本文關鍵詞：遮蔭條件下水氮處理對小�？Х壬L及光合特性的影響　出處：《昆明理工大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 小粒咖啡 遮蔭 氮肥 灌溉 光合特性 水光利用效率

【摘要】：小�？Х仁且环N對生長環(huán)境要求較高的半蔭蔽作物,喜陰涼、潮濕環(huán)境,過高的太陽輻射容易引起光抑制。作為云南省熱帶優(yōu)勢農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,種植面積及產(chǎn)量占全國90%以上,小�？Х壬a(chǎn)受到土壤干旱、營養(yǎng)不足及光照過度三重制約,產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)得不到保證。基于以上背景,本研究以小�？Х扔讟錇楣┰嚥牧�,采用兩個完全組合試驗:試驗Ⅰ(盆栽試驗)設3個施氮水平(無氮No為對照、中氮N1、高氮N2),3個遮蔭水平(S0為無遮蔭、S1為中度遮蔭、S2為重度遮蔭);試驗Ⅱ(小區(qū)試驗)設3個灌水水平(低水W0、中水W1、高水W2),3個遮蔭水平(SC0為無蔭蔽、SC1為中度蔭蔽、SC2為重度蔭蔽)。在不同遮蔭條件下,通過設計不同施氮處理和不同灌水水平,來探尋不同遮蔭條件下水氮處理對小�？Х壬L和光合特性的影響。(1)增加施氮量能顯著促進盆栽小�？Х扔讟涓餍螒B(tài)指標的生長(株高、莖粗、葉片數(shù)、枝條數(shù)、冠幅及新枝長度),在相同氮肥處理下,株高及冠幅隨著遮蔭度的增加而增加。與N0S0處理相比,N2S2處理分別使株高增加31.88%,冠幅增加 29.08%。(2)增加施氮量使葉片葉綠素總量及類胡蘿卜素顯著增加。增加遮蔭度使葉綠素總量及類胡蘿卜素顯著增加,S2處理能顯著增加葉綠素總量。與N0S0相比,其余處理使葉綠素總量提高28.22%～597.71%。N2S2處理的葉綠素總量最大。(3)在相同施氮水平下,增加遮蔭度分別提高葉片日均凈光合速率、蒸騰速率、氣孔導度及水分利用效率11.85%～25.84%、7.32%～18.76%、22.14%～50.38%、12.75%～21:22%。而在同一遮蔭水平下,增加施氮量分別增加葉片日均凈光合速率.和蒸騰速率1.4%～11.64%,6.79%～12.20%。考慮氮肥和遮蔭的交互作用N2S2處理的日均Pn、Tr及WUE均達到最大,與NoSo相比,N2S2處理提高日均水分利用效率65.48%。通過對光響應的研究得出,氮肥的充足能使小�？Х热~片高效地利用弱光環(huán)境,并且土壤氮肥含量較高的條件下,遮蔭處理顯著提高小粒咖啡葉片利用弱光的能力。(4)在相同遮蔭條件下,增加施氮量可提高小粒咖啡總干物質(zhì)量25.45%～32.21%,根冠比先減小后增加,同一施氮水平下,小�？Х鹊目偢晌镔|(zhì)量隨著遮蔭強度的加大呈現(xiàn)先增后減的趨勢,根冠比則隨之減小,S1處理的總干物質(zhì)量最大,與S0處理相比提高22.22%,與NoSo處理相比,N2S1提高總干物質(zhì)量76.87%。(5)在相同灌水水平下,在SC2處理下的凈光合速率和氣孔導度最大,與SC0處理相比,分別增加了 46.47%和9.54%。與W0SC0處理相比,W2SC2處理增加葉片水分利用效率61.56%。相同蔭蔽栽培下,增加灌水量分別增加小�？Х戎旮�、莖粗為5.42%～9.18%,15.01%～18.60%。相同灌水水平,適度增加蔭蔽栽培密度可顯著提高咖啡株高和莖粗,SC1處理的株高和莖粗均最大,而過度的蔭蔽反而使株高增加不明顯。其中W2SC1處理小�？Х鹊闹旮吆颓o粗均達到最大�？紤]小粒咖啡幼樹干物質(zhì)累積最大選擇最優(yōu)光氮供給模式為N2S1處理;基于小�？Х裙夂咸匦约叭~片水分利用效率兩方面考慮,小�？Х扔讟渥顑�(yōu)水光組合為W2SC2處理。
[Abstract]:Arabica coffee is a high requirement on the growth environment of semi shade crops, like a cool, humid environment, solar radiation is too high to cause photoinhibition. As the advantage of tropical agricultural products in Yunnan Province, the planting area and output accounted for more than 90%, small coffee production by soil drought, poor nutrition and light weight restriction over three, yield and quality can not be guaranteed. Based on the above background, in this study, Arabica coffee saplings as tested materials, using two complete combination test: Test 1 (pot experiment) with 3 nitrogen levels (no nitrogen nitrogen in No as control, N1, N2, 3 high nitrogen level (shade) S0 for S1 without shade, moderate shading, S2 severe shading); test II (cell test) with 3 levels of irrigation (low water W0, water W1, water W2), 3 shading levels (SC0 = no shade, SC1 moderate shade, SC2 is a heavy degree in different shade). Under the shade conditions, through the design of different Nitrogen treatments and different irrigation levels, to explore the different shading effects of nitrogen treatment on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Arabica coffee water. (1) increase the application of nitrogen can significantly promote the morphological index of potted saplings of Arabica coffee growth (plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, branch number, width and length of shoots). In the same nitrogen treatment, plant height and crown width increases with the increase