本文選題：香菇　切入點(diǎn)：秸稈　出處：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文對(duì)來(lái)源不同的32株香菇栽培菌株進(jìn)行營(yíng)養(yǎng)利用傾向進(jìn)行初步分析,從而篩選出更適合秸稈栽培的香菇栽培菌株,并以玉米秸稈和高粱秸稈作為栽培基質(zhì),部分替代木屑,對(duì)比其產(chǎn)量、采收子實(shí)體個(gè)數(shù)、單個(gè)子實(shí)體重量、菇型等農(nóng)藝性狀,篩選出更適宜香菇的栽培配方。并利用物理誘變(~(60)Co-γ射線(xiàn)輻射誘變)的方法對(duì)香菇菌株進(jìn)行誘變,篩選適宜秸稈栽培的突變菌株。本試驗(yàn)最終目的在于篩選出適宜香菇栽培的草腐化栽培配方和適宜秸稈栽培的香菇菌種,充分利用秸稈資源,節(jié)約木質(zhì)資源,更加合理高效的利用資源,節(jié)約成本。1.香菇菌株對(duì)秸稈利用能力的初步篩選本試驗(yàn)將來(lái)源不同的32株香菇栽培菌株分別在羧甲基纖維素鈉培養(yǎng)基(CMC-Na培養(yǎng)基)和木聚糖培養(yǎng)基中進(jìn)行培養(yǎng),對(duì)各菌株對(duì)纖維素和半纖維素的利用能力做出初步的篩選,并利用秸稈粉培養(yǎng)基對(duì)上述菌株進(jìn)行培養(yǎng),觀(guān)察不同菌株生長(zhǎng)情況的差異,確定其對(duì)纖維素、半纖維素的利用能力,最后對(duì)供試菌株進(jìn)行出菇試驗(yàn),確定其能否穩(wěn)定出菇。羧甲基纖維素鈉培養(yǎng)基和木聚糖培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明;在纖維素利用方面,7號(hào)菌株利用能力高于其他菌株。在半纖維素利用方面,1號(hào)、申9、珍珠菇、6號(hào)、2015111202、Cr04利用能力較高。綜合各菌株對(duì)纖維素和半纖維素的利用情況,1號(hào)和795表現(xiàn)較為優(yōu)秀。在出菇試驗(yàn)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),許多菌株不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)有的栽培條件,污染率高,所以最終選用出菇穩(wěn)定,對(duì)纖維素和半纖維素利用較好的香菇栽培菌株“武香1號(hào)”作為后續(xù)配方試驗(yàn)的供試菌株。2.~(60)Co誘變初步選育適宜秸稈栽培的香菇菌株本部分研究目的在于篩選出能更好的利用秸稈作為栽培基質(zhì)的香菇栽培菌株,供試菌株為香菇栽培菌株“慶20”。本研究分別利用0.4 k Gy、0.6 k Gy、0.8 k Gy三種輻射劑量,劑量率為10 Gy/min的~(60)Co-γ射線(xiàn)處理香菇菌株慶20的菌絲體。將誘變后的菌株與對(duì)照菌株進(jìn)行拮抗試驗(yàn)和SSR分子鑒定,利用拮抗實(shí)驗(yàn)篩選出同對(duì)照組存在拮抗現(xiàn)象的菌株,為確定其誘變效果,對(duì)突變菌株進(jìn)行纖維素和半纖維素的利用能力的驗(yàn)證,確認(rèn)其表現(xiàn)同對(duì)照菌株存在差異。結(jié)果表明輻射劑量為0.4 k Gy時(shí)所有菌株致死率為0,0.6 k Gy時(shí)致死率為46.7%,0.8 k Gy時(shí)致死率達(dá)到100%。經(jīng)過(guò)拮抗試驗(yàn)和SSR分子標(biāo)記的篩選,得到6株突變菌株。~(60)Co-γ射線(xiàn)誘變育種可以初步選育出高效利用秸稈的香菇新菌株,通過(guò)羧甲基纖維素鈉培養(yǎng)基和木聚糖培養(yǎng)基的培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),誘變后所得菌株在纖維素和半纖維素利用方面表現(xiàn)較好,優(yōu)于對(duì)照組。3.秸稈栽培配方的篩選為了在后續(xù)的配方設(shè)計(jì)中更有針對(duì)性,將后續(xù)栽培試驗(yàn)中主要用到的硬雜木木屑(本試驗(yàn)使用的為櫟木屑)、高粱秸稈和玉米秸稈進(jìn)行了成分分析,分析其中木質(zhì)素、纖維素、半纖維素的含量差異。結(jié)果顯示,高粱秸稈的半纖維素含量很高,纖維素含量也高于櫟木屑和玉米秸稈,木質(zhì)素占比較低;玉米秸稈中木質(zhì)素、纖維素、半纖維素含量均較低,但與高粱秸稈相比,木質(zhì)素占比高于高粱秸稈。以出菇穩(wěn)定的“武香1號(hào)”作為供試菌株,分別以玉米秸稈、高粱秸稈部分或全部替代木屑作為培養(yǎng)基質(zhì),并加入不同量的木質(zhì)素,分別設(shè)計(jì)4組培養(yǎng)料配方;在純木屑培養(yǎng)料的基礎(chǔ)上添加不同比例的單寧,設(shè)計(jì)3組配方;以純木屑培養(yǎng)基為對(duì)照組,共12組配方。出菇試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在以玉米秸稈為主要栽培料的配方中,2號(hào)配方的效果是對(duì)較好的,2號(hào)配方的效果相對(duì)較好,單個(gè)子實(shí)體重量、總產(chǎn)量、生物學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化率均優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,配方為36%的木屑、36%的玉米秸稈和8%的木質(zhì)素。;以高粱秸稈為主要栽培基質(zhì)的配方中,6號(hào)配方出菇效果是最好的,產(chǎn)量和生物學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化率是相對(duì)較好的,子實(shí)體個(gè)數(shù)、單個(gè)子實(shí)體的重量和菇形也較好配方為44%的木屑、30%的玉米秸稈和6%的木質(zhì)素。在添加單寧時(shí),9號(hào)配方的產(chǎn)量?jī)?yōu)于其他組,即在原始木屑培養(yǎng)基的基礎(chǔ)下加入1%的單寧,此時(shí)子實(shí)體的產(chǎn)量和生物學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化率都是相對(duì)較好的,子實(shí)體數(shù)量、單個(gè)子實(shí)體的重量、總產(chǎn)量均優(yōu)于對(duì)照組。若以品質(zhì)為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),11號(hào)配方單個(gè)子實(shí)體的重量和大小優(yōu)于其他配方,具體配方為在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上添加3%的單寧。
