本文選題：大菱鲆　切入點(diǎn)：氨氮　出處：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)是歐洲重要的名貴海水養(yǎng)殖品種,因其生長(zhǎng)快,抗逆性強(qiáng),營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),于1992年引入我國(guó)之后,迅速成為我國(guó)北方地區(qū)重要的海水養(yǎng)殖品種之一,并創(chuàng)立了“溫室大棚+深井海水”的流水式工廠化養(yǎng)殖模式。然而該養(yǎng)殖模式的發(fā)展與養(yǎng)殖生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求相沖突而逐漸受到限制,正努力向封閉式循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖模式過(guò)渡。現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)的封閉式循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖模式還在起步階段,水處理技術(shù)相對(duì)落后,在集約化養(yǎng)殖過(guò)程中極易造成水體中氨氮含量過(guò)高,對(duì)養(yǎng)殖生產(chǎn)造成很大影響。再加上國(guó)內(nèi)大菱鲆種質(zhì)資源比較單一、近親交配、管理不善等原因,種質(zhì)退化比較嚴(yán)重,出現(xiàn)生長(zhǎng)速度緩慢、抗病力弱、白化率高等諸多問(wèn)題。為保證大菱鲆養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,本實(shí)驗(yàn)室十幾年來(lái)一直致力于大菱鲆的良種選育工作,積累了大量的科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù),擁有豐富的實(shí)驗(yàn)材料。本研究在以往研究工作的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖條件下氨氮對(duì)大菱鲆的急性毒性效應(yīng)以及安全濃度,應(yīng)用一般動(dòng)物模型評(píng)估4月齡大菱鲆的耐氨氮性狀遺傳力以及耐氨氮性狀與生長(zhǎng)性狀的相關(guān)性,比較了育種值選擇和表型值選擇兩種方法的優(yōu)劣,以期為循環(huán)水條件下養(yǎng)殖大菱鲆提供科學(xué)指導(dǎo),同時(shí)為選育大菱鲆耐氨氮品系提供理論依據(jù)。其具體研究結(jié)果如下:1.根據(jù)氨氮對(duì)大菱鲆的急性毒性效應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出:非離子氨對(duì)4月齡大菱鲆的24、48、72、96h LC50分別為2.19、1.94、1.80、1.72mg/L,對(duì)8月齡大菱鲆的24、48、72、96h LC50分別為3.64、3.02、2.93、2.86mg/L。4月齡和8月齡大菱鲆對(duì)非離子氨的安全濃度分別為0.17和0.29mg/L。8月齡大菱鲆明顯比4月齡大菱鲆對(duì)氨氮的耐受能力更強(qiáng)。氨氮對(duì)白化和正常大菱鲆以及氨氮對(duì)雌性和雄性大菱鲆的急性毒性效應(yīng)均沒(méi)有顯著性差異。2.采用氨氮對(duì)4月齡大菱鲆的72h LC50濃度,對(duì)39個(gè)家系共計(jì)943尾4月齡大菱鲆進(jìn)行耐氨氮性狀測(cè)試,評(píng)估生長(zhǎng)性狀和耐氨氮性狀的遺傳參數(shù)。結(jié)果表明:耐氨氮性狀遺傳力為0.47±0.19,屬于高遺傳力,其估計(jì)值與0相比達(dá)到顯著水平(P0.05)。具備開(kāi)展基于表型性狀的耐氨氮選育潛力。4月齡大菱鲆耐氨氮性狀、體長(zhǎng)和體重的相關(guān)性分析表明,大菱鲆的耐氨氮性狀與體長(zhǎng)、體重之間的遺傳相關(guān)均表現(xiàn)為低度線性正相關(guān),分別為0.01和0.05。耐氨氮性狀與體長(zhǎng)、體重的表型相關(guān)均表現(xiàn)為低度線性負(fù)相關(guān),分別為-0.08和-0.04,且統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn)均不顯著(P0.05)。其相關(guān)性均非常小,說(shuō)明以耐氨氮性狀為選育指標(biāo),不會(huì)對(duì)大菱鲆的體長(zhǎng)和體重起到顯著的間接選育效果。采用育種值進(jìn)行選育時(shí)的選擇效率明顯高于使用表型值的選擇效率。本研究首次對(duì)白化和正常大菱鲆個(gè)體以及雌性和雄性大菱鲆個(gè)體的耐氨氮能力進(jìn)行了比較,并且計(jì)算了在22.5±1℃條件下氨氮對(duì)不同發(fā)育階段大菱鲆個(gè)體的半致死濃度和安全濃度。其研究結(jié)果為循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖大菱鲆提供科學(xué)指導(dǎo)。同時(shí)首次評(píng)估了大菱鲆耐氨氮性狀遺傳力以及大菱鲆耐氨氮性狀與生長(zhǎng)性狀的相關(guān)性,對(duì)下一步大菱鲆耐氨氮品系的選育具有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) is an important European valuable marine aquaculture species, because of its fast growth, strong resistance, high nutritional value, after the introduction of China in 1992, and quickly became one of the important mariculture species in northern China, and founded the "water plant greenhouse + deep sea water". However, the development of farming model. The breeding patterns and breeding ecological requirements of sustainable development and conflict gradually restricted, efforts are being made to the closed recirculating aquaculture mode. The transition phase in a closed recirculating aquaculture system in China started at the present stage, water treatment technology is relatively backward, extremely easy to cause the high content of ammonia nitrogen in water the intensive breeding process, a great impact on aquaculture. Coupled with the domestic turbot germplasm resources is relatively single, inbreeding, mismanagement and other reasons, a qualitative comparison of degradation There is serious, slow growth, disease resistance