本文關(guān)鍵詞： PAM SAP 旱區(qū)坡地 交并施用 固土截水 水分保蓄 土壤　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：PAM和SAP作為分別具有顯著固土截流和土壤水分保蓄能力的兩類土壤化學(xué)調(diào)控材料,對(duì)于水土流失防治、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)、農(nóng)業(yè)水分高效利用、作物增產(chǎn)等意義重大。目前PAM和SAP的研究按各自作用特點(diǎn)和一定應(yīng)用條件集中在單一材料上,而針對(duì)PAM和SAP在旱區(qū)坡地交并施用的研究未見報(bào)導(dǎo)。本文共采取五種不同施用方式:PAM表層撒施+ SAP混施(0-20 cm);PAM表層撒施+ SAP層施(20 cm);PAM表層噴施+ SAP混施(0-20 cm);PAM表層噴施+ SAP層施(20 cm);PAM混施+ SAP混施。六種SAP施用量和六種PAM施用量:ck、1、2、3、4、5 kg/畝。兩種坡度:5°和10°。1.PAM和SAP交并施用對(duì)旱區(qū)坡地固土截水的影響PAM和SAP交并施用可以有效提高旱區(qū)坡地固土截水能力,并呈現(xiàn)隨著施用量增加固土截水能力也增強(qiáng)的趨勢(shì)。但只有當(dāng)SAP層施時(shí),沒有因?yàn)镾AP施用量的變化而變化。PAM主要影響水土流失中的土壤侵蝕量,而SAP主要影響的是地表徑流量。在五種施用方式下,PAM混施和SAP混施可以顯著加強(qiáng)固土截水能力。與此同時(shí)當(dāng)PAM和SAP施用在10°的土槽上時(shí),能夠發(fā)揮更好的效果。2.PAM和SAP交并施用對(duì)旱區(qū)坡地水分保蓄的影響經(jīng)過施用PAM和SAP后的土壤,在人工模擬降雨后,測(cè)取土壤含水率,各層土壤均有明顯提升,并且隨著施用量的增加土壤含水率也會(huì)升高。與此同時(shí)土壤持水量增加,滲流量減少。SAP提高土壤水分保蓄能力比PAM較顯著。SAP層施的影響范圍在15-30cm 土層,而SAP混施時(shí)影響的范圍在0-25cm 土層。對(duì)比五種施用方式,PAM混施和SAP混施是提高土壤含水率、土壤持水量和減少滲流量的最佳選擇。在兩種不同坡度下,坡度升高,土壤含水率增加,但土壤持水量并沒有增加,滲流量也沒有減少。3.PAM和SAP交并施用對(duì)旱區(qū)坡地土壤養(yǎng)分的影響隨著PAM和SAP施用量的增加,徑流總氮量和總磷量降低,土壤總氮量和總磷量升高。五種施用方式下同樣也是PAM混施和SAP混施使土壤養(yǎng)分得到了最大化的有效保持。在兩種坡度上土壤養(yǎng)分量并沒有變化,所以坡度的增加并沒有影響PAM和SAP對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分的改變。
[Abstract]:PAM and SAP are two kinds of soil chemical control materials, which have remarkable ability of soil closure and soil moisture conservation, respectively, for soil erosion control, ecological environment protection, and agricultural water efficient use. At present, the research of PAM and SAP is concentrated on a single material according to their respective function characteristics and certain application conditions. However, there is no report on the application of PAM and SAP on sloping land in arid area. In this paper, five different application methods were adopted. The surface layer of PAM was sprayed with mixed application of SAP (0-20 cm), SAP layer was sprayed with 20 cm / SAP layer, and the surface layer was sprayed with SAP mixed application (0-20 cm) / PAM layer. Six kinds of SAP and six kinds of PAM were applied in SAP layer. Six kinds of SAP and six kinds of PAM were applied at a rate of 5 kg / mu. The effects of two kinds of slope degrees: 5 擄and 10 擄. 1. The effects of PAM and SAP on soil interception in arid sloping land could be improved effectively by applying PAM and SAP. The water interception capacity of slope land, With the increase of application rate, the water interception capacity of soil was also increased, but only when applied in SAP layer, the amount of soil erosion in soil erosion was mainly affected by the change of SAP application rate. However, the surface runoff was mainly affected by SAP. Under the five application modes, the combined application of SAP and SAP could significantly enhance the ability of soil water interception. At the same time, when PAM and SAP were applied on the soil trough of 10 擄, the water interception capacity of the soil was significantly enhanced when PAM and SAP were applied in 10 擄soil trough. 2. The effects of PAM and SAP on water conservation and storage in arid sloping land were improved. After applying PAM and SAP, the soil moisture content was measured after simulated rainfall, and the soil in each layer increased obviously. With the increase of application rate, soil moisture content will also increase. Meanwhile, the soil water holding capacity will be increased with the increase of soil water holding capacity. Meanwhile, the soil moisture retention capacity of PAM is significantly higher than that of PAM. The influence range of SAP layer application is 15-30cm soil layer. The effect range of SAP mixed application is 0-25 cm soil layer. Comparing the five application methods, the best choice is to increase soil moisture content, soil water holding capacity and reduce seepage flow. Under two different slopes, the slope is increased. The soil moisture content increased, but the soil water holding capacity did not increase, and the amount of percolation did not decrease. 3. The effects of PAM and SAP and application on soil nutrients in sloping land in arid area decreased with the increase of PAM and SAP application rates. The soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus were increased. Under the five application modes, the mixture of PAM and SAP could keep the soil nutrients to the maximum, but there was no change in the soil nutrient content in the two slopes. So the increase of slope had no effect on the change of soil nutrient by PAM and SAP.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S157

