本文關(guān)鍵詞： 山羊絨 羊毛 鹽酸 次氯酸鈉 結(jié)構(gòu) 拉伸性能　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：山羊絨和羊毛都是天然蛋白質(zhì)纖維,它們的化學(xué)組織結(jié)構(gòu)非常相近,在吸濕、光澤、保暖性等方面有著共同點(diǎn),在紡織中受到人們的偏愛。但在生產(chǎn)中(如洗凈、漂白、印染等工藝)山羊絨和羊毛纖維的結(jié)構(gòu)及性能極易受到酸堿的破壞,從而受到人們極大的重視。纖維的結(jié)構(gòu)與性能的破壞會(huì)導(dǎo)致紡織品品質(zhì)下降,并且給企業(yè)和消費(fèi)者都帶來很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和困擾。因此,通過用鹽酸和次氯酸鈉處理山羊絨和羊毛,研究纖維的結(jié)構(gòu)及拉伸性能以及尋找加工工藝所導(dǎo)致纖維拉伸性能降低的因素,這對(duì)提高山羊絨和羊毛制品的品質(zhì)具有非常重要的意義。本文主要對(duì)山羊絨和羊毛纖維的結(jié)構(gòu)與拉伸性能進(jìn)行了如下研究:1.用酸堿溶液的濃度、處理溫度、處理時(shí)間為影響拉伸性能的主要因素,采用三因素三水平設(shè)計(jì)正交試驗(yàn),測試山羊絨和羊毛束纖維的一些基本指標(biāo)(斷裂強(qiáng)力、斷裂時(shí)間、斷裂伸長等)。通過多指標(biāo)的直觀分析和方差分析,結(jié)果表明:用鹽酸處理山羊絨和羊毛纖維,鹽酸濃度對(duì)束纖維的拉伸性能有著顯著的影響;用次氯酸鈉處理山羊絨和羊毛纖維,次氯酸鈉濃度對(duì)束纖維的拉伸性能有著非常顯著的影響。2.用掃描電鏡對(duì)山羊絨和羊毛纖維進(jìn)行觀察:發(fā)現(xiàn)低濃度的鹽酸溶液對(duì)山羊絨和羊毛纖維表面形態(tài)沒有太大影響,但隨著濃度的增加,對(duì)纖維的破壞就明顯了,鱗片層開始翹起,小部分鱗片開始剝離;而低濃度的次氯酸鈉溶液對(duì)山羊絨和羊毛纖維的破壞就已經(jīng)開始了,隨著濃度的增加,破壞也就越加明顯,纖維的鱗片層基本被氧化,皮質(zhì)層開始受損,毛干開始變得粗糙,濃度再增加,甚至纖維的皮質(zhì)層基本被破壞,毛干部分被氧化,整個(gè)纖維變得異常粗糙。3.分別用X射線能譜(EDS)和X射線衍射(XRD)分析,結(jié)果表明:用鹽酸處理后的山羊絨和羊毛纖維表面的C、N、O、S元素含量的變化并不明顯,相對(duì)結(jié)晶指數(shù)下降的較緩和;用次氯酸鈉處理后的山羊絨纖維表面的C元素含量增加,N、O、S元素含量下降,相對(duì)結(jié)晶指數(shù)下降的較快;羊毛纖維表面的C元素含量下降,N、O、S元素含量增加,相對(duì)結(jié)晶指數(shù)下降的也較快。
[Abstract]:Cashmere and wool are natural protein fibers, their chemical structure is very similar, in moisture absorption, luster, warmth and other aspects of common. It is favored in textile industry, but the structure and properties of cashmere and wool fibers in production (such as cleaning, bleaching, printing and dyeing, etc.) are easily damaged by acid and alkali. Thus, people pay great attention to it. The destruction of fiber structure and properties will lead to the decline of textile quality, and will bring great economic losses and troubles to enterprises and consumers. Through the treatment of cashmere and wool with hydrochloric acid and sodium hypochlorite, the structure and tensile properties of the fiber were studied. This is very important to improve the quality of cashmere and wool products. The structure and tensile properties of cashmere and wool fiber were studied as follows: 1. The concentration of acid-base solution and treatment temperature were used. The treatment time is the main factor affecting the tensile properties. The orthogonal design of three factors and three levels was used to test some basic indexes of cashmere and wool bundle fiber (breaking strength and breaking time). The results show that the concentration of hydrochloric acid has a significant effect on the tensile properties of cashmere and wool fiber treated with hydrochloric acid. Cashmere and wool fibers were treated with sodium hypochlorite. The concentration of sodium hypochlorite has a significant effect on the tensile properties of the bundle fibers. 2. The cashmere and wool fibers were observed by scanning electron microscope. It was found that the low concentration of hydrochloric acid solution had little effect on the surface morphology of cashmere and wool fiber. However, with the increase of the concentration, the destruction of the fiber was obvious, the scales began to warp and a small part of the scales began to peel off. The destruction of cashmere and wool fiber with low concentration of sodium hypochlorite has already begun. With the increase of concentration, the destruction becomes more and more obvious, the scale layer of fiber is basically oxidized, and the cortical layer is damaged. The dry began to become rough, and the concentration increased, and even the cortical layer of the fiber was basically destroyed, and the dry part was oxidized. The whole fiber became unusually rough. The results were analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results showed that the Con N2O on the surface of cashmere and wool treated with hydrochloric acid was obtained. The change of S element content is not obvious, and the decrease of relative crystallization index is more moderate. After treated with sodium hypochlorite, the content of C element on the surface of cashmere fiber increased and the relative crystallization index decreased rapidly. On the surface of wool fiber, the content of C element decreased and the relative crystallization index decreased rapidly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S827

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本文編號(hào)：1475082