本文選題：越冬蜜蜂　切入點：糖源類型　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在我國北方地區(qū),冬季氣候寒冷,外界無蜜源,蜜蜂越冬期間無法從外界獲取食物,只能消耗越冬前貯備的食物。因此,越冬飼料的質(zhì)量好壞直接影響著蜂群的健康。自然狀態(tài)下蜜蜂越冬期的糖飼料是蜜源季節(jié)儲存的蜂蜜,但是,蜂農(nóng)為了追求蜂產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量和利潤,往往會在蜜源季取竭蜂群內(nèi)的儲蜜,轉(zhuǎn)而選擇廉價的白砂糖作為越冬飼料,更有蜂農(nóng)甚至?xí)褂酶畠r的果葡糖漿替代白砂糖作為越冬飼料。越冬期不同糖源類型對蜜蜂的飼養(yǎng)價值并不清楚,因此,本研究選擇蔗糖、蜂蜜、果葡糖漿為蜜蜂越冬期糖源飼料,通過檢測越冬期蜜蜂中腸理化指標(biāo)、組織形態(tài)和腸道菌群區(qū)系等指標(biāo),探索糖源對越冬蜜蜂腸道健康的影響,從而為養(yǎng)蜂生產(chǎn)中越冬飼料的選擇提供參考。在秋末(10月底)選取群勢相當(dāng)?shù)谋镜匾獯罄鄯?Apis mellifera ligustica)越冬蜂群(群內(nèi)無儲備越冬飼料脾)9群,隨機分為3個試驗組(3群/組),從11月2號開始分別以蜂蜜、白砂糖和果葡糖漿為糖源進(jìn)行飼喂,至11月下旬喂足越冬飼料,蜂群進(jìn)入越冬期。分別于越冬前(11月初)、越冬中期(1月初)和越冬后(3月初)采集蜜蜂中腸,測定中腸消化酶(淀粉酶、蔗糖酶和蛋白酶)活性;在越冬中期采集蜜蜂中腸用于中腸組織形態(tài)和抗氧化酶基因(Sod1、Sod2和CAT)表達(dá)水平等指標(biāo)的檢測;在越冬前(11初)和越冬中期(1月初)采集蜜蜂的中腸和直腸,利用16S rDNA技術(shù)測定蜜蜂腸道菌群的種類和豐富度。結(jié)果表明:1、不同糖源飼料對越冬蜜蜂中腸消化酶及抗氧化酶基因表達(dá)的影響:(1)在越冬中期,果葡糖漿組和蜂蜜組的蜜蜂中腸內(nèi)淀粉酶活性顯著高于蔗糖組(P0.05)。(2)不同糖源飼料對蜜蜂中腸內(nèi)蔗糖酶活性的影響差異不顯著(P0.05)。(3)在越冬中期,果葡糖漿組的蜜蜂中腸內(nèi)蛋白酶活性顯著高于蔗糖組和蜂蜜組(P0.05)。(4)在越冬中期,蔗糖組的蜜蜂中腸Sod1基因的相對表達(dá)量顯著高于蜂蜜組和果葡糖漿組(P0.05)。2、不同糖源飼料對越冬蜜蜂中腸組織結(jié)構(gòu)的影響:蜂蜜組和蔗糖組的蜜蜂中腸腸壁厚度顯著大于果葡糖漿組(P0.01),而且蜂蜜組和蔗糖組的蜜蜂中腸隱窩深度比果葡糖漿組中腸隱窩深度深(P0.01)。3、不同糖源飼料對越冬蜜蜂腸道菌群的種類和豐富度的影響:(1)在門水平,越冬蜜蜂的腸道菌群主要為變形菌門(Proteobacteria,63.17%)、厚壁菌門(Firmicutes,17.61%)、放線菌門(Actinobacteria,4.06%)和擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes,1.72%)。在屬水平,Lactobacillus(15.91%)和Bifidobacterium(3.24%)為主要優(yōu)勢菌屬。(2)白砂糖能夠提高越冬蜜蜂腸道中放線菌門(Actinobacteria)、雙歧桿菌(Bifidobacterium)、α-變形菌綱(Alphaproteobacteria)和根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)的豐富度,蜂蜜能夠提高蜜蜂腸道中γ-變形菌綱(Gammaproteobacteria)和巴斯德氏菌目(Pasteurellales)的豐富度,而果葡糖漿可以增加蜜蜂腸道中β-變形菌綱(Betaproteobacteria)和奈瑟氏菌科(Neisseriaceae)的豐富度。本試驗表明,不同糖源飼料能夠改變越冬蜜蜂腸道菌群的結(jié)構(gòu),蜂蜜和白砂糖能夠提高越冬蜜蜂腸道中有益菌的相對豐度;蜂蜜能夠提高越冬蜜蜂中腸消化酶活性,蜂蜜和白砂糖有利于越冬蜜蜂中腸組織的發(fā)育,而且白砂糖能夠提高越冬蜜蜂中腸抗氧化基因的表達(dá)。因此,蜂蜜和白砂糖比果葡糖漿更適合作為蜜蜂越冬的糖源飼料。
[Abstract]:In the northern area of our country, the cold weather in the winter, there is no nectar, bees during the winter can not get food from the outside, only consumption before the winter supplies of food. Therefore, the quality of winter feed directly affects the health of bees. Sugar feed bee wintering in natural state is seasonal storage of honey honey, but. Beekeepers in pursuit of production and profit of bee products, often take up in a swarm in the honey bee season, opting for cheap white sugar as winter feed, more beekeepers will even use cheaper fructose syrup instead of white sugar as winter feed. Wintering period of different types of sugar source feeding value of bees is not clearly, therefore, the study of sucrose, honey, fructose syrup for bee wintering sugar feed, through the detection of wintering bee midgut physicochemical indexes, morphology and intestinal microflora and other indicators, explore the sugar Of overwintering honey bees intestinal health, so as to provide reference for beekeeping production in winter feed. In late autumn (late October) selected local group of potential of the Italy bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) colony (group without reserve winter winter feeding spleen) were randomly divided into 9 groups, 3 experimental groups (3 groups from the beginning of November 2nd / group), respectively with honey, sugar and fructose syrup for sugar feeding, to late November, enough to feed the feed into the winter, the colony wintering stage. In winter (before the