本文選題：草魚　切入點(diǎn)：膽堿　出處：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：初始體重為266.9±0.6 g的草魚分別飼喂含膽堿水平為197、385、770、1082、1436、1795 mg/kg的飼糧,試驗(yàn)周期為八周,以研究膽堿對(duì)草魚生長(zhǎng)性能、肉品質(zhì)、鰓免疫功能的影響,并最終確定生長(zhǎng)中期草魚的膽堿需要量。結(jié)果顯示：(1)適宜水平的膽堿顯著提高了草魚的生長(zhǎng)性能,提高了草魚的采食量、飼料效率。(2)適宜水平的膽堿改善了草魚的肉品質(zhì)。提高肌肉蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪以及某些必須氨基酸含量；適宜水平的膽堿顯著提高了草魚肌肉剪切力和膠原蛋白的含量,而降低了肌肉pH值、蒸煮損失以及組織蛋白酶B和L的活力。而且肌肉蒸煮損失的降低可能與膽堿提高了肌肉Cu/Zn-SOD、GPx、GST活力和GSH含量而降低了肌肉氧化損傷有關(guān)。(3)草魚肌肉抗氧化酶活力的提高可能部分上是由于膽堿提高了它們各自的基因轉(zhuǎn)錄水平。同時(shí)適宜水平的膽堿也提高了草魚肌肉Nrf2的mRNA水平而降低了Keapla、Keap1b的相對(duì)表達(dá)水平,并且這種相對(duì)表達(dá)量的變化可能是引起抗氧化酶mRNA水平改變的原因。(4)適宜水平膽堿的添加也提高了草魚鰓酸性磷酸酶、溶菌酶的活力,補(bǔ)體C3的含量以及抗菌肽Hepcidin、LEAP2 mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)水平。同時(shí)提高了抗炎性細(xì)胞因子IL-10、TGFβ1、mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)水平而降低促炎性細(xì)胞因子IL-1β、TNFα、IFNγ、IL-8的表達(dá),而且膽堿調(diào)節(jié)鰓細(xì)胞因子的表達(dá)可能是由于膽堿提高了TOR、IκB的mRNA水平以及降低了NF-κB、IKKβ、IKKγ的mRNA水平。膽堿也可能通過降低MLCK的表達(dá)而提高草魚鰓occludin/ZO-1、 claudin b、claudin c、claudin 3、claudin 12 mRNA水平,但是膽堿對(duì)claudin 15的相對(duì)表達(dá)水平?jīng)]有影響。綜上所述,適宜水平的飼糧膽堿可以促進(jìn)草魚的生長(zhǎng),改善魚肉品質(zhì),提高鰓的免疫屏障功能和物理屏障功能,并可以調(diào)控相關(guān)信號(hào)分子的mRNA水平。本試驗(yàn)以增重百分比(PWG)為標(biāo)識(shí),確定的草魚(266.5-787.1 g)飼糧膽堿的需要量為1136.5mg/kg。
[Abstract]:Grass carp with initial body weight of 266.9 鹵0.6 g were fed diets with choline level of 1970.385U 77077082N 1436C 1795 mg/kg for eight weeks to study the effects of choline on growth performance, meat quality and Gill immune function of grass carp. The results showed that the appropriate level of choline significantly improved the growth performance and feed intake of grass carp. Feed efficiency. 2) the appropriate level of choline improved the meat quality of grass carp, increased the content of muscle protein, fat and some essential amino acids, and the appropriate level of choline significantly increased the shearing force and collagen content of grass carp muscle. And lower the muscle pH, The loss of cooking and the activity of cathepsin B and L. And the decrease of muscle cooking loss may be related to the increase of muscle CuP / Zn-SODX GST activity and GSH content and the decrease of muscle oxidative damage related to the antioxidant enzyme activity of grass carp muscle. The increase may be due in part to the increased transcription of their respective genes by choline. At the same time, the appropriate level of choline also increased the mRNA level of Nrf2 in grass carp muscle and decreased the relative expression level of Keap1b. The change of relative expression level may be the reason for the change of antioxidant enzyme mRNA level. The addition of appropriate level of choline also increases the activity of acid phosphatase and lysozyme in Gill. The content of complement C3 and the relative expression level of antibacterial peptide LEAP2 mRNA increased the relative expression of IL-10TGF- 尾 1mRNA and decreased the expression of IL-1 尾 -TNF- 偽 -IFN- 緯 -IL-8. Choline regulates the expression of cytokines in Gill probably because choline increases the mRNA level of TORI 魏 B and decreases the mRNA level of Ike 尾 -IKK 緯. Choline may also increase the level of cludin-ZO-1, claudin bclaudin cclaudin 3claudin 12 mRNA by decreasing the expression of MLCK. But choline had no effect on the relative expression of claudin 15. In conclusion, the appropriate dietary choline level could promote the growth of grass carp, improve the quality of fish meat, improve the immune barrier function and physical barrier function of Gill. The dietary choline requirement of grass carp was determined to be 1136.5 mg / kg.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S965.112

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本文編號(hào)：1584715