發(fā)布時間：2018-03-25 03:12

  本文選題：紫花苜蓿　切入點：葉片養(yǎng)分重吸收　出處：《蘭州大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：葉片養(yǎng)分重吸收是植物葉片衰老脫落前將部分養(yǎng)分轉移至其他成活組織的過程,是植物提高養(yǎng)分利用效率、增強環(huán)境適應性、響應干旱等逆境的重要策略之一。紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是雨養(yǎng)農區(qū)的重要作物,能適應一定的貧瘠與干旱,且具有很強的生物固氮能力。但是,隴東雨養(yǎng)農區(qū)降水不均、土壤貧瘠,嚴重限制了苜蓿的高效、可持續(xù)利用。因此,進一步闡明其適應性有助于促進苜蓿的利用和推廣。葉片養(yǎng)分重吸收是植物適應不同環(huán)境的重要機制之一,但其在不同年齡和品種下的表現并不明確。本研究以不同建植年齡(2、4、7、11和14年齡)和品種(隴東、阿爾岡金和新疆大葉)的紫花苜蓿為材料,分析了苜蓿葉片氮、磷重吸收特性及其調控規(guī)律,得到以下主要結果:1)建植年齡對苜蓿葉片氮、磷重吸收效率和重吸收度均影響顯著(P0.05)。隨建植年齡增大,葉片氮重效率(NRE)先增大后減小,葉片氮重吸收度(NRP)呈減小-增大-減小趨勢。葉片磷重吸收效率(PRE)變化與NRE類似,而葉片磷重吸收度(PRP)隨建植年齡增長逐漸減小。一般地,不同年齡苜蓿氮、磷重吸收在刈割茬次間差異顯著,且第一茬顯著高于第二茬(P0.05)。2)葉片氮、磷重吸收的品種間差異較小(P0.05)。NRE僅在1年齡第一茬時新疆大葉顯著低于阿爾岡金和隴東,1年齡第二茬、2年齡第一茬時隴東分別顯著低于阿爾岡金和新疆大葉(P0.05)。NRP僅在1年齡第一茬時新疆大葉顯著低于隴東,2年齡第一茬時與之相反(P0.05)。PRE僅在2年齡第一茬時隴東顯著低于阿爾岡金和新疆大葉,2年齡第二茬時阿爾岡金顯著高于新疆大葉(P0.05)。PRP僅在2年齡第二茬時隴東顯著低于阿爾岡金(P0.05)。1年齡苜蓿的第一茬和第二茬葉片氮、磷重吸收效率和重吸收度均分別低于2年齡,且第一茬顯著高于第二茬(P0.05)。3)成熟葉和衰老葉氮、磷濃度對氮、磷重吸收效率和重吸收度影響顯著(P0.05)。一般地,氮、磷重吸收效率分別與成熟葉氮、磷濃度顯著正相關,與衰老葉氮、磷濃度顯著負相關(P0.05),成熟葉氮、磷濃度分別負向調節(jié)氮、磷重吸收度。4)土壤礦質有效養(yǎng)分對葉片氮、磷重吸收具有影響。不同年齡隴東苜蓿第一茬時,硝態(tài)氮負向調節(jié)NRE和NRP,銨態(tài)氮則發(fā)揮正向調節(jié)作用;有效磷負向調節(jié)PRE和PRP。5)生物固氮對葉片氮、磷重吸收也產生影響。不同年齡隴東紫花苜蓿第一茬時的生物固氮率達51%,與NRE和PRE顯著負相關(P0.05),但與NRP和PRP相關性較弱。第二茬時的生物固氮率為34%,與NER、PRE呈負相關性但不顯著(P㩳0.05),與NRP和PRP的相關性也較弱。不同品種苜蓿的生物固氮對氮、磷重吸收的調節(jié)作用無明顯規(guī)律。綜上所述,紫花苜蓿葉片氮、磷重吸收受品種間的遺傳差異的影響較小,但在不同年齡和茬次間差異顯著(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Leaf nutrient reabsorption is the process of transferring some nutrients to other surviving tissues before leaf senescence and shedding. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an important crop in rain-fed farming areas, which can adapt to certain barren and drought, and has strong biological nitrogen fixation ability. However, rainfall is uneven and soil is poor in the Rain farming area of East Gansu. Therefore, further elucidation of its adaptability is helpful to promote the utilization and popularization of alfalfa. Nutrient reabsorption in leaves is one of the important mechanisms for plants to adapt to different environments. However, the performance of alfalfa at different ages and varieties was not clear. In this study, the leaf nitrogen of alfalfa was analyzed with alfalfa varieties (Longdong, Algangjin and Xinjiang large leaves). The characteristics of phosphorus reuptake and its regulation were studied. The main results were as follows: 1) the age of establishment had a significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus reabsorption efficiency and reabsorption degree of alfalfa leaves. With the increase of plant age, leaf nitrogen and weight efficiency (NREs) increased first and then decreased. Leaf phosphorus reabsorption efficiency (PRE) was similar to that of NRE, while leaf phosphorus reabsorption decreased with the increase of planting age. Generally speaking, the nitrogen content of alfalfa at different ages decreased gradually, but the change of leaf phosphorus reabsorption efficiency (PRE) was similar to that of leaf P reabsorption efficiency (PRE), but the leaf P reabsorption ratio (P reabsorption) decreased gradually with the increase of planting age. Phosphorus reuptake was significantly different among cutting times, and the first crop was significantly higher than that of the second crop (P0.05N. 2), and the nitrogen of the first crop was significantly higher than that of the second crop (P0.05N. 2). The difference of P reuptake among cultivars was smaller than that of Algangjin and Longdong in the first year. NRE was significantly lower in Xinjiang than that in Algangjin and Longdong in the first year, respectively, compared with that in Algangjin and Xinjiang at the first year. NRP was only significantly lower in Longdong than that in Algangjin and Xinjiang at the first year of age. NRE was significantly lower than that of Algangjin and Xinjiang in the first year. In the first generation of age, Xinjiang leaves were significantly lower than those in east Gansu Province in the first generation, and in the first generation, they were significantly lower than those in Algangjin and Xinjiang in the second generation of the second generation of age, only in the first generation of the second generation of age, the level of Algangjin was significantly higher than that in Xinjiang. The nitrogen of the first and second crop leaves of alfalfa was significantly lower in Longdong than that in Algangjin P0.051.The first and second crop of alfalfa were only in the second generation of age. Phosphorus reabsorption efficiency and reabsorption degree were lower than 2 years old respectively, and the first crop was significantly higher than that of the second crop (P0.05U. 3) nitrogen in mature leaves and senescent leaves. Phosphorus concentration had a significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus reabsorption efficiency and reabsorption degree. Phosphorus reabsorption efficiency was positively correlated with leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, and negatively correlated with leaf N and P concentration. Leaf N and P concentrations were negatively regulated by N and P concentrations in mature leaves, respectively. In the first crop of Longdong alfalfa at different ages, nitrate negatively regulated NRE and NRP, ammonium played a positive regulatory role, and available phosphorus negatively regulated PRE and PRP.5) biological nitrogen fixation on leaf nitrogen. The biological nitrogen fixation rate was 51in the first crop of Longdong alfalfa at different ages, significantly negatively correlated with NRE and PRE, but weakly correlated with NRP and PRP. In the second crop, the biological nitrogen fixation rate was 34%, which was negatively correlated with NERP PRE, but not significant (P0. 05%). The effect of biological nitrogen fixation on nitrogen and phosphorus reuptake was not obvious in different alfalfa varieties. In conclusion, nitrogen and phosphorus reuptake in alfalfa leaves was less affected by genetic differences among varieties. But there were significant differences between different ages and stubble times (P 0.05).
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S541.9

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