本文選題：塔克拉瑪干沙漠腹地　切入點(diǎn)：咸水灌溉　出處：《四川師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：塔克拉瑪干沙漠沙是我國(guó)重要的石油天然氣儲(chǔ)備基地,也是我國(guó)最大的沙漠油田—塔中油田所在地。塔克拉瑪干沙漠作為世界第二大流動(dòng)性沙漠,素有“死亡之�！敝Q,沙漠腹地惡劣的自然環(huán)境和頻繁的風(fēng)沙活動(dòng),嚴(yán)重威脅油田作業(yè)安全與工人身心健康。營(yíng)建風(fēng)沙防護(hù)林和擴(kuò)大人工綠化面積是降低油田安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和改善作業(yè)區(qū)生產(chǎn)生活環(huán)境的主要手段。但沙漠腹地氣候極端干旱,無(wú)地表水分布,儲(chǔ)量豐富、礦化度較高的地下水資源是主要的灌溉水源,干旱和咸水灌溉是植物生存面臨的主要障礙,篩選耐鹽、抗旱的觀賞植物應(yīng)用于防護(hù)林建設(shè)和園區(qū)綠化,對(duì)改善沙漠腹地生產(chǎn)生活環(huán)境具有重要意義。同時(shí),以塔克拉瑪干沙漠腹地特殊的自然環(huán)境為背景,研究水鹽脅迫對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)和生理特性的影響,具有獨(dú)特的生態(tài)學(xué)意義。本文根據(jù)塔克拉瑪干沙漠腹地地下水礦化度分布現(xiàn)狀和新疆生地所塔中沙漠植物園現(xiàn)有的灌溉制度,設(shè)置了淡水、5g/L、8g/L、11g/L、13/L、15g/L、17g/L共7個(gè)鹽分梯度(淡水為對(duì)照)和15L、20L、25L、30L、40L共5個(gè)水量梯度(30L為對(duì)照),通過(guò)田間控制實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了不同鹽度咸水灌溉下水鹽脅迫對(duì)四種植物生長(zhǎng)和生理特性的影響,為四種植物在沙漠腹地防護(hù)林建設(shè)和園區(qū)綠化中的生態(tài)應(yīng)用及沙漠腹地灌溉制度的優(yōu)化提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)不同鹽度的咸水灌溉下,互葉醉魚(yú)草的成活率、生物量、株高、冠幅增量都明顯高于北沙柳。因此,在各鹽度咸水灌溉下灌木引種都應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇互葉醉魚(yú)草。(2)在淡水和咸水鹽度低于13g/L時(shí),灰胡楊的株高、冠幅增長(zhǎng)量高于小葉白蠟;而咸水鹽度在15g/L以上時(shí),灰胡楊死亡率接近70%,且其株高、冠幅增長(zhǎng)量開(kāi)始低于小葉白蠟。因此,在淡水或咸水鹽度低于13g/L時(shí),喬木引種應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇灰胡楊;咸水鹽度高于15g/L時(shí),應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇小葉白蠟。(3)四種植物的耐鹽閾值:小葉白蠟互葉醉魚(yú)草灰胡楊北沙柳。其中,小葉白蠟和互葉醉魚(yú)草的耐鹽閾值應(yīng)高于17g/L;但咸水鹽度高于15g/L時(shí),互葉醉魚(yú)草出現(xiàn)鹽害癥狀,而小葉白蠟生長(zhǎng)良好。灰胡楊的耐鹽閾值低于15g/L,北沙柳的耐鹽閾值低于8g/L。因此,咸水鹽度低于17g/L時(shí),小葉白蠟、互葉醉魚(yú)草可以引種,但咸水鹽度低于15g/L時(shí)互葉醉魚(yú)草引種成活率更高;灰胡楊不宜在鹽度高于15g/L的咸水灌溉區(qū)引種,北沙柳不宜在鹽度為8g/L以上的咸水灌溉區(qū)引種。(4)淡水和低鹽度咸水灌溉下,灌水量是影響植物生長(zhǎng)的主要因子:灌水量高于30L或低于15L時(shí)四種植物的生長(zhǎng)量相對(duì)較低,灌水量為20~25L時(shí)互葉醉魚(yú)草、灰胡楊和北沙柳的生長(zhǎng)情況最好,灌水量對(duì)小葉白蠟的生長(zhǎng)影響不明顯。高鹽度的咸水灌溉下,鹽脅迫是影響植物生長(zhǎng)的主要因子:當(dāng)咸水鹽度接近或達(dá)到植物耐鹽閾值時(shí),鹽脅迫對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)有明顯的抑制作用。
[Abstract]:Desert sand is an important petroleum reserve base, is China's largest desert oilfield - where the tower in the Taklimakan Desert. As the world's second largest mobile desert, known as the "sea of death", the natural environment and the harsh desert hinterland frequent sandstorm activities, a serious threat to oil field operations safety and physical and mental health of workers. The construction of protective forest and artificial afforestation area is the main means to expand production and living environment the operation area of the oil field safety risks and improve the lower. But the desert climate is extremely dry, no surface water distribution, abundant groundwater resources, high degree of mineralization is the main source of irrigation, drought and saline water irrigation is the main obstacles facing the survival of plants, salt tolerance, drought resistant ornamental plants used in forest construction and green park, to improve the living environment of producing Desert Hinterland Is of great significance. At the same time, in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert special natural environment as the background, study on the effects of water and salt stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of plants, with unique ecological significance. According to the distribution of degree of irrigation system of desert hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert groundwater and Xinjiang to Suota in the botanical garden of the existing set of fresh water 5g/L, 8g/L, 11g/L, 13/L, 15g/L, 17g/L a total of 7 salinity gradient (water as control) and 15L, 20L, 25L, 30L, 40L a total of 5 water gradient (30L control), a field control experiment of different irrigation water salinity under the effect of salt stress on plant growth and physiology four the characteristics, provide a scientific basis for the optimization of four kinds of plants in the desert hinterland of shelterbelt construction and park greening in ecological applications and desert irrigation system. The results show that: (1) the different salinity of brackish water irrigation Next, the survival rate, buddlejaalternifolia biomass, plant height, crown diameter increment is obviously higher than that of Salix psammophila. Therefore, the salinity of saline water irrigation should be preferred in shrub buddlejaalternifolia. (2) in freshwater and brackish water salinity is lower than 13g/L, p.pruinosa height, crown diameter growth was higher than the salt water salinity in Fraxinus Sogdiana; above 15g/L, p.pruinosa mortality rate close to 70%, and the plant height, crown width growth rate became lower than Fraxinus Sogdiana. Therefore, in fresh or salt water salinity is lower than 13g/L, the introduction of trees should be preferred p.pruinosa; salt water salinity is higher than 15g/L, should be selected in Fraxinus Sogdiana (3). Four species of salt tolerant threshold: Fraxinus Sogdiana leaf Populus Salix psammophila pulverin mutual Buddleia. Among them, the salt tolerance threshold of Fraxinus Sogdiana and buddlejaalternifolia should be higher than 17g/L; but the water salinity is higher than 15g/L, buddlejaalternifolia appear salt injury symptoms, and Fraxinus Sogdiana grew well. P.pruinosa salt threshold is lower than 15g/L, Salix psammophila salt tolerance threshold is lower than 8g/L.. Therefore, water salinity is lower than 17g/L, Fraxinus Sogdiana, buddlejaalternifolia introduced, buddlejaalternifolia introduced a high survival rate but lower than 15g/L water salinity; p.pruinosa should not be higher than 15g/L in the salinity of brackish water irrigation district introduction, Salix psammophila not in the salinity above 8g/L brackish water irrigation district introduction. (4) freshwater and low salinity brackish water irrigation, irrigation is the main factor affecting the growth of plants, irrigation is higher than 30L or lower than 15L growth of four species is relatively low, the irrigation amount was 20~25L buddlejaalternifolia, growth of p.pruinosa and Salix psammophila had the best effect of irrigation on the growth of Fraxinus Sogdiana is not obvious. High salinity brackish water irrigation under salt stress is the main factor affecting the growth of plants: when water salinity approached or reached the threshold of plant salt tolerance, salt stress It is forced to inhibit the growth of plants.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S68;S27

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