本文選題：黑麥草　切入點(diǎn)：紫云英　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：紫云英與黑麥草混作是南方稻田綠肥生產(chǎn)中一種高效的種植模式,相比于單作種植,能夠更加充分地利用資源,獲得更高的生物量和氮磷鉀養(yǎng)分累積量,翻壓還田后為后季作物提供養(yǎng)分及培肥地力。本試驗(yàn)以黑麥草和紫云英為研究材料,通過土培試驗(yàn)和根箱試驗(yàn),研究了紫云英與黑麥草混作對(duì)其生長、養(yǎng)分吸收及土壤磷有效性的影響,探索紫云英與黑麥草混作優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)生的機(jī)制,為紫云英與黑麥草混作提高土壤養(yǎng)分資源的利用和綠肥生產(chǎn)效率提供依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)紫云英與黑麥草混作種植方式對(duì)黑麥草的促進(jìn)作用大于對(duì)紫云英的抑制作用,混作系統(tǒng)生物量表現(xiàn)出混作優(yōu)勢(shì),施磷水平下混作優(yōu)勢(shì)更明顯。(2)紫云英與黑麥草混作顯著促進(jìn)了黑麥草磷吸收累積,混作系統(tǒng)磷吸收量表現(xiàn)出混作優(yōu)勢(shì),且低磷水平下混作系統(tǒng)磷吸收優(yōu)勢(shì)更高。相比于單作系統(tǒng),低磷水平下盛花期混作系統(tǒng)磷吸收量增加了20.4%,施磷水平下盛花期混作系統(tǒng)磷吸收量增加了18.6%�；熳黠@著提高了黑麥草氮和鉀吸收累積量,混作黑麥草氮和鉀增加量大于混作紫云英的減少量,混作系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)出氮鉀吸收優(yōu)勢(shì),施磷水平下混作系統(tǒng)氮鉀吸收優(yōu)勢(shì)更高。相比于單作系統(tǒng),盛花期低磷水平下混作系統(tǒng)氮吸收量增加了28.6%,施磷水平下混作系統(tǒng)氮吸收量增加了31.6%。相比于單作系統(tǒng),盛花期低磷水平下混作系統(tǒng)鉀吸收量增加了24.5%,施磷水平下混作系統(tǒng)鉀吸收量增加了38.6%。(3)相比于單作黑麥草處理,紫云英與黑麥草混作能夠提高黑麥草根際土壤有效磷含量,混作紫云英根際土壤有效磷含量與單作處理之間變化規(guī)律不明顯,混作根區(qū)土壤有效磷含量高于單作紫云英和單作黑麥草處理。紫云英與黑麥草混作能夠降低黑麥草和紫云英根際土壤無機(jī)磷Al-P和Fe-P含量,對(duì)O-P和Ca-P影響不明顯,混作促進(jìn)了部分難溶性磷向有效態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化,且低磷水平下表現(xiàn)更明顯。(4)紫云英與黑麥草混作能夠促進(jìn)混作根際土壤酸性磷酸酶活性的提高,具有降低根際土壤p H的趨勢(shì),是兩種作物混作提高磷吸收富集能力的重要原因之一。
[Abstract]:The mixed cropping of Lolium yezoensis and ryegrass is an efficient planting mode in the green manure production of rice field in southern China. Compared with monoculture, it can make more full use of resources and obtain higher biomass and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient accumulation. In this experiment, ryegrass and yew were used as the research materials, the growth of ryegrass and ryegrass mixed with ryegrass was studied by soil culture test and root box test. The effects of nutrient uptake and phosphorus availability on soil phosphorus availability were investigated to explore the mechanism of dominant production in mixed cropping of Lolium yezoensis and ryegrass. The main results are as follows: (1) the effect of mixed planting of Lolium yezoensis and ryegrass on ryegrass is greater than that on Lolium yezoensis. The biomass of mixed cropping system showed the advantage of mixed cropping, and the advantage of mixed cropping was more obvious under phosphorus application level.) the mixed cropping of Lolium yezoensis and ryegrass significantly promoted the accumulation of phosphorus in ryegrass, and the phosphorus uptake of mixed cropping system showed the advantage of mixed cropping. Compared with the monoculture system, the phosphorus absorption advantage of the mixed cropping system was higher than that of the monoculture system. The phosphorus uptake of mixed cropping system at full flowering stage increased by 20.4 at low phosphorus level, and that of mixed cropping system at full flowering stage increased by 18.6.The nitrogen and potassium uptake accumulation of ryegrass was significantly increased by mixed cropping. The increase of nitrogen and potassium in ryegrass was greater than that in the mixed cropping. The nitrogen and potassium absorption advantage of mixed cropping system was higher than that of monoculture system, and the advantage of nitrogen and potassium absorption in mixed cropping system was higher than that in monoculture system. The nitrogen uptake of the mixed cropping system increased by 28.6at the peak flowering stage and 31.6by the nitrogen absorption of the mixed cropping system at the phosphorus application level. Compared with the monoculture system, the nitrogen absorption of the mixed cropping system increased by 28.6. Compared with single ryegrass treatment, the potassium uptake of mixed cropping system increased by 24.5g at full flowering stage, and increased by 38.6% at P application level. Compared with single ryegrass treatment, the available phosphorus content in ryegrass rhizosphere soil was increased by the mixed cropping of Lolium yezoensis and ryegrass. The change of available phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil of mixed cropping was not obvious with monoculture treatment. The content of available phosphorus in soil in the root zone of mixed cropping was higher than that in monoculture and ryegrass. The content of inorganic phosphorus (Al-P and Fe-P) in the rhizosphere of ryegrass and yew was decreased, but the effect on O-P and Ca-P was not obvious. The mixed cropping promoted the conversion of some insoluble phosphorus to the available form, and under the low phosphorus level, it was more obvious that the mixed cropping of purple cloud and ryegrass could promote the increase of acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soil, and the trend of decreasing pH in the rhizosphere soil. It is one of the important reasons to increase phosphorus absorption and enrichment ability by mixed cropping of two crops.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S543.7

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