[Abstract]:The different sources of 32 strains of cultivated strains of letinous edodes nutrition utilization tendency in the preliminary analysis, in order to find out the letinous edodes more suitable for straw cultivation strains of cultivation, and with corn straw and sorghum straw as substrate, partial substitution of sawdust, the harvest yield comparison, number of fruiting bodies, single fruiting body weight, agronomic mushroom type etc. character, cultivation formula is more suitable for letinous edodes. And screened by physical mutagenesis (~ (60) Co- gamma ray radiation mutagenesis) method of mutagenesis on letinous edodes strains, screening suitable straw cultivation mutant strain. The ultimate goal of this experiment is to screen out corrupt grass cultivation formula and suitable cultivation for letinous edodes straw cultivation of letinous edodes strain, make full use of straw resources, saving wood resources, resource utilization more reasonable and efficient, saving the cost of letinous edodes.1. strains on the ability of using straw to preliminary screening of this test will come from different sources The 32 strains of cultivated strains were cultured in letinous edodes sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na medium) and xylan medium, make preliminary screening of the strain capacity of using cellulose and hemicellulose, and the use of straw powder medium of the strain culture, to observe the differences of growth in different strains and determine its ability to use cellulose, hemicellulose, the tested strains were fruiting test, to determine whether it can be stable fruiting. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and xylan medium medium test results show that; in cellulose utilization, 7 strains using the capacity higher than that of other strains. In terms of hemicellulose by 1, Shen 9, pearl mushroom, No. 6, 2015111202, Cr04. The comprehensive utilization ability of high strain utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose, 1 and 795, the performance is relatively good. Found in the fruiting test, Many strains can not adapt to the cultivation conditions of the existing high pollution rate, so the final selection of fruiting stable strain.2.~ of cellulose and hemicellulose by letinous edodes Cultivated Strains of "better Wuxiang No. 1" as a follow-up test formula for Co mutation (60) preliminary selection of suitable letinous edodes strains straw cultivation this part of the study is to select the better use of straw as letinous edodes Growingmedia cultivated strains, strains for letinous edodes Cultivated Strains of "Qing 20". This study used 0.4 K Gy K, 0.6 Gy, 0.8 K three Gy radiation dose, dose rate of 10 Gy/min ~ (60) Co- gamma ray treatment letinous edodes Qing strain 20. The mycelium induced strains and control strains were antagonistic test and SSR molecular identification, screening with the control group there was antagonism strains by antagonistic experiment, to determine the effect of mutation, mutant strains in cellulose And the ability to use the