of shading degree. Compared with N0S0, N2S2 respectively. The plant height increased 31.88%, crown diameter increased 29.08%. (2) nitrogen increased the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids increased significantly. The degree of shading increased the total chlorophyll and carotenoid significantly increase, S2 treatment could significantly increase the chlorophyll content. Compared with N0S0, the rest of the total chlorophyll content increased by 28.22% ~ 597.71%.N2S2 and the chlorophyll content of the treatment. The maximum (3) at the same nitrogen level, increase the degree of shading increased leaf Slice of average net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency of 11.85% ~ 25.84%, 7.32% ~ 18.76%, 22.14% ~ 50.38%, 12.75% ~ 21:22%. and in the same shade level, increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased leaf average net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate. 1.4% ~ 11.64%, 6.79% ~ 12.20%. the interaction of nitrogen fertilizer and shading treatment N2S2 daily Pn, Tr and WUE were the highest, compared with NoSo, N2S2 treatment to improve the utilization efficiency of 65.48%. results from the response to light of daily water, adequate nitrogen can make efficient use of Arabica coffee leaves in low light environment, and the soil nitrogen content was higher under the condition of ability shading treatments significantly increased leaf of Arabica coffee using weak light. (4) under the same shading conditions, increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can increase the total dry mass of Arabica coffee from 25.45% to 32.21%, increase root shoot ratio decreased, the same nitrogen Level, total dry mass of Arabica coffee with the increase of shading intensity decreased after increasing, root shoot ratio decreased with S1 total dry weight, compared with the S0 treatment increased 22.22%, compared with NoSo, N2S1 increased the total dry weight of 76.87%. (5) in the same irrigation level under the net photosynthesis under SC2 photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were maximum, compared with the SC0 treatment, increased by 46.47% compared with 9.54%. and W0SC0 treatment, W2SC2 treatment increased leaf water use efficiency of 61.56%. are the same shade cultivation, increasing irrigation were increased coffee plant height, stem diameter was 5.42% ~ 9.18%. 15.01% ~ 18.60%. the same irrigation level, a modest increase in planting density shade coffee can significantly improve the plant height and stem diameter, SC1 height and stem diameter were the largest, and excessive shade but increased the plant height was not obvious. The W2SC1 processing of Arabica coffee Plant height and stem diameter reached the maximum. Considering the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen supply maximum selection of optimal optical mode for N2S1 processing of Arabica coffee trees; consider the Arabica coffee on Photosynthetic Characteristics and leaf water use efficiency of two aspects based on the optimal combination of Arabica coffee trees Shuiguang W2SC2.

【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S571.2

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