本文關鍵詞： PAM SAP 旱區(qū)坡地 交并施用 固土截水 水分保蓄 土壤　出處：《內蒙古農業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：PAM和SAP作為分別具有顯著固土截流和土壤水分保蓄能力的兩類土壤化學調控材料,對于水土流失防治、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護、農業(yè)水分高效利用、作物增產等意義重大。目前PAM和SAP的研究按各自作用特點和一定應用條件集中在單一材料上,而針對PAM和SAP在旱區(qū)坡地交并施用的研究未見報導。本文共采取五種不同施用方式:PAM表層撒施+ SAP混施(0-20 cm);PAM表層撒施+ SAP層施(20 cm);PAM表層噴施+ SAP混施(0-20 cm);PAM表層噴施+ SAP層施(20 cm);PAM混施+ SAP混施。六種SAP施用量和六種PAM施用量:ck、1、2、3、4、5 kg/畝。兩種坡度:5°和10°。1.PAM和SAP交并施用對旱區(qū)坡地固土截水的影響PAM和SAP交并施用可以有效提高旱區(qū)坡地固土截水能力,并呈現隨著施用量增加固土截水能力也增強的趨勢。但只有當SAP層施時,沒有因為SAP施用量的變化而變化。PAM主要影響水土流失中的土壤侵蝕量,而SAP主要影響的是地表徑流量。在五種施用方式下,PAM混施和SAP混施可以顯著加強固土截水能力。與此同時當PAM和SAP施用在10°的土槽上時,能夠發(fā)揮更好的效果。2.PAM和SAP交并施用對旱區(qū)坡地水分保蓄的影響經過施用PAM和SAP后的土壤,在人工模擬降雨后,測取土壤含水率,各層土壤均有明顯提升,并且隨著施用量的增加土壤含水率也會升高。與此同時土壤持水量增加,滲流量減少。SAP提高土壤水分保蓄能力比PAM較顯著。SAP層施的影響范圍在15-30cm 土層,而SAP混施時影響的范圍在0-25cm 土層。對比五種施用方式,PAM混施和SAP混施是提高土壤含水率、土壤持水量和減少滲流量的最佳選擇。在兩種不同坡度下,坡度升高,土壤含水率增加,但土壤持水量并沒有增加,滲流量也沒有減少。3.PAM和SAP交并施用對旱區(qū)坡地土壤養(yǎng)分的影響隨著PAM和SAP施用量的增加,徑流總氮量和總磷量降低,土壤總氮量和總磷量升高。五種施用方式下同樣也是PAM混施和SAP混施使土壤養(yǎng)分得到了最大化的有效保持。在兩種坡度上土壤養(yǎng)分量并沒有變化,所以坡度的增加并沒有影響PAM和SAP對土壤養(yǎng)分的改變。
[Abstract]:PAM and SAP are two kinds of soil chemical control materials, which have remarkable ability of soil closure and soil moisture conservation, respectively, for soil erosion control, ecological environment protection, and agricultural water efficient use. At present, the research of PAM and SAP is concentrated on a single material according to their respective function characteristics and certain application conditions. However, there is no report on the application of PAM and SAP on sloping land in arid area. In this paper, five different application methods were adopted. The surface layer of PAM was sprayed with mixed application of SAP (0-20 cm), SAP layer was sprayed with 20 cm / SAP layer, and the surface layer was sprayed with SAP mixed application (0-20 cm) / PAM layer. Six kinds of SAP and six kinds of PAM were applied in SAP layer. Six kinds of SAP and six kinds of PAM were applied at a rate of 5 kg / mu. The effects of two kinds of slope degrees: 5 擄and 10 擄. 1. The effects of PAM and SAP on soil interception in arid sloping land could be improved effectively by applying PAM and SAP. The water interception capacity of slope land, With the increase of application rate, the water interception capacity of soil was also increased, but only when applied in SAP layer, the amount of soil erosion in soil erosion was mainly affected by the change of SAP application rate. However, the surface runoff was mainly affected by SAP. Under the five application modes, the combined application of SAP and SAP could significantly enhance the ability of soil water interception. At the same time, when PAM and SAP were applied on the soil trough of 10 擄, the water interception capacity of the soil was significantly enhanced when PAM and SAP were applied in 10 擄soil trough. 2. The effects of PAM and SAP on water conservation and storage in arid sloping land were improved. After applying PAM and SAP, the soil moisture content was measured after simulated rainfall, and the soil in each layer increased obviously. With the increase of application rate, soil moisture content will also increase. Meanwhile, the soil water holding capacity will be increased with the increase of soil water holding capacity. Meanwhile, the soil moisture retention capacity of PAM is significantly higher than that of PAM. The influence range of SAP layer application is 15-30cm soil layer. The effect range of SAP mixed application is 0-25 cm soil layer. Comparing the five application methods, the best choice is to increase soil moisture content, soil water holding capacity and reduce seepage flow. Under two different slopes, the slope is increased. The soil moisture content increased, but the soil water holding capacity did not increase, and the amount of percolation did not decrease. 3. The effects of PAM and SAP and application on soil nutrients in sloping land in arid area decreased with the increase of PAM and SAP application rates. The soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus were increased. Under the five application modes, the mixture of PAM and SAP could keep the soil nutrients to the maximum, but there was no change in the soil nutrient content in the two slopes. So the increase of slope had no effect on the change of soil nutrient by PAM and SAP.
【學位授予單位】：內蒙古農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157

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