本文選題：生長遲緩牦牛　切入點(diǎn)：瘤胃發(fā)酵　出處：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在青藏高原,牦牛生長遲緩形成“僵�！钡默F(xiàn)象普遍存在,降低了牧民養(yǎng)殖生產(chǎn)綜合效益。本文以青海高原型牦牛為研究對象,探討了牦牛生長遲緩與生長軸激素分泌水平的關(guān)系,并研究了注射GHRP-2和日糧添加半胱胺提高牦�！敖┡！鄙L性能的作用機(jī)理,為科學(xué)飼養(yǎng)牧區(qū)牦�！敖┡！碧峁├碚撘罁�(jù)。論文分為兩個試驗：試驗一牦牛體重與生長軸激素分泌水平關(guān)系的研究隨機(jī)選取36頭(體重38-83.2kg)1周歲青海高原型牦牛,預(yù)飼7d后進(jìn)行空腹稱重和采血,對牦牛群體體重與血清GHRH、GH和IGF-1進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),牦牛血液GHRH、GH與IGF-1水平隨體重增加而顯著增加(P0.05)。體重偏低牦牛群體GHRH、GH和IGF-1與體重呈顯著正相關(guān)性(P0.05),表明牦�！敖┡！鄙L遲緩主要由生長軸激素分泌不足引起。試驗二GHRP-2與半胱胺對牦�！敖┡！鄙L性能,瘤胃發(fā)育和肌肉蛋白沉積的影響按低于同品種同齡牦牛群體平均體重1.5倍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),選取15頭1周歲青海高原型牦�！敖┡！�,平均體重54.8±9.24kg,按體重隨機(jī)分為3組,每組5頭牛。分別設(shè)為：僵牛對照組(負(fù)對照組),GHRP-2注射組(GHRP-2組)、半胱胺補(bǔ)飼組(半胱胺組)；另選取1周歲正常青海高原型牦牛5頭(75.3±2.43kg)設(shè)為正常組(正對照組)。其中負(fù)對照組每日投喂精補(bǔ)料和燕麥青干草的基礎(chǔ)日糧；GHRP-2組在負(fù)對照組基礎(chǔ)上于正式試驗的第1-6d,11-16d,21-26d每天頸靜脈注射12.5ug/kg體重GHRP-2,飼養(yǎng)方法同負(fù)對照組；半胱胺組在負(fù)對照組基礎(chǔ)上于正式試驗1-28d在精補(bǔ)料中添加半胱胺5g/頭·d,29-84d飼養(yǎng)同負(fù)對照組；正對照組飼養(yǎng)同于負(fù)對照組。預(yù)飼期14d,正式試驗84d,在正式試驗的第0,28,56和84d對各組牦牛采血和稱重,飼養(yǎng)試驗結(jié)束后進(jìn)行屠宰取樣。結(jié)果如下：1) GHRP-2組和半胱胺組牦牛末重顯著高于負(fù)對照組(P0.05),與正對照組差異不顯著(P0.05)。GHRP-2組和半胱胺組全期(0-84d)ADG均顯著高于正對照組和負(fù)對照組(P0.05)。試驗第0-28d,GHRP-2組ADG顯著高于其余三個處理組(P0.05)；第29-84d,半胱胺組ADG顯著高于其余三個處理組(P0.05)。2) GHRP-2和半胱胺顯著促進(jìn)牦�！敖┡！绷鑫干L,提高瘤胃占復(fù)胃重比例(P0.05),半胱胺組優(yōu)于GHRP-2組(P0.05)。GHRP-2與半胱胺顯著提高了牦�！敖┡！绷鑫溉轭^高度(P0.05)和寬度(P0.05),與正對照組差異不顯著(P0.05)。3) GHRP-2與半胱胺顯著提高牦�！敖┡！绷鑫窽VFA和乙酸濃度(P0.05)。GHRP-2顯著提高瘤胃丙酸濃度(P0.05),半胱胺顯著提高瘤胃丁酸濃度(P0.05)和乙酸／丙酸(P0.05)。GHRP-2組和半胱胺組牦牛瘤胃氨氮濃度顯著低于正對照組(P0.05),但高于負(fù)對照組(P0.05),而MCP濃度顯著高于負(fù)對照組(P0.05),且GHRP-2組高于半胱胺組(P0.05)。4) GHRP-2和半胱胺顯著提高牦�！敖┡！毖錑LU和BUN濃度(P0.05),顯著提高28d血清TP和56d血清ALB濃度(P0.05)5)試驗28d,半胱胺顯著提高牦�！敖┡！毖錑HRH水平(P0.05),顯著降低SS水平(P0.05)。GHRP-2和半胱胺均顯著提高牦�！敖┡！毖錑H和IGF-1水平(P0.05)。半胱胺組試驗56d GHRH.GH和IGFBP-3最高(P0.05),84d GHRH和IGFBP-3最高(P0.05),SS顯著最低(P0.05)。6) GHRP-2顯著提高牦�！敖┡！备闻K、背最長肌和半腱肌中GHR、IGF-1和IGF-1R基因表達(dá)量(P0.05),半胱胺顯著降低下丘腦中SS基因表達(dá)量(P0.05)顯著提高肝臟中GHR和IGF-1基因表達(dá)量(P0.05)。7) GHRP-2和半胱胺顯著提高牦�！敖┡！惫趋兰±w維直徑(P0.05)、肌纖維面積(P0.05)以及蛋白質(zhì)含量(P0.05)。8) GHRP-2顯著提高骨骼肌中IRS-1、PI3K、AKt和mTOR基因表達(dá)量(P0.05),顯著降低MuRF1基因表達(dá)量(P0.05)。半胱胺顯著降低AMPK、Atrogin-1和MuRF1基因表達(dá)量(P0.05)。綜上,生長軸激素分泌不足是造成牦�！敖┡！痹蛑�。GHRP-2和半胱胺均可促進(jìn)瘤胃生長與發(fā)酵,促進(jìn)牦�！敖┡！毖a(bǔ)償生長,且后續(xù)效應(yīng)持久。GHRP-2通過提高血清中GH和IGF-1水平,提高肝臟和肌肉中GHR、IGF-1及IGF-1R基因表達(dá),進(jìn)而上調(diào)骨骼肌蛋白合成通路中IRS-1、PI3K、AKt和mTOR基因表達(dá),下調(diào)蛋白降解通路中MuRF1基因表達(dá),從而提高骨骼肌纖維直徑和面積,促進(jìn)牦�！敖┡！鄙L。半胱胺則通過提高血清GHRH、GH和IGF-1水平,降低SS水平,降低下丘腦中SS基因表達(dá),提高肝臟中GHR和IGF-1基因表達(dá),下調(diào)肌肉蛋白降解通路中AMPK、Atrogin-1和MuRF1基因表達(dá),從而提高骨骼肌纖維直徑和面積,促進(jìn)牦�！敖┡！鄙L。
[Abstract]:In the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, yak growth retardation to form a "universal stiff cow" phenomenon, reduce the comprehensive benefits of herdsmen aquaculture. Taking Qinghai Yaks of plateau type as the research object, discusses the relationship between yak growth retardation and growth hormone secretion, and the injection of GHRP-2 and dietary cysteamine improved yak "stiff cow" mechanism of growth performance, for scientific breeding yak "stiff cattle" and provide a theoretical basis. The thesis is divided into two test: a study of 36 pigs were randomly selected to test yak weight and growth hormone axis relationship (weight 38-83.2kg) 1 years of Qinghai plateau yak, pre feeding after fasting weighing 7d and the blood, body weight and serum levels