beginning of November), mid winter (early January) and winter (early March) acquisition bee midgut, determination of midgut digestive enzymes (amylase, invertase and protease) activity; in the mid winter collection for bee midgut tissue morphology and midgut antioxidant enzyme genes (Sod1, Sod2 and CAT) to detect the expression level of the index; in the winter before (early 11) and mid winter (early January) acquisition of bees and midgut The rectum, determination of bee species and abundance of intestinal flora by using 16S rDNA technique. The results showed that: 1. The effects of different sugar feed on the expression of overwintering bees of digestive enzymes and antioxidant enzyme genes: (1) in the mid winter fruit starch enzyme activity of glucose syrup and honey bee group group was significantly higher than that of sucrose in the midgut group (P0.05). (2) different sugar feed effects on sucrase activity in the midgut of bees had no significant difference (P0.05). (3) in the mid winter fruit syrup group the protease activity in the midgut of bees and honey group was significantly higher than that of sucrose group (P0.05). (4) in mid winter, relative the expression of Sod1 gene in the bee midgut sucrose group was significantly higher than that of honey group and fructose syrup group (P0.05.2), the influence of different sugar feed on overwintering bee midgut structure: honeybee midgut thickness honey group and sucrose group was significantly greater than that of fructose syrup group (P0.01), and the bee The bee syrup group than the midgut crypt depth of midgut crypt depth honey group and sucrose group (P0.01.3), the deep influence of different glucose feed on overwintering bee species and abundance of intestinal flora: (1) at the gate level, the intestinal flora of overwintering honey bees is mainly Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria, 63.17%). Firmicutes (Firmicutes, 17.61%), actinobacteria (Actinobacteria, 4.06%) and Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidetes, 1.72%). At the genus level, Lactobacillus (15.91%) and Bifidobacterium (3.24%) was the dominant genus. (2) sugar can improve intestinal actinomycetes in overwintering bees (door Actinobacteria), Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacterium), alpha Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria) and rhizobiales (Rhizobiales) abundance, honey bees can improve the intestinal tract gammaproteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria) and Pasteur's Aphyllophorales (Pasteurellales) abundance, and fruit Glucose syrup can increase the intestinal in beta Proteobacteria (Betaproteobacteria) and Neisseriaceae (Neisseriaceae) richness. The test showed that different glucose feed can change the intestinal flora structure of overwintering bees, honey and white sugar can increase the relative abundance of bacteria in the intestinal tract of overwintering bee honey can improve the enzyme; the activity of midgut digestive overwintering bees, honey and white sugar is conducive to the development of overwintering honey bees in midgut tissues, and sugar can increase the expression of antioxidant genes of the overwintering bee midgut. Therefore, honey and sugar than fruit syrup is more suitable as a source of sugar to feed the bees to overwinter.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S894

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