本文關(guān)鍵詞：北方半干旱地區(qū)鹽堿地上高丹草利用方式的應(yīng)用研究　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 高丹草 鹽堿地 綠肥壓青 苜蓿 青貯

【摘要】：一直以來,我國(guó)北方半干旱地區(qū)的自然環(huán)境惡劣制約著農(nóng)牧業(yè)的發(fā)展,尤其土壤鹽漬化更為普遍和嚴(yán)重,使得農(nóng)牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)得不到保障。為了滿足北方半干旱鹽堿地區(qū)農(nóng)牧業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需求,本研究通過對(duì)高丹草的栽培應(yīng)用,一是通過栽培技術(shù)措施提高高丹草的產(chǎn)量,二是通過高丹草和苜蓿的混貯提高飼草料品質(zhì),三是通過犁翻壓青改良鹽堿地的理化性質(zhì)和土壤肥力。本文研究了高丹草(Sarghum bicolor×S.sudanense)不同播種量對(duì)干草產(chǎn)量的影響,從2015年6月開始測(cè)定和觀察了株高、生長(zhǎng)速度、田間密度和生物量,以期探索出高產(chǎn)最佳栽培方式;同時(shí)對(duì)高丹草與苜�；熨A進(jìn)行了研究,試驗(yàn)設(shè)定了兩個(gè)單貯處理(高丹草和苜蓿單貯)和3個(gè)混貯處理(分別為高丹草與苜蓿1:2、1:1、2:1混合),待6～7周后對(duì)青貯飼料的感官、營(yíng)養(yǎng)和發(fā)酵品質(zhì)進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),以期探索出高丹草與苜蓿最佳混貯模式,提高高丹草飼草利用價(jià)值;另外本文利用高丹草作為綠肥,將其莖葉粉碎翻壓埋入土壤,并對(duì)壓青前后的土壤指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析,探索高丹草壓青能否對(duì)北方半干旱鹽堿地具有改良作用。其研究結(jié)果表明:(1)在北方半干旱鹽堿地栽培高丹草建議播種量控制在30～37.5 kg/hm2最為適宜,播種量最好不超過37.5kg/hm2。(2)各混貯隨著高丹草添加比例增加,營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分逐漸降低,發(fā)酵品質(zhì)逐漸提高,在同一發(fā)酵水平下,高丹草與苜蓿1:2混貯,營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值最高,效果最好。(3)從壓青前期到壓青后期土壤中的有機(jī)質(zhì)、有效磷的含量均顯著增加,全鹽含量明顯減少,通過高丹草壓青對(duì)北方鹽堿地的改善具有一定的作用,長(zhǎng)期通過高丹草綠肥壓青后不僅能增加土壤的氮素、有效磷,降低土壤含鹽量,增加土壤中的有機(jī)質(zhì),還可以改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu),提高耕地質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:The harsh natural environment in semi-arid areas of northern China has been restricting the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, especially soil salinization is more common and serious. In order to meet the needs of agricultural and animal husbandry economic development in the northern semi-arid saline-alkali area, the cultivation and application of Gaodan grass was carried out in this study. One is to improve the yield of Gudangrass through the cultivation technology measures, the other is to improve the forage quality through the mixed storage of Gaodan grass and alfalfa. The physical and chemical properties and soil fertility of saline-alkali soil were improved by ploughing and pressing. The study was conducted on Sarghum bicolor 脳 S. sudanense. Effects of different seeding rates on Hay yield. Since June 2015, the plant height, growth rate, field density and biomass have been measured and observed in order to find out the best cultivation method for high yield. At the same time, the mixed storage of alfalfa and Gaodan grass was studied. Two single storage treatments (single storage of Gaodan grass and alfalfa) and three mixed storage treatments (1: 2: 1: 1: 1: 1 of alfalfa) were set up in the experiment. The sensory, nutrition and fermentation quality of silage were evaluated after 6 ~ 7 weeks, in order to find out the best mixed storage mode of alfalfa and to improve the utilization value of alfalfa. In addition, this paper used Gudangrass as green manure, its stems and leaves were crushed and pressed into the soil, and the soil indexes before and after green were analyzed. This paper explores whether Gordanthus chinensis can improve the semi-arid saline-alkali land in the north of China. The results of the study show that: (1). It was suggested that the optimal planting rate of Gudanthus was 30 ~ 37.5 kg/hm2 in the semi-arid saline and alkali soil of northern China. The best seeding amount was no more than 37.5 kg 路hm ~ (2. 2) 路m ~ (2) ~ (2)) with the increase of the proportion of alpine grass, the nutrient content decreased gradually, and the fermentation quality was gradually improved, at the same fermentation level. When mixed with alfalfa (1: 2), the nutrient value was the highest and the effect was the best. (3) the content of organic matter, available phosphorus and total salt in the soil increased significantly from the early stage of pressing green to the later period of green and green, and the content of total salt decreased significantly. It has certain effect on the improvement of the saline and alkali land in the north through the barking of Gaodan grass. The long-term green manure can not only increase the nitrogen and available phosphorus of the soil, reduce the salt content in the soil, but also increase the organic matter in the soil. It can also improve the soil structure and improve the quality of cultivated land.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S54

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