of GHRH GH and IGF-1 yak populations, correlation analysis. The results showed that the yak blood GHRH, GH and IGF-1 levels increased significantly with the increase of body weight (P0.05). The low weight group of Yak GHRH, GH and IGF-1 were positively correlated with body weight (P0.05), showed that "stiff yak cow" growth retardation mainly by growth hormone secretion caused by insufficient test. Two GHRP-2 and Cysteamine on growth performance of yak "dead cow", affect rumen development and muscle protein deposition at low age in the same variety standard the average weight of 1.5 times the standard deviation of the yak populations, 15 piglets from 1 years of Qinghai Yaks of plateau type "dead cow", the average weight was 54.8 + 9.24kg, were randomly divided into 3 groups, each group of 5 cows. Cows were divided into control group: stiff (negative control group), GHRP-2 group (group GHRP-2). Cysteamine supplementation group (cysteamine group); another 1 years of normal Qinghai Yaks of plateau type 5 (75.3 + 2.43kg) as normal group (positive control group). The negative control group daily feeding fine feeding and oat hay based diet; GHRP-2 group in negative control group on the basis of the formal test The 1-6d, 11-16d, 21-26d daily intravenous injection 12.5ug/kg weight GHRP-2, feeding method with negative control group; cysteamine group in negative control group on the basis of the formal test of 1-28d in tonic cysteamine 5g/ head D material, 29-84d feeder with the negative control group; positive control group fed with negative control the pre feeding period. Group 14d, 84d in the formal test, formal test in 0,28,56 and 84d groups of yak blood sampling and weighing, after the end of the feeding trial were slaughtered. The results are as follows: 1) GHRP-2 group and cysteamine group yak final weight was significantly higher than the negative control group (P0.05), and positive control group were not was (P0.05).GHRP-2 group and cysteamine group whole period (0-84d) ADG were significantly higher than the positive control group and negative control group (P0.05). The 0-28d, ADG in GHRP-2 group was significantly higher than the other three groups (P0.05); 29-84d, cysteamine group ADG was significantly higher than the other three groups (P0.05).2) GH RP-2 and cysteamine significantly promote the growth of yak stiff cow rumen, improve rumen accounted for complex stomach weight ratio (P0.05), cysteamine group than in GHRP-2 group (P0.05.GHRP-2) and cysteamine significantly improved the yak "stiff cow rumen papillae height (P0.05) and width (P0.05), and positive control there were no significant differences (P0.05).3 GHRP-2) and cysteamine significantly improved yak stiff cow rumen TVFA and acetic acid concentration (P0.05) of.GHRP-2 significantly increased the rumen propionate concentration (P0.05), cysteamine significantly improved ruminal butyrate concentration (P0.05) and acetic acid / propionic acid (P0.05) in.GHRP-2 group and cysteamine group yak rumen ammonia concentration was significantly lower than the positive control group (P0.05), but higher than the negative control group (P0.05), and the concentration of MCP was significantly higher than the negative control group (P0.05), and GHRP-2 group was higher than that of cysteamine group (P0.05).4 GHRP-2) and cysteamine significantly improved the yak" stiff cow serum GLU and BUN concentration (P0.05, 28d) increased significantly 琛，

本文編號：1639233