本文選題：玉米　切入點：間作　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為了改善玉米生產(chǎn)中出現(xiàn)的單作連作導(dǎo)致的病蟲害加重、地力退化的現(xiàn)狀。本研究以雄玉581、先玉335、恒宇709、松玉419四個品種為試材,采用田間試驗和室內(nèi)實驗結(jié)合的方法研究玉米間作大豆(4:2)條件下不同氮素水平對玉米生理特性及產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明:1、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性呈單峰變化,抽雄吐絲期活性最大,之后迅速降低。4個品種變化情況基本一致,間作系統(tǒng)酶活性高于單作,隨施氮量的增加酶活性增加。2、硝酸還原酶活性在大喇叭口期最高,之后迅速下降,直到成熟期降到最低。種植模式和施氮水平對酶活性的影響和蔗糖磷酸合成酶一致。3、PEPC羧化酶活性在大喇叭口期最高,之后緩慢下降,抽雄吐絲之后活性迅速降低,直到成熟期降到最低。種植方式和氮水平對酶活的影響與蔗糖磷酸合成酶、硝酸還原酶變化情況一致。4、先玉335、恒宇709和松玉419三個品種的SPAD值隨著施肥量的增加而增加,間作模式下SPAD值高于單作。雄玉581在生育前期間作模式下SPAD值高于單作,生育后期單作模式下的值反而高于間作。隨著施肥量的增加間作系統(tǒng)SPAD值略低于單作。5、光合速率大喇叭口期最大,乳熟期最低。同一時期同一肥量下,間作光合速率大于單作。同一時期在間作模式下,隨著肥量的增加光合速率增加,單作與間作變化趨勢一致。同一氮素處理,間作模式下光合速率高于單作。6、灌漿期株高、穗位高、葉面積均表現(xiàn)為隨著施氮量的增加而增加,間作模式大于單作模式。7、在同一種植模式下,產(chǎn)量隨著施氮量的增加而增加,差異不顯著。在同一氮素水平下,間作產(chǎn)量略低于單作。這表明間作系統(tǒng)中玉米的產(chǎn)量與單作玉米相當(dāng),而額外收獲的大豆提高了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。雄玉581在間作模式下,肥量5條件下產(chǎn)量最高為11334kg/hm2,單作略高于間作為13488kg/hm2。先玉335,產(chǎn)量高低依次為:DF3DF2DF1JF3JF2JF1。單作模式肥量3條件下產(chǎn)量最高為11057kg/hm2,間作模式下肥量3條件下產(chǎn)量為8809kg/hm2,差異不顯著。恒宇709與松玉419變化情況與先玉335一致。穗長對產(chǎn)量的影響最小,穗粒數(shù)、百粒重、禿尖長對產(chǎn)量均有較大的影響。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the current situation of disease and insect pests caused by single cropping and continuous cropping in maize production, the four varieties Xiongyu 581, Xianyu 335, Hengyu 709 and Songyu 419 were used as test materials in this study. The effects of different nitrogen levels on physiological characteristics and yield of maize under the condition of corn intercropping soybean (4: 2) were studied by field and laboratory experiments. The results showed that the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase showed a single peak change at 1: 1. The enzyme activity of intercropping system was higher than that of single cropping, and the activity of nitrate reductase increased by 0.2 with the increase of nitrogen application, but the activity of nitrate reductase was the highest at the stage of big bell mouth, and then decreased rapidly. The effect of planting pattern and nitrogen application level on enzyme activity was consistent with that of sucrose phosphate synthase. The activity of PEPC carboxylase reached its highest level at the stage of big bell mouth, then decreased slowly, and then decreased rapidly after silking, and the effect of planting pattern and nitrogen application level on enzyme activity was similar to that of sucrose phosphate synthase. The effect of planting pattern and nitrogen level on enzyme activity was the same as that of sucrose phosphate synthase and nitrate reductase. The SPAD values of Xianyu 335, Hengyu 709 and Songyu 419 increased with the increase of fertilization. The SPAD value of Xiongyu 581 was higher than that of monoculture in intercropping mode, and the SPAD value of Xiongyu 581 was higher than that of monoculture in intercropping mode. The SPAD value of intercropping system was slightly lower than that of single cropping system with the increase of fertilization amount, and the photosynthetic rate was the largest in large bell-mouth stage and the lowest in milk-ripening stage. The photosynthetic rate of intercropping was higher than that of monoculture. In the same period, the photosynthetic rate of intercropping was higher than that of monoculture. The photosynthetic rate of intercropping was higher than that of monoculture. At the same time, the photosynthetic rate of intercropping was higher than that of monoculture, and the plant height at filling stage was higher than that of intercropping. The height of ear and leaf area increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the intercropping pattern was larger than that of monoculture pattern. Under the same planting pattern, the yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but the difference was not significant under the same nitrogen level. The yield of intercropping was slightly lower than that of monoculture, which indicated that the yield of maize in intercropping system was about the same as that of monoculture maize, while the extra harvest of soybean increased the economic benefit. The highest yield was 11334kg 路hm ~ (-2) under 5 fertilizer amount, and the highest yield was 13488kg 路hm ~ (-2) under the condition of fertilizer amount 5. The yield of Xianyu 335was in order of: DF3DF2DF2DF1JF3JF2JF1JF2JF1.The highest yield was 11057kg 路hm ~ (2) under single cropping mode and 8809 kg 路hm ~ (2) under intercropping mode, and the difference was not significant. The variation of Yu709 and Songyu 419 was the same as that of Xianyu 335. The ear length had the least effect on yield. The grain number per spike, 100 kernel weight and the length of bald tip have great influence on yield.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S513

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