發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-03 15:52

  本文選題：HRM　切入點(diǎn)：種類鑒定　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：亞洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenee),是危害玉米的重要害蟲,制約著我國玉米的產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì),東北地區(qū)為我國玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū),一般年份,春玉米受玉米螟為害而減產(chǎn)10%左右,大發(fā)生年可使玉米減產(chǎn)30%以上,造成巨大的損失。近年來全球氣候變暖、耕作改制和玉米品種更替,亞洲玉米螟生物學(xué)特性與危害習(xí)性已發(fā)生明顯改變,為害呈加重趨勢,大發(fā)生頻率不斷增加。玉米螟幼蟲屬鉆蛀性害蟲,利用化學(xué)農(nóng)藥防治困難。同時(shí),使用化學(xué)農(nóng)藥也殺傷有益節(jié)肢動(dòng)物。因此,全球仍繼續(xù)關(guān)注發(fā)展環(huán)境友好型和可持續(xù)的管理措施。生物防治是害蟲綜合治理的重要組成部分,根據(jù)天敵、寄主與非生物之間的相互作用,選擇最佳的生物防治劑。赤眼蜂是防治鱗翅目害蟲的重要天敵昆蟲,廣泛應(yīng)用于農(nóng)作物害蟲防治。本研究建立基于HRM技術(shù)鑒定3種赤眼蜂方法的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了松毛蟲赤眼蜂Trichograrmma dendrolimi Matsumura在玉米田的擴(kuò)散距離,比較不同放蜂方法及人工釋放松毛蟲赤眼蜂防治1代亞洲玉米螟和1、2代亞洲玉米螟聯(lián)防對亞洲玉米螟田間防治效果,旨在建立赤眼蜂蜂種快速鑒定技術(shù)體系,探索高效的放蜂技術(shù),以指導(dǎo)赤眼蜂田間應(yīng)用,提高生物防治效果。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.在優(yōu)化HRM反應(yīng)體系的基礎(chǔ)上,利用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR技術(shù)分析獲得標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化熔解曲線與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化差異曲線,成功將3種赤眼蜂鑒別出來,建立了基于HRM技術(shù)的松毛蟲赤眼蜂、玉米螟赤眼蜂T.ostriniaae Pang et Chen和稻螟赤眼蜂T.japonicumAshmead的快速鑒定方法。2.在14.7 ha的玉米田中心釋放300000頭松毛蟲赤眼蜂,定期調(diào)查每個(gè)誘集點(diǎn)黃板所誘捕到的赤眼蜂個(gè)體數(shù)量,應(yīng)用多個(gè)擴(kuò)散模型計(jì)算出松毛蟲赤眼蜂在1、2代亞洲玉米螟發(fā)生時(shí)期的平均擴(kuò)散距離分別為24.55m和29.62m,估算出在玉米田中釋放松毛蟲赤眼蜂,防治1代亞洲玉米螟時(shí)每公頃設(shè)置20個(gè)釋放點(diǎn),防治2代亞洲玉米螟時(shí)每公頃設(shè)置15個(gè)釋放點(diǎn)。3.采用無人機(jī)投放赤眼蜂蜂卡與人工投放赤眼蜂蜂卡,比較不同種植密度和釋放方法對亞洲玉米螟的田間防效。根據(jù)放蜂后的調(diào)查以及剖稈調(diào)查結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在種植密度相同條件下,無人機(jī)投放赤眼蜂蜂卡對亞洲玉米螟的田間防治效果(23.92%)與人工投放赤眼蜂蜂卡(41.83%)之間無顯著差異。在不同種植密度條件下,使用無人機(jī)投放蜂卡對亞洲玉米螟的田間防治效果為:低密度種植常規(guī)密度種植高密度種植。4.比較人工釋放松毛蟲赤眼蜂防治1代亞洲玉米螟與1、2代亞洲玉米螟聯(lián)防兩種防治方法對田間亞洲玉米螟的防治效果及玉米產(chǎn)量的影響。根據(jù)放蜂后田間調(diào)查、秋后剖桿調(diào)查及測產(chǎn)結(jié)果,表明釋放松毛蟲赤眼蜂聯(lián)防1、2代亞洲玉米螟對田間亞洲玉米螟的防治效果(57.79%)及挽回產(chǎn)量損失率(6.15%)優(yōu)于僅防治1代亞洲玉米螟的防治效果(30.95%)及挽回產(chǎn)量損失率(4.93%)。
[Abstract]:Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis Gueneee is an important pest that harms maize and restricts the yield and quality of maize in China. Northeast China is the main maize producing area in China. In general years, spring maize is damaged by corn borer and the yield is reduced by 10% or so. In recent years, global climate warming, tillage reform and maize variety replacement, the biological characteristics and harmful habits of Asian corn borer have changed obviously, and the damage has become more serious. The larva of corn borer belongs to drilling borer, and it is difficult to use chemical pesticide to control it. At the same time, the use of chemical pesticide can also kill and kill beneficial arthropods. The development of environmentally friendly and sustainable management practices continues to be a global concern. Biological control is an important component of integrated pest management, based on the interactions between natural enemies, host and abiotic, The best biological control agent was selected. Trichogramma was an important natural enemy insect to control Lepidoptera pests and was widely used in crop pest control. In this study, three methods of identification of Trichogramma were established based on HRM technology. The diffusion distance of Trichogramma Trichograrmma dendrolimi Matsumura in maize field was studied, and the control effects of different methods and artificial release Trichogramma against Asian corn borer of first generation and Asian corn borer of 1 and 2 generations were compared. The aim of this study was to establish a rapid identification system for Trichogramma species and to explore a highly efficient bee-releasing technique to guide the field application of Trichogramma and to improve the biological control effect. The main results were as follows: 1. On the basis of optimizing the HRM reaction system, The standardized melting curve and standardized differential curve were obtained by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis. The three species of Trichogramma were successfully identified and the Trichogramma pine caterpillar based on HRM technology was established. The rapid identification method of T. ostriniaae Pang et Chen and T. japonicum Ashmead. 300000 Trichogramma pine caterpillars were released in the center of corn field of 14.7ha. Using several diffusion models, the average diffusion distance of Trichogramma in the first and second generation of Asian corn borer was 24.55 m and 29.62 m, respectively, and the release of Trichogramma from maize field was estimated. There were 20 release points per hectare for the first generation of Asian corn borer control and 15 release points per hectare for the second generation of Asian corn borer. The field control effects of different planting density and release methods on Asian corn borer were compared. There was no significant difference between the field control effect of Trichogramma drone on Asian corn borer (23.92) and that of Trichogramma (41.83). The field control effects of using drones to control Asian corn borer are as follows: low density planting conventional density planting high density planting .4.Compared artificial release of pine caterpillar Trichogramma to control Asian corn borer of first generation and Asian corn borer of 1 and 2 generations. Effects of two combined control methods on the control effect and corn yield of Asian corn borer in the field. After autumn, the results of the survey and the measurement of the yield, The results showed that the control effect of 1 ~ 2 generation Asian corn borer by releasing Trichogramma pine caterpillar on the field was 57.79%) and the yield loss rate was 6.15%) which was better than the control effect of the first generation Asian corn borer only (30.955) and the recovery yield loss rate (4.93%).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S435.13;S476.3
，

本文編號：1561688