本文關(guān)鍵詞： 亞洲玉米螟 極端高溫 生活史性狀 繁殖　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：亞洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)是我國玉米生產(chǎn)上的重要害蟲,其嚴重危害已成為制約玉米高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)和糧食安全的主要因素,一直是生產(chǎn)上亟待解決的重大問題。長期以來,對引起亞洲玉米螟發(fā)生危害的外部原因以及依靠外部干擾控制其危害的技術(shù)方面已做了大量研究,取得了較大的成就。但是,隨著近年來全球氣候變暖加劇,亞洲玉米螟生物學(xué)特性與危害習(xí)性的表型已發(fā)生明顯改變,為害呈加重趨勢,大發(fā)生頻率不斷增加,現(xiàn)有預(yù)警、防控體系面臨嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)。研究氣候變暖條件下亞洲玉米螟對高溫的生物學(xué)響應(yīng)對不同生態(tài)區(qū)、不同發(fā)生世代區(qū)制定相應(yīng)防治策略與防治技術(shù)具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。本文通過研究卵期極端高溫對亞洲玉米螟生活史性狀的影響、亞洲玉米螟不同齡期極端高溫對其生長發(fā)育的影響及單一高溫對亞洲玉米螟成蟲繁殖表現(xiàn)的影響,明確了不同處理時間下亞洲玉米螟不同發(fā)育階段的耐熱性差異及對后續(xù)生長發(fā)育所產(chǎn)生的影響。全文的主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.研究了卵期短時極端高溫對亞洲玉米螟生活史性狀的影響。42℃極端高溫下,處理1-3h導(dǎo)致亞洲玉米螟幼蟲的化蛹率和蛹重顯著下降。卵的高溫效應(yīng)可能通過對蛹重的影響傳遞到成蟲,即成蟲壽命呈下降趨勢。后續(xù)恢復(fù)溫度的適當(dāng)升高有助于卵高溫作用后幼蟲的存活和發(fā)育速率的加快,即較高的恢復(fù)溫度可改善高溫處理時間的延長對亞洲玉米螟產(chǎn)生的不利影響。2.研究了亞洲玉米螟幼蟲不同齡期對短時極端高溫的耐熱性差異。隨42℃暴露時間的延長,亞洲玉米螟不同齡期的存活率顯著降低;并且亞洲玉米螟不同齡期的耐熱性存在顯著差異,其耐熱性從高到低依次為3齡幼蟲2齡幼蟲1齡幼蟲。試驗還發(fā)現(xiàn)雌蟲的耐熱性顯著高于雄蟲。3.研究了極端高溫對亞洲玉米螟成蟲繁殖表現(xiàn)的影響。2-3h的高溫并不會引起亞洲玉米螟成蟲的立即死亡,但隨熱處理時間的延長均可導(dǎo)致成蟲的壽命、產(chǎn)卵量與卵孵化率顯著下降,且雌成蟲高溫處理所產(chǎn)生的不利影響遠遠大于對雄成蟲的處理。
[Abstract]:Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis(Guen 茅 e) is an important pest in maize production in China. Its serious harm has become the main factor that restricts the high yield and good quality of corn and the food security. It has been an important problem to be solved in the production for a long time. A great deal of research has been done on the external causes of damage caused by Asian corn borer and the technology of controlling its harm by external interference. However, with the increase of global climate warming in recent years, great achievements have been made. The phenotypes of the biological characteristics and harmful habits of Asian corn borer have changed obviously. To study the biological response of Asian corn borer to high temperature in different ecological regions under the condition of global warming. It is of great significance to formulate control strategies and control techniques in different generations. This paper studied the effect of extreme high temperature during egg period on the life history traits of Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis). The effect of extreme high temperature at different ages on the growth and development of Asian corn borer and the effect of single high temperature on the reproductive performance of Asian corn borer. The difference of heat tolerance and its effect on the subsequent growth and development of Asian corn borer at different treatment time were clarified. The main results of this paper were as follows:. 1. The effect of extreme high temperature on the life cycle of Asian corn borer was studied. The effect of extreme high temperature on the life cycle of Asian corn borer was studied under the extreme high temperature of 42 鈩，

本文編號：1475776