本文選題：荸薺　切入點：物料特性　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：荸薺既可作為蔬菜食用也可作為水果食用,深受人們的喜愛。荸薺也是一種易種植、產(chǎn)量高、難收獲的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。目前,我國主要依靠人工使用平板鐵鍬挖掘采收荸薺,該種收獲方式存在破損率高、損失大、勞動強度大,效率低等問題。而國內外關于荸薺采收機械的研究甚少,相應的適用采收機械裝備尚屬空白。因此,研制一種結構緊湊、工作可靠、采收效果好的荸薺采收機,對推進我國荸薺資源的綜合開發(fā)利用具有一定的意義。本論文主要研究內容如下:(1)通過對荸薺物理機械特性的試驗研究,獲得荸薺在受壓、受剪切時力—位移之間的關系曲線。試驗結果表明:破壞極限在同一壓縮速率下從大到小的關系依次是孝感薺的軸向破壞極限、廬江薺軸向破壞極限、孝感薺徑向破壞極限、廬江薺徑向破壞極限;破壞能的大小關系破壞極限趨勢相一致;荸薺品種、壓縮方向以及荸薺品種和壓縮方向之間的交互作用對破壞極限呈極顯著性差異,壓縮速率對破壞極限呈顯著性差異,而荸薺品種與壓縮速率之間的交互作用對破壞極限不顯著;荸薺不同部位的抗剪切強度由大到小的關系依次為軸向部位、徑向部位、距邊緣10mm處。(2)根據(jù)荸薺生長特點,設計出兩種適用于荸薺采收的機器結構:依據(jù)水田作業(yè)狀態(tài),設計出滿足水田收獲方式的荸薺采收機,運用相關的三維軟件完成了整機結構模型的建立和構件之間干涉的檢查;依據(jù)旱地作業(yè)狀態(tài),設計出滿足旱地收獲方式的荸薺采收機,運用相關的三維軟件完成了整機結構模型的建立和構件之間干涉的檢查。通過對荸薺種植大區(qū)的實地考察,了解當?shù)剌┧j的種植規(guī)模、土壤狀況,對比兩種荸薺采收機的優(yōu)缺點以及農(nóng)民對荸薺采收效果的需求,最終選擇以旱地荸薺采收機作為本課題的荸薺采收方案。(3)確定旱地荸薺采收機整機的結構尺寸、牽引功率和傳動系統(tǒng)相關參數(shù)。同時對其關鍵部件進行相應的設計和參數(shù)計算:第一階面傾角為150、第二階面傾角為250的二階鏟面,鏟刃斜角為140,鏟長為0.31m,挖掘鏟總寬為0.7m的組合式T型鏟;鏈速為2.5m/s的桿條式升運鏈;抖動頻率為11.769Hz的沖擊式三頭抖動輪;攪動板線速度為7.41m/s的第二攪動裝置分離裝置(第一攪動裝置轉速大于第二攪動裝置);從動件行程為0.02m的后置凸輪抖動裝置;設計了相應的懸掛裝置和限深裝置。(4)試制該荸薺采收機并進行相應的田間預試驗,測試所設計的樣機在田間作業(yè)時的可靠性,穩(wěn)定性,及時發(fā)現(xiàn)樣機所存在的問題。開展田間全面試驗,驗證采收機的作業(yè)性能。其試驗結果表明:當拖拉機輸出軸轉速為540r/min、前進速度為慢3檔、挖掘深度為10cm時,該荸薺采收機的采收效果較佳,其損失率5%、傷果率6%,基本達到相關的技術規(guī)范;對于要求挖掘深度在20cm時,其最佳的采收組合是拖拉機的輸出軸轉速為540r/min、前進速度為慢2檔,其損失率6%、傷果率7%,采收效果也基本達到相關的技術規(guī)范。
[Abstract]:Water chestnuts can be eaten as a vegetable can be used as edible fruits, loved by the people. The water chestnut is a kind of easy cultivation, high yield, difficult to harvest agricultural products. At present, China mainly rely on artificial plate shovels harvest water chestnut, the harvest has high breakage rate, high loss, high labor intensity, problem the efficiency is low. And the domestic and foreign research on water chestnut harvest machinery Limited, applicable recovery machinery and equipment is still blank. Therefore, the development of a compact structure, reliable work, good effect of water chestnut harvest harvesting machine, which has a certain significance to promote the comprehensive development and utilization of water chestnut chestnut resources in China. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) through the experimental study on mechanical characteristics of water chestnut physical, get in the water chestnut by compression, shear force displacement relation curve. The experimental results show that the damage limit at the same compression rate from The relationship is in turn to small axial damage limit Xiaogan Ji, Lujiang Ji axial damage limit, Xiaogan mustard radial damage limit, Lujiang mustard radial damage limit; damage size relationship can be consistent with ultimate trend; water chestnut varieties, the interaction between the compression direction and the direction of compression and water chestnut varieties showed significant differences on failure the limit on the rate of compression failure limit has significant difference, and the interaction between water chestnut varieties and compression rate of failure limit is not significant; the relationship between shear strength of different parts of water chestnut from big to small in turn for the axial position, radial position, from the edge of 10mm. (2) based on the growth characteristics of water chestnut, design two suitable for water chestnut harvest machine structure: Based on the field working condition, designed to meet the water chestnut harvest paddy harvesting machine, using 3D software related to the whole structure model The interference check between the establishment and the component; according to dry operating state, designed to meet the water chestnut harvest harvest dry machine, using 3D software to complete the related interference check is established between the structure and component of the model. Through the investigation of water chestnut plant area, soil conditions to understand the local water chestnut planting scale. A comparison of two water chestnut harvest machine and the advantages and disadvantages of farmers of water chestnut harvest effect on demand, the final choice to dry water chestnut harvest machine as the water chestnut Harvest Program. (3) to determine the structure size of dryland water chestnut harvest whole machine machine, traction power transmission system and the relevant parameters. And the key parts design and parameters the corresponding calculation: first order angle is 150, the second order angle of order two shovel surface 250, blade angle is 140 0.31m long, shovel shovel, total width of combined T 0.7m type shovel Chain speed; bar type 2.5m/s elevator chain; jitter frequency is 11.769Hz the impact of type three head shaking wheel; stir plate line speed of second 7.41m/s agitating device separation device (first stirring device speed greater than second; stirring device) for post stroke of the follower cam shaking 0.02M device; design of suspension device and the corresponding depth limiting device. (4) trial of the water chestnut harvest machine and field pre test, reliability test, prototype design works in the field of stability, timely discover prototype problems. To carry out field comprehensive test, validation harvesting machine. The performance test results show that when the tractor the output shaft speed is 540r/min, the speed is slow 3 stalls, mining depth is 10cm, the water chestnut harvest harvester is better, the loss rate of 5%, if a rate of 6%, basically reached the relevant technical specifications for mining depth; At 20cm, the best harvest combination is the output shaft speed of the tractor is 540r/min, and the forward speed is slower than the 2 gear. The loss rate is 6%, the fruit injury rate is 7%, and the harvest effect is basically up to the relevant technical specifications.

【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S225

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