本文選題：交換面積　切入點：代謝尺度　出處：《西南大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：代謝率與體重(M)的異速尺度關系是生理生態(tài)學的基礎問題之一,解釋該問題的學說眾多,但存不少爭議。“交換面積-代謝需求限制”假說認為,有機體存在“表面積與體積比”造成的交換限制和代謝活動造成的需求限制,二者的相對重要性限制動物個體的代謝尺度,交換面積較大的物種的代謝尺度指數(shù)較大。我們以草魚(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鰱(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)和鯉(Cyprinus carpio)為研究對象,研究各種交換面積對代謝尺度的限制作用,測定了隨M增加,各種魚的靜止代謝率(RMR)、鰓表面積(GSA)、體表面積(BSA)、總表面積(TSA)、呼吸頻率(VF)、單次呼吸耗氧量(OCPV)、總鰓絲數(shù)(TGFN)、平均鰓絲長(AGFL)、平均鰓小片密度(ALD)和平均鰓小片面積(ASLA)等參數(shù)的變化,分析了各交換面積參數(shù)與代謝尺度的種間關系,以檢驗“交換面積-代謝需求限制”假說在種內(nèi)代謝異速中的適用性。本研究的主要結(jié)果如下:1、隨M增加,各種魚的RMR均增大(p0.05),草魚、鰱、鳙和鯉的RMR的尺度指數(shù)(bRMR)分別為0.824、0.792、0.829和0.793。2、隨M增加,各種魚的GSA、BSA和TSA均增大(p0.05),草魚、鰱、鳙和鯉的bGSA分別為0.846、0.798、0.853和0.873,殘差分析發(fā)現(xiàn),鳙的RMR與GSA不相關(p=0.252),草魚和鰱的RMR與GSA正相關(p0.05),鯉的RMR與GSA負相關(p0.05)。草魚、鰱、鳙和鯉的bBSA分別為0.686、0.668、0.671和0.710,殘差分析發(fā)現(xiàn),草魚(p=0.738)和鰱(p=0.286)的RMR與BSA不相關,而鳙和鯉的RMR與BSA負相關(p0.05)。草魚、鰱、鳙和鯉的bTSA分別為0.793、0.733、0.772和0.805。殘差分析發(fā)現(xiàn),鳙的RMR與TSA不相關(p=0.479),而草魚、鰱和鯉的RMR與TSA正相關(p0.05)。3、各種魚的OCPV均與M正相關(p0.05),草魚、鰱、鳙和鯉的bOCPV分別為0.851、0.625、0.726和0.729。隨M增加,草魚(p=0.463)和鯉魚(p=0.137)的VF無顯著變化,而鰱和鳙的VF呈增加趨勢(p0.05)。4、隨M增加,各種魚的TGFN、AGFL和ASLA均增大(p0.05),而ALD均減小(p0.05)。5、在種間,特定體重靜止代謝率(Ms-RMR)與bRMR無關(p=0.952),與GSA(p=0.802)、BSA(p=0.509)及TSA(p=0.657)也無關,與VF正相關(p=0.009)。GSA(p=0.186)及BSA(p=0.965)與bRMR也無關,控制種系效應后,相關性仍不顯著(GSA:p=0.101,BSA:p=0.615)。TSA與bRMR無關(p=0.101),控制種系效應后,二者呈顯著的正相關關系(p=0.015)。VF(p=0.798)及OCPV(p=0.862)與bRMR無關,控制種系效應后,相關性仍不顯著(VF:p=0.789,OCPV:p=0.713)。結(jié)論:1、代謝水平接近的魚類,TSA越大的物種,其bRMR值越大,支持“交換面積-代謝需求限制”假說。2、物種的代謝水平不受GSA、BSA及TSA的影響,種內(nèi)代謝水平與TSA的關系也存在種間差異。3、各種魚的BSA不與M2/3呈正比,bRMR值大于2/3,“體表面積假說”的依據(jù)存在明顯缺陷,不能有效解釋代謝異速問題。
[Abstract]:The isokinetic relationship between metabolic rate and body weight (M) is one of the basic problems in physiology and ecology. There are many theories to explain this problem, but there are many controversies. The relative importance of the exchange restriction caused by "surface area to volume ratio" and the demand restriction caused by metabolic activity limit the metabolic scale of animal. The metabolic scale index of the species with larger exchange area is larger. We studied the limiting effect of various exchange areas on the metabolic scale of Ctenopharyngodon idellusus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrixus, Aristichthys nobilis and Cyprinus Carpio. The changes of resting metabolic rate (RMRN), GSAA, BSAA, total surface area (TSAA), respiratory frequency (VF), oxygen consumption (OCPV), total branchial number (TGFNN), mean branchial length (AGFL), mean branchial density (ALDD) and mean branchial area (ASLAA) of various fishes were observed. The interspecific relationship between the exchange area parameters and the metabolic scale was analyzed to test the applicability of the "exchange-area metabolic demand limitation" hypothesis to the intra-specific metabolic allometasis. The main results of this study are as follows: 1, increasing with M, The RMR scale index of grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and common carp were 0.824 and 0.793.2 respectively. With the increase of M, the bGSA of grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and common carp were 0.8466 0.798 and 0.853 and 0.873.The bGSA of grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and common carp were 0.846 60.798 