(zhì)中原有養(yǎng)分含量),作為茄子集約化穴盤(pán)育苗免營(yíng)養(yǎng)液基質(zhì)配方在生產(chǎn)中推廣應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:The seedling of vegetables as the representative of the intensive breeding has become an emerging industry, and gradually to scale, specialization and modernization. The matrix is the basic condition of seedling, directly affects the seedling quality. At present, the research on Eggplant Seedling substrates, most concentrated in replace peat matrix screening study and formulation, but for the eggplant seedling substrates suitable for less study on physicochemical properties and dosage. Therefore, taking eggplant as test materials, with peat, vermiculite and perlite as substrate, the mixture design of suitable eggplant seedling physical-chemical characters based on proven cultivation; the seedling of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium on the study of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium in the matrix elements of the optimum adding amount of two times using the saturation D- optimum design, through computer simulation, and then determine the suitability of Eggplant Seedling Substrates The amount of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium, in order to promote seedling standardization, simplify the links of management of water and fertilizer at seedling stage, improve seedling quality. The main results are as follows: 1. when Peat: vermiculite: Perlite =5:2:3 (V:V:V), eggplant seedling height, stem diameter, dry weight and seedling index were the largest in seedling index; the contour map observations, the optimum ratio of 95% confidence intervals obtained under soilless eggplant seedling substrate (volume ratio) for peat 36%~62% vermiculite 20%~27%, perlite 24%~43%; established the characters with peat, vermiculite, perlite mixture regression model, and calculated the eggplant seedling substrate suitable physicochemical characters through software: G cm~ 0.25~0.41 density (-3), 73%~89% pH5.8~6.8 EC, total porosity, 0.59~0.93 MS cm~ (-1) [matrix: distilled water =1:5 (W/V)] 612.9~830.1 mg kg-1, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 61.6~103.4 mg kg-1, 184.6~299.3 mg路kg-1,鏈夋満璐，

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