本文選題：無(wú)定河　切入點(diǎn)：流域　出處：《西安理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：無(wú)定河為黃河中游的重要支流,流經(jīng)陜北黃土高原地區(qū)。近年來(lái),隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展變化,特別是伴隨外來(lái)務(wù)工人員增速的不斷下滑,一種傾向農(nóng)村和農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的逆城市化的“城歸”現(xiàn)象涌現(xiàn),使得農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的發(fā)展階段。因此,在人類活動(dòng)日益頻繁和黃土區(qū)退耕還林還草措施實(shí)施的背景下,加強(qiáng)水沙變異產(chǎn)生的溯源分析,建立“經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)與水沙”間的響應(yīng)關(guān)系,對(duì)于研究流域生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)因子與水沙變化的響應(yīng)關(guān)系具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。本研究以無(wú)定河流域水沙變化特征為研究對(duì)象,綜合運(yùn)用Mann-kendall和Pettitt水文統(tǒng)計(jì)法、雙累積和距平累積曲線法,結(jié)合GIS分析技術(shù),借助SPSS軟件中的回歸分析和通徑分析等數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)方法,研究流域生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)因子與水沙變化的響應(yīng)關(guān)系,并就無(wú)定河不同尺度流域下的“經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)和水沙”間的差異性變化展開(kāi)研究,從而為流域生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供參考。本文取得的主要研究成果如下:(1)水沙突變點(diǎn)檢驗(yàn)與趨勢(shì)變化:從無(wú)定河流域出口站白家川站和各支流監(jiān)測(cè)站點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)看,近30年來(lái),無(wú)定河流域水沙整體呈減少變化趨勢(shì),且相關(guān)性總體較好,除蘆河流域水沙關(guān)系不顯著外,無(wú)定河干流及其支流水沙呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。在流域徑流量的突變檢驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),海流兔河、蘆河和黑木頭川流域徑流量第一突變點(diǎn)集中在1994-1997年,第二突變點(diǎn)集中在2003～2005年間,而無(wú)定河流域的第一突變點(diǎn)發(fā)生較早(1988年),第二突變點(diǎn)則與支流突變時(shí)間相一致。這主要受流域三北防護(hù)林建設(shè)和退耕還林(草)等生態(tài)建設(shè)影響。而在輸沙量的突變點(diǎn)檢驗(yàn)中,無(wú)定河流域及其支流的突變時(shí)間集中在20世紀(jì)90年代前后。(2)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)彈性力的時(shí)空演變及其與水沙變化關(guān)系:從不同地域的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)彈性力統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)看,黑木頭川和無(wú)定河流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)彈性力呈明顯的增長(zhǎng)變化趨勢(shì),且受地理特征影響,南部普遍高于北部地區(qū),并隨年際推移不斷增長(zhǎng)變化。從兩條流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)彈性力與水沙變化的相關(guān)關(guān)系來(lái)看,二者間均呈較強(qiáng)的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,流域生態(tài)環(huán)境不斷改善,水土流失現(xiàn)象得到控制,水沙呈現(xiàn)減小變化趨勢(shì),且黑木頭川流域減水減沙效益顯著。(3)不同尺度流域下經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)因子與水沙變化響應(yīng)關(guān)系:通過(guò)多元回歸和通徑分析法可知,黑木頭川流域生態(tài)因子對(duì)于水沙變化影響顯著,且其經(jīng)濟(jì)因子的影響主要與流域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方向有關(guān);隨著流域控制面積的增長(zhǎng),影響無(wú)定河流域水沙變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)因子趨于統(tǒng)一,農(nóng)業(yè)因子和自然因子影響作用顯著,而水保和工業(yè)因子的影響作用減弱。
[Abstract]:The Wuding River is an important tributary of the Yellow River in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, flowing through the Loess Plateau region of Northern Shaanxi. In recent years, with the development of social economy, especially with the continuous decline of the growth rate of migrant workers, The emergence of a "city return" phenomenon, which tends to the development of rural and agricultural economy, has made the agricultural economy enter a new stage of development. Therefore, under the background of the increasing human activities and the implementation of the measures of returning farmland to forests and grassland in loess areas, To strengthen the traceability analysis of water and sediment variation, and to establish the response relationship between "economy, ecology and water and sediment". It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the response relationship between the ecological economic factors and the changes of water and sediment in the basin. This study takes the characteristics of water and sediment changes in the Wuding River Basin as the research object, and synthetically applies the Mann-kendall and Pettitt hydrological statistics methods. The relationship between the ecological economic factors and the changes of water and sediment was studied by means of the double cumulative and anomalous cumulative curve method, combined with the GIS analysis technique, with the help of the mathematical statistical methods such as regression analysis and path analysis in SPSS software. The differences between "economy, ecology and water and sediment" in Wuding River are studied. The main research results obtained in this paper are as follows: 1) Inspection and trend change of abrupt change point of water and sediment: from the data of Shijiachuan station and the monitoring station of tributaries in Wuding River Basin, the main research results obtained in this paper are as follows:. In recent 30 years, the water and sediment in Wuding River basin showed a decreasing trend, and the correlation was good, except that the relationship between water and sediment in Luhe River basin was not significant. There was a significant positive correlation between the main stream of Wuding River and its tributaries, income sand. The results of abrupt change test of runoff in Wuding River, Luhe River and Heimuchuan River basins showed that the first mutation point of runoff was concentrated in 1994-1997, the second mutation point was concentrated in 20032005, the first mutation point of runoff was concentrated in 1994-1997, and the second mutation point was in 20032005. However, the first mutation occurred earlier in Wuding River Basin (1988), and the second mutation point coincided with the time of tributary mutation. This was mainly affected by the construction of three northern shelterbelts and ecological construction such as returning cropland to forest (grass). Of the mutation point test, The abrupt time of Wuding River Basin and its tributaries is concentrated around 1990s.) the temporal and spatial evolution of ecosystem elasticity and its relationship with the change of water and sediment: from the statistical data of ecosystem elasticity in different regions, The elasticity of the ecosystem in Heiwu River Basin and Wuding River Basin showed an obvious increasing trend, and affected by geographical characteristics, it was generally higher in the south than in the northern region. From the relationship between the elasticity of the two watershed ecosystems and the changes of water and sediment, there is a strong negative correlation between them, and the ecological environment of the basin is constantly improved, and the phenomenon of soil erosion is controlled. The change trend of water and sediment is decreasing, and the benefit of water and sediment reduction in Heiwuchuan watershed is significant. (3) the response of economic and ecological factors to the change of water and sediment under different scales: through multivariate regression and path analysis. The influence of ecological factors on the changes of water and sediment is significant, and the influence of economic factors is mainly related to the development direction of river basin economy, and with the increase of watershed control area, the economic factors affecting the changes of water and sediment in Wuding River basin tend to be unified. The effects of agricultural and natural factors were significant, but the effects of soil and water conservation and industrial factors were weaker.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

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本文編號(hào)：1599194