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張春強(qiáng);馮浩;;PAM和尿素混施對(duì)土壤入滲特性的影響[J];水土保持學(xué)報(bào);2013年04期

2 張蕊;白崗栓;;保水劑在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用及發(fā)展前景[J];農(nóng)學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2012年07期

3 張婉璐;魏占民;徐睿智;李彥;李佳寶;李澤鳴;;PAM對(duì)河套灌區(qū)鹽漬土物理性狀及水分蒸發(fā)影響的初步研究[J];水土保持學(xué)報(bào);2012年03期

4 ;Development of Soil Crusts Under Simulated Rainfall and Crust Formation on a Loess Soil as Influenced by Polyacrylamide[J];Pedosphere;2012年03期

5 林素蘭;;聚丙烯酰銨和石膏防治土壤侵蝕[J];水土保持應(yīng)用技術(shù);2011年05期

6 李晶晶;白崗栓;;聚丙烯酰胺的水土保持機(jī)制及研究進(jìn)展[J];中國(guó)水土保持科學(xué);2011年05期

7 張治;田富強(qiáng);鐘瑞森;胡和平;;新疆膜下滴灌棉田生育期地溫變化規(guī)律[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2011年01期

8 于健;雷廷武;Isaac Shainberg;張俊生;張季平;;PAM特性對(duì)砂壤土入滲及土壤侵蝕的影響[J];土壤學(xué)報(bào);2011年01期

9 于健;雷廷武;I.Shainberg;張俊生;張季平;;不同PAM施用方法對(duì)土壤入滲和侵蝕的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2010年07期

10 韓鳳朋;鄭紀(jì)勇;李占斌;張興昌;;PAM對(duì)土壤物理性狀以及水分分布的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2010年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 于健;地表徑流與土壤侵蝕的化學(xué)與物理調(diào)控效應(yīng)試驗(yàn)研究[D];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2005年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 史吉?jiǎng)?保水劑、PAM施用對(duì)土壤特性及對(duì)胡蘿卜生長(zhǎng)的影響[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

，

本文編號(hào)：1543078