verification of hemicellulose, confirm its performance with the control strain differences. The results show that the radiation dose of 0.4 K Gy all strains of 0,0.6 mortality for K Gy mortality was 46.7%, 0.8 K Gy fatality rate reached 100%. after screening antagonistic test and SSR molecular marker, 6 mutant strains get ~ (60) Co- gamma ray mutagenesis can preliminary breeding new strains of efficient utilization of straw by letinous edodes, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and xylan based test culture medium showed that the strain induced in the cellulose and hemicellulose utilization performance is better than the control group, screening.3. straw cultivation formula for in the formula design of the follow-up of more targeted, will be mainly used in the subsequent cultivation test in hardwood sawdust (the test used for sawdust), sorghum straw and corn straw were divided into component analysis. The analysis of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose content difference. The results showed that hemicellulose content of sorghum straw is very high, the cellulose content was also higher than that of sawdust and corn straw, lignin is relatively low; corn straw lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose content are low, but compared with sorghum straw, lignin the proportion is higher than that of sorghum straw mushroom. With stable "Wuxiang No. 1 as tested strains, respectively with corn straw, sorghum straw partially or completely replace sawdust as the culture medium, and the addition of different amounts of lignin, we design 4 tissue culture nourishment formula; in the pure sawdust compost on the basis of adding different proportion tannin, design formula of 3 groups; medium YISHION sawdust as a control group, a total of 12 sets of formulas. Fruiting test results show that in the corn straw as the main cultivation material formulation, formula No. 2 effect is good, the No. 2 Formula The effect is relatively good, single fruiting body weight, total yield, biological conversion rate was better than the control group, the formula 36% sawdust, corn straw and 8% 36% lignin.; with sorghum straw as the main cultivation matrix formula, formula No. 6 mushroom is the best effect, yield and biological conversion relatively, the number of fruiting bodies, the weight and shape of the mushroom single entity is better formula for 44% sawdust, corn straw and 6% 30% lignin. In addition tannin, 9 formulations yield better than the other group, i.e. culture medium in the original wood adding 1% single rather, at this time the yield and biological conversion rate of fruiting body is relatively good, fruiting number, single fruiting body weight, the total yield was better than the control group. In terms of quality as the evaluation index, the weight and size of the No. 11 single entity is better than other sub formula formula, specific formula in On the basis of the control group, 3% tannins were added.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S646.12

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