本文關(guān)鍵詞：冬水稻田節(jié)肢動物群落調(diào)查及利用分子標記技術(shù)分析蜘蛛對彈尾蟲的捕食作用　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 冬水稻田 18SrDNA 捕食作用 彈尾蟲 蜘蛛 定量PCR

【摘要】：冬水稻田是指為保來年栽插,在水稻收割后蓄水越冬的稻田。在我國南方稻區(qū),冬水田既是一種耕作制度,又是一種大規(guī)模的蓄水工程。在重慶等西南丘陵山區(qū),冬水稻田作為一種特殊的農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)廣泛存在。本研究在對重慶市冬水稻田節(jié)肢動物三種棲息地調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,室內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)和觀察了兩種優(yōu)勢跳蟲的生活史,同時克隆了其線粒體COI基因,比較分析了兩者的親緣關(guān)系;通過室內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)和田間取樣,利用基因標記法分析了蜘蛛對彈尾蟲的捕食作用。結(jié)果如下:冬水稻田系統(tǒng)三種生境中,總計誘捕到3,918頭節(jié)肢動物,盡管個體數(shù)是田埂雜草地稻田,但3者間差異不顯著(P0.05);物種類群數(shù)和Margalef物種豐富度指數(shù)均差異較小且3者間差異不顯著(P0.05);Shannon-Winner多樣性指數(shù)是稻田和田埂均顯著大于雜草地(P0.05);Simpson多樣性指數(shù)是雜草地顯著大于稻田和田埂(P0.05)。獵物以腐食者天臺刺齒跳蟲Homidia tiantaiensis和縱紋刺齒跳蟲H.socia為絕對優(yōu)勢種;捕食者以擬水狼蛛Pirata subpiraticus、食蟲溝瘤蛛Ummeliata insecticeps、草間小黑蛛Erigonidium graminicolum、縱條蠅獅Marpissa magister和棕管巢蛛Clubiona japonicola為優(yōu)勢類群;這些獵物和天敵種群動態(tài)在不同棲息地結(jié)構(gòu)差異明顯,并隨季節(jié)的變化呈現(xiàn)消長的變化趨勢。兩種優(yōu)勢彈尾蟲的飼養(yǎng)結(jié)果表明,孵化期、蛻皮次數(shù)和蛻皮間隔3個指標的均值差異較小;而天臺刺齒跳蟲的蛻皮期要明顯高于縱紋刺齒跳蟲,均值分別為17.04 d和13.48 d。兩種跳蟲COI-658基因比對分析指出,兩者間的相似度達到了91.66%,具有較近的親緣關(guān)系。彈尾綱通用引物Col4F/Col5R僅對天臺刺齒跳蟲和縱紋刺齒跳蟲具有擴增作用,與同域發(fā)生的其他稻蟲無交叉反應(yīng),可作為冬水稻田蜘蛛捕食彈尾蟲后檢測該獵物的有效特異性引物;冬水稻田蜘蛛目6科11種蜘蛛均捕食彈尾蟲,陽性檢出率均大于40%,其中豐富度最高的幾個優(yōu)勢種食蟲溝瘤蛛、擬水狼蛛、縱條蠅獅、棕管巢蛛和草間小黑蛛的總陽性率按大小依次是51.9%、51.8%、47.4%、46.2%和45.8%。并且隨月份呈遞減趨勢,其中當年采后季節(jié)的陽性率要顯著高于翌年春季,熒光定量結(jié)果表明縱紋刺齒跳蟲在擬水狼蛛、草間小黑蛛、食蟲溝瘤蛛、棕管巢蛛和縱條蠅獅體內(nèi)的殘留拷貝數(shù)均呈現(xiàn)當年水稻采收后較高,隨后下降并翌年春季回升的現(xiàn)象。實驗條件下,擬水狼蛛取食縱紋刺齒跳蟲后的陽性檢出率隨著消化時間的延長而下降,該下降曲線可用指數(shù)回歸方程擬合,得到擬合方程:Y=95.6189 exp(-0.035864 X),R=0.9911,P0.0001。根據(jù)擬合曲線,該陽性檢出率在0-40 h下降最快,之后減緩;最長檢出時間為64h;根據(jù)擬合方程得出了該蜘蛛體內(nèi)彈尾蟲DNA降解50%時的消化時間DS50值為19.3 h;熒光定量PCR技術(shù)分析表明,縱紋刺齒跳蟲DNA在擬水狼蛛腸道內(nèi)消解主要發(fā)生在捕食后的8h內(nèi)。結(jié)論:冬水稻田系統(tǒng)不同生境節(jié)肢動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和多樣性存在明顯差異;腐食者和捕食者是冬水稻田節(jié)肢動物群落的主要功能群,在采后秋季物種豐富度和多樣性等要高于翌年春季;其中天臺刺齒跳蟲和縱紋刺齒跳蟲以及蜘蛛中的擬水狼蛛、食蟲溝瘤蛛、草間小黑蛛、縱條蠅獅和棕管巢蛛分別是腐食者和捕食者中的絕對優(yōu)勢種,對采后季節(jié)冬水田“水稻殘體-腐食者-捕食者”營養(yǎng)級聯(lián)系統(tǒng)起重要影響作用。這2種彈尾蟲生長發(fā)育規(guī)律相似,親緣關(guān)系較近。冬水田所有蜘蛛均能捕食彈尾蟲,且捕食量較高,說明彈尾蟲是該季節(jié)稻田內(nèi)蜘蛛維持生存的主要獵物源;蜘蛛對彈尾蟲的捕食量當年采后秋季要高于翌年春季;蜘蛛捕食彈尾蟲后的消化時間主要在捕食后的8 h內(nèi),蜘蛛中腸彈尾蟲DNA降解50%時的DS50值為19.3 h,該DNA殘留量最長的檢出時間為64h。
[Abstract]:Paddy field refers to keep planting rice harvest in the next year, after the impoundment of winter paddy field. In the south of China, winter paddy field is a farming system, and is a large-scale water storage project in Chongqing. The southwest hilly area, widely exists in paddy field as a special kind of farmland ecosystem. In this study, based on the Chongqing city winter paddy field three arthropod animal habitat survey, indoor rearing and observing the life history of two dominant Collembola, and cloning of its mitochondrial COI gene, a comparative analysis of the relationship between the two; through indoor feeding and field sampling, using genetic marker analysis of predation the spider of Collembola. The results are as follows: paddy field system in three habitats, a total of 3918 head of arthropod animal trapping, although the number of individuals is the ridge weeds of paddy fields, but there is no significant difference between the 3 groups (P0.05); species number and M Argalef species richness index showed little difference and no significant difference between the 3 (P0.05); Shannon-Winner diversity index is paddy field and ridge were significantly greater than the weed (P0.05); Simpson diversity index is significantly higher than paddy weed and ridge (P0.05). The scavengers who prey Tiantai barbed teeth tiantaiensis and longitudinal Homidia springtails tattoo teeth of Collembola H.socia was the dominant species in the predator; p.subpiraticus insecticeps Pirata subpiraticus, Ummeliata insecticeps, Erigonidium graminicolum graminicolum, marpissa Magister Marpissa