本文關鍵詞： 廢棄煙末(梗) 有機肥化肥配施 土壤有效養(yǎng)分 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性　出處：《西南大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來持續(xù)和大量的施用化肥、不科學規(guī)范的耕作措施和有機肥施用嚴重不足,導致農耕土壤養(yǎng)分不平衡,保水保肥及透氣性能的降低加劇了土壤物理性能惡化,農田質量持續(xù)降低,農作物產量與質量受到極大影響。而我國煙草產量巨大居世界首位,煙草種植與其產品加工在國民經濟發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重要的作用,已成為我國財政收入和社會經濟發(fā)展的重要支柱。煙草種植產生了大量的廢棄煙末(梗),其本身含有大量有機質及多種微量元素,具有易于集中處理、成本低等特點,極適合作為優(yōu)質有機肥源。且尚未處理的煙草廢棄物被隨意拋棄在田間,造成資源浪費的同時,污染了農業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境。因此進行廢棄煙末(梗)無害化處理和資源化再利用對解決農業(yè)面源污染、合理利用資源、提高農耕土壤質量、發(fā)展可持續(xù)農業(yè)和循環(huán)農業(yè)很有必要。本試驗采用煙草公司腐熟的廢棄煙末(梗)有機肥,設置4種施肥處理,分別是空白對照(CK)、化肥處理(CF)、煙末有機肥處理(TOF)、化肥配施煙末有機肥(CF+TOF)處理。研究了煙末(梗)有機肥對土壤養(yǎng)分、微生物量碳氮、土壤酶活性及玉米、楊梅、花椰菜和辣椒產量品質的影響。主要研究結果如下:1.煙末(梗)有機肥與化肥配施效果與普通商品有機肥與化肥配施效果類似。在施用CF+TOF處理的土壤中,四種作物的土壤堿解氮、有效磷、速效鉀含量最高,與作物在果熟期大量的養(yǎng)分需求相呼應,有益于滿足作物形成果實的養(yǎng)分需要。2.與CK和CF處理相比,CF+TOF和TOF處理顯著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮,說明煙末(梗)有機肥能改善土壤水分、養(yǎng)分的供應狀況,促進微生物生長繁殖,增加微生物數量,從而加快了土壤碳、氮等元素的循環(huán)過程和土壤礦物質的礦化過程。3.施用CF+TOF和TOF還提高土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和過氧化氫酶活性,有益于土壤有機質循環(huán)、氮磷養(yǎng)分轉化和活性氧消除。在廢棄煙末(梗)有機肥與化肥配施的條件下,隨著玉米、花椰菜與辣椒生長發(fā)育,土壤養(yǎng)分含量顯著提高,土壤微生物數量增加,從而使土壤酶活性提高。4.施用CF+TOF后,玉米籽粒產量、粗蛋白和淀粉含量分別比CF提高10.11%、13.94%和13.75%;花椰菜的產量、粗蛋白和淀粉含量分別比CF提高15.57%、24.55%和23.51%;辣椒的產量、維生素C和硝酸鹽分別比CF提高14.04%、38.36%和13.76%;楊梅的產量和維生素C分別比CF提高5.45%和4.77%,表明煙末(梗)有機肥可以有效增產并有效提高農作物果實營養(yǎng)價值。因此,由于腐熟廢棄的煙末(梗)具有高肥效高利用率、便于收集和購買成本低廉等優(yōu)點,可成為優(yōu)質有機肥源,化肥配施煙末(梗)有機肥能改善土壤養(yǎng)分狀況,促進微生物生長繁殖,增加微生物數量,增強土壤酶活性,加速催化土壤生物化學反應速率和土壤養(yǎng)分循環(huán),提高玉米、楊梅、花椰菜與辣椒的產量品質。在國家推崇綠色可持續(xù)農田和高標準農田、大力控煙政策和農田大量缺乏有機肥原料的情況下可以廣泛推廣應用。
[Abstract]:In recent years and a large number of chemical fertilizers, not scientific and standard tillage and manure application resulted in serious shortage of agricultural soil nutrient imbalance, fertilizer and lower permeability exacerbated the deterioration of physical properties of soil and water conservation, reduce farmland quality, yield and quality of crops is affected greatly. But China's tobacco production is huge in the world, and tobacco products processing plays an important role in the development of national economy, has become an important pillar of China's fiscal revenue and social economic development. The tobacco planting produced a large number of discarded tobacco (stem), which itself contains a lot of organic matter and trace elements, it is easy to centralized processing, characteristics low cost, very suitable for high quality organic fertilizer. And not yet processed tobacco waste be discarded in the field, resulting in a waste of resources and pollution of the agricultural ecological environment Exit. Therefore waste tobacco powder (stem) harmless treatment and resource reuse to solve the agricultural non-point source pollution, the rational use of resources, improve the agricultural soil quality, sustainable agriculture and circular agriculture is necessary. In this experiment, the tobacco companies abandoned tobacco maturity (stem) of organic fertilizer, 4 fertilization treatment respectively, is blank control (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), tobacco powder organic fertilizer (TOF), chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer (CF+TOF) at the end of the smoke of smoke at the end of treatment. (stem) of organic fertilizer on soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and soil enzyme activity in maize, bayberry, influence of cauliflower and pepper yield and quality. The main results are as follows: 1. tobacco powder (stem) of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and ordinary commercial organic manure and fertilizer application in CF+TOF treatment. The effect is similar in soil, soil alkali four crops nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content was the highest, and The phase echoed in the fructescence of nutrient demand, beneficial to meet crop nutrient requirements and the formation of fruit.2. CK and CF CF+TOF and TOF treatment compared to treatment significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, indicating tobacco (stem) of organic fertilizer could improve soil moisture, nutrient supply conditions, promote the growth of microorganism and the increasing number of microorganisms, thereby speeding up the soil carbon cycle and soil mineral nitrogen and other elements of the mineralization process of.3. application of CF+TOF and TOF also increased soil invertase, urease, phosphatase and catalase activity, beneficial to soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus transformation and elimination of reactive oxygen species in abandoned tobacco (. Peduncle) organic manure and fertilizer conditions, with corn, broccoli and pepper growth, soil nutrient content increased significantly, the increase in the number of soil microorganism, soil enzyme activity increased to.4. after using CF+TOF, jade Rice grain yield, crude protein and starch content were higher than CF 10.11%, 13.94% and 13.75%; cauliflower yield, crude protein and starch content were higher than CF 15.57%, 24.55% and 23.51%; pepper yield, vitamin C and nitrate were higher than CF 14.04%, 38.36% and 13.76%; the yield of Bayberry and vitamin C respectively. CF increased by 5.45% and 4.77%, showed that tobacco powder (stem) of organic fertilizer can effectively improve the crop yield and fruit nutritional value. Therefore, the maturity of discarded tobacco (stem) with high efficiency high utilization rate, easy to collect and buy low cost etc, can be a good organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer of tobacco at the end of (stem) of organic fertilizer could improve soil nutrient status, promote microbial growth and reproduction, increase the number of soil microbes, soil enzyme activity enhancement, accelerating soil biological chemical reaction rate and soil nutrient circulation, improve corn, red bayberry, cauliflower The yield and quality of vegetables and capsicum can be widely promoted under the condition of highly respected green sustainable farmland and high standard farmland, vigorously smoking control policy and a large number of farmland lacking organic fertilizer raw materials.

【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S513;S667.6;S63

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