is weak, many problems of higher rate. In order to ensure the sustainable development of albino turbot farming industry, breeding work in our laboratory has been committed to the turbot ten years, has accumulated a large amount of scientific data, has a wealth of experimental materials. Based on previous research work on the study of acute toxicity of ammonia recirculating aquaculture conditions of turbot and safe concentration, general application of animal model to evaluate 4 month old turbot Ammonia Resistant trait heritability and correlation of Ammonia Resistant Traits and growth traits, the breeding value selection and phenotypic value selection to the merits of the two methods, in order to provide scientific guidance for circulating water conditions of turbot, and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of turbot ammonia resistant strains. The main results are as follows: 1. according to the ammonia nitrogen on turbot The acute toxicity experiment: 4 month old NH3-N on turbot 24,48,72,96h LC50 respectively 2.19,1.94,1.80,1.72mg/L, 8 month old 24,48,72,96h of turbot LC50 were safe for ammonia concentration of 3.64,3.02,2.93,2.86mg/L.4 months and 8 month old turbot were 0.17 and 0.29mg/L.8 months of age 4 month old is higher than that of turbot turbot stronger tolerance to ammonia. Ammonia nitrogen on acute toxicity the effect of albino and normal turbot and ammonia on male and female turbot. There was no significant difference between the.2. 72h LC50 by ammonia concentration on 4 month old turbot, in 39 families a total of 943 tail 4 month old turbot Resistant Traits of ammonia test, genetic parameters for growth traits and Ammonia Resistant traits. The results showed that the resistance evaluation the heritability of ammonia nitrogen was 0.47 + 0.19 characters, which belongs to the high heritability, the estimated value reached significant level compared with 0 (P0.05). Have carried out the phenotypic traits of Ammonia Resistant breeding potential.4 months turbot Ammonia Resistant Traits Based on the analysis of the correlation between body length and body weight showed that the turbot Ammonia Resistant Traits and body length, body weight between the genetic correlation were of low linear correlation, respectively 0.01 and 0.05. Ammonia Resistant Traits and body length, phenotype the relevant weight showed low linear negative correlation, respectively -0.08 and -0.04, and the statistical tests were not significant (P0.05). The correlation is very small, the Ammonia Resistant Traits for breeding index, not on turbot body length and body weight indirectly play a significant effect. The breeding value of breeding selection efficiency the selection was significantly higher than the efficiency of selection using phenotypic value. This is the first study to compare normal and albino turbot individuals and female and male individuals of turbot ammonia resistant ability, and calculated in the 22.5 + Ammonia under 1 DEG C lethal and safe concentration in different developmental stages of turbot individual half. The results provide scientific guidance for the circulating water of turbot. At the same time, for the first time to estimate the correlation of turbot Ammonia Resistant trait heritability and traits and growth traits of Ammonia Resistant turbot, has a certain reference to the the next step of turbot breeding resistant strains of ammonia.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S917.4

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