and 0.853, respectively, with the increase of M, the bGSA of grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and common carp were 0.846 6, 0.798, 0.853 and 0.873, respectively. The RMR of bighead carp was not related to GSA, the RMR of grass carp and silver carp was positively correlated with GSA, and the RMR of common carp was negatively correlated with GSA. The bBSA of grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and bighead carp were 0.6866.68 ~ 0.671 and 0.710, respectively. The residual analysis showed that the RMR of grass carp (p0.738) and silver carp (p0.286) were not correlated with BSA. The bTSA of grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and common carp were 0.7930.733.0.772 and 0.805 respectively. The residual analysis showed that the RMR of bighead carp was not correlated with TSA (0.479N), while the RMR of grass carp, silver carp and common carp was positively correlated with TSA (p0.055.3.The OCPV of all kinds of fish was positively correlated with M, P 0.05, grass carp, silver carp, silver carp, silver carp, silver carp). The bOCPV of bighead carp and common carp were 0.726 and 0.729, respectively. With the increase of M, the VF of grass carp (P0. 463) and carp (P0. 137) had no significant change, while the VF of silver carp and bighead carp showed an increasing trend. With the increase of M, the TGFNAGFL and ASLA of all kinds of fish increased, while the ALD decreased p0. 05. 5. Ms-RMRs had no relationship with bRMR, 0.802BSAP0. 509 and TSAP0. 657), nor with VF positive correlation (p0. 009. GSAP0. 0. 0.) and BSAp0. 965) and bRMR. The correlation was not significant after controlling for the effect of bRMR. After controlling for the effect of species, the correlation was not significant, but there was no significant correlation between TSA and bRMR. After controlling for the strain effect, there was no significant correlation between Ms-RMRs and bRMR, but there was no significant correlation between GSAp0. 101BSAP0. 615.TSA and bRMR. After the control of strain effect, there was no significant correlation between Ms-RMRs and bRMR. There was a significant positive correlation between the two groups (P < 0.015) and bRMR (0.862). The correlation was still not significant after controlling for the strain effect. Conclusion the higher the TSA of fish with similar metabolic level is, the greater the bRMR value of the species with the same metabolic level is higher than that of the control of strain effect, but there is no significant correlation between the two groups. Conclusion: the higher the TSA is, the greater the bRMR value of the species with the same metabolic level is higher than that of the species with the same metabolic level, but there is no significant correlation between them after controlling the strain effect. Supports the "exchange area-metabolic demand limitation" hypothesis. 2. The metabolic level of species is not affected by GSA-BSA and TSA. There were also interspecific differences in the relationship between intraspecific metabolic level and TSA. The BSA of various fishes was not proportional to M2 / 3 or larger than 2 / 3. The basis of the "body surface area hypothesis" had obvious defects and could not explain the allometabolism effectively.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.4

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