Magister and Clubiona japonicola Clubiona japonicola were the dominant species; the prey population dynamics and natural enemies in the different habitat structure is obvious, change trend the changes and seasonal growth and decline. The results showed the two dominant Collembola showed that the incubation period, and the 3 molt molt times interval index mean difference Small differences; and Tiantai barbed teeth Collembola molting period was higher than that of the longitudinal tooth tattoo springtails, mean values were 17.04 D and 13.48 D. two species COI-658 gene analysis pointed out that the similarity between the two reached 91.66%, has a close genetic relationship. Collembola universal primer Col4F/ Col5R only on the roof of needling teeth Collembola and longitudinal stria barbed teeth springtails have amplification effect, without cross reaction with other sympatric occurrence of rice insect pests, as winter paddy field spiders in Collembola after the effective detection of specific primers of the prey; paddy field spiders belonging to 6 families and 11 species of spiders were prey collembolan, positive rates were greater than 40%, of which the dominant species richness insecticeps highest, p.subpiraticus, marpissa Magister, the total positive rate of Clubiona japonicola graminicolum and according to the size of the order is 51.9%, 51.8%, 47.4%, 46.2% and 45.8%. and with the month showed a decreasing trend, which then The positive rate of post harvest season was significantly higher than the next spring, quantitative results show that the longitudinal tooth tattoo springtails in p.subpiraticus, E.graminicolum, Ummeliata insecticeps, Clubiona japonicola and marpissa Magister in residual copy number showed a year after harvest of rice is higher, then decreased and the next spring rise the phenomenon. Under the experimental conditions, p.subpiraticus fed longitudinal stria barbed teeth springtails the positive rate decreased with prolonged digestion time, the decline curve can be exponential regression equation fitting, fitting equation: Y=95.6189 (Exp -0.035864 X), R=0.9911, P0.0001. according to the fitting curve, slow down after the positive rate in 0-40 h decreased most rapidly; the longest detection time was 64H; according to the fitting equation and gets the digestion time DS50 spider Collembola DNA degradation of 50% when the value is 19.3 h; fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that, DNA in the longitudinal tooth tattoo to Collembola The intestinal digestion of Pirata occurs mainly in predation after 8h. Conclusion: there are obvious differences between the system of paddy field in different habitats of arthropod animal community structure and diversity; rot and predator is the main function of arthropod animal communities in winter paddy fields after harvest in autumn, species richness and diversity is higher than that of the next spring the roof; barbed teeth Collembola and longitudinal tattoo p.subpiraticus teeth and spiders in Collembola, insecticeps, E.graminicolum, marpissa Magister and Clubiona japonicola were the dominant species and predator rot in Postharvest seasons, the winter paddy rice residue "- saprophages - predator trophic cascade system play an important role. The 2 collembolan growth pattern is similar to that of a close genetic relationship. The spider can prey on all winter paddy Collembola, and predation is higher, indicating the Collembola is the season of paddy field spiders maintain The main source of prey survival; predation of spider Collembola in autumn than in spring next year after harvest; spiders in Collembola after digestion time mainly in the predator after 8 h, the spider midgut collembolan DNA degradation of 50% when the DS50 value is 19.3 h, the DNA residue in the longest check out time is 64h